Table Of ContentZend PHP 5
CertifiTchiardt Eidoitinon Study
Guide
by
Davey Shafik with Ben Ramsey
a php[architect] guide
Zend PHP 5 Certification Study Guide - a php[architect] Guide
Contents Copyright ©2015 Davey Shafik and Ben Ramsey– All Rights Reserved
Book and cover layout, design and text Copyright ©2015 musketeers.me, LLC. and its
predecessors – All Rights Reserved
Third Edition: February 2015
ISBN - print: 978-1-940111-15-5
ISBN - PDF: 978-1-940111-11-7
ISBN - epub: 978-1-940111-12-4
ISBN - mobi: 978-1-940111-13-1
ISBN - safari: 978-1-940111-14-8
Produced & Printed in the United States
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Written by Editor-in-Chief
Davey Shafik with Ben Ramsey Oscar Merida
Published by Managing Editor
musketeers.me, LLC. Eli White
201 Adams Ave.
Alexandria, VA 22301 Technical Reviewer
USA Oscar Merida
240-348-5PHP (240-348-5747) Layout and Design
[email protected] Kevin Bruce
www.phparch.com
For my son, Gabriel John Shafik. Thank you for showing me the world anew.
Daddy loves you.
Zend CertifiCation Study Guide iii
iV Zend CertifiCation Study Guide
Foreward Table of ContentsXI
How To UseThis Book XIII
PHP Basics 1
Syntax 2
Source Files and PHP Tags 2
Newline Characters 3
Anatomy of a PHP Script 4
Comments 4
Whitespace 5
Code Blocks 5
Language Constructs 6
Zend CertifiCation Study Guide V
Table of ConTenTs
Data Types 6
Numeric Values 7
Strings 9
Booleans 9
Compound Data Types 10
Other Data Types 10
Converting Between Data Types 10
Variables 11
Type Casting 12
Variable Variables 13
Inspecting Variables 14
Determining If a Variable Exists 16
Determining If a Variable is Empty 17
Constants 17
Operators 19
Arithmetic Operators 19
The String Concatenation Operator 21
Bitwise Operators 21
Assignment Operators 23
Referencing Variables 24
Comparison Operators 25
Logical Operators 27
Other Operators 28
Operator Precedence and Associativity 28
Control Structures 30
Conditional Structures 30
Iterative Constructs 34
Breaking and Continuing 35
Namespaces 36
Sub-Namespaces 37
Using Namespaces 38
Aliasing 40
Importing Functions and Constants 40
Summary 42
Vi Zend CertifiCation Study Guide
Table of ConTenTs
Functions 43
Basic Syntax 44
Returning Values 44
Variable Scope 46
Summary 53
Strings and Patterns 55
String Basics 56
Escaping Literal Values 58
Working with Strings 59
Comparing, Searching and Replacing Strings 61
Formatting Strings 67
Perl Compatible Regular Expressions 72
Summary 81
Arrays 83
Array Basics 84
Short Array Syntax 85
Printing Arrays 85
Enumerative vs. Associative 85
Multi-dimensional Arrays 87
Unravelling Arrays 87
Array Operations 88
Comparing Arrays 89
Counting, Searching and Deleting Elements 90
Flipping and Reversing 91
Array Iteration 92
The Array Pointer 92
An Easier Way to Iterate 94
Passive Iteration 96
Sorting Arrays 97
Other Sorting Options 99
The Anti-Sort 102
Zend CertifiCation Study Guide Vii
Table of ConTenTs
Arrays as Stacks, Queues and Sets 103
Set Functionality 105
Dereferencing Arrays 106
Summary 107
Web Programming 109
Anatomy of a Web Page 109
Forms and URLs 110
HTTP Headers 117
Sessions 122
Built-in HTTP Server 126
Summary 128
Files, Streams, and Network Programming 129
Accessing Files 131
Accessing Network Resources 139
PHP Archives (PHAR) 143
Summary 146
Database Programming 147
An Introduction to Relational Databases and SQL 148
SQL Joins 157
Advanced Database Topics 160
Working with Databases 162
MySQL Native Driver 177
Summary 177
Data Formats and Types 179
JSON 180
Dates and Times 184
Extensible Markup Language (XML) 190
Viii Zend CertifiCation Study Guide
Table of ConTenTs
SimpleXML 195
DOM 202
Loading and Saving XML Documents 203
XPath Queries 204
Modifying XML Documents 205
Object-Oriented Programming in PHP 213
OOP Fundamentals 214
Class Methods and Properties 217
Constants, Static Methods and Properties 226
Interfaces and Abstract Classes 231
Lazy Loading 235
Reflection 236
Summary 240
Closures and Callbacks 241
Closures 242
Callbacks 246
Summary 248
Elements of Object-Oriented Design 249
Designing Code 250
Design Pattern Theory 256
The Standard PHP Library 261
Generators 271
Summary 278
Errors and Exceptions 279
PHP Errors and Error Management 280
Exceptions 283
Zend CertifiCation Study Guide iX
