Zend Framew ork

424 Pages·2009·4.86 MB·English

by  Richard Ables

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BOOKS FOR PROFESSIONALS BY PROFESSIONALS® THE EXPERT’S VOICE® IN OPEN SOURCE
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Beginning Zend Framework
B
Dear Reader, e
I began writing Beginning Zend Framework with one clear goal in mind: to get g Beginning
PHP developers interested in Zend Framework. This book is not a beginner’s i
n
guide to PHP; it is a beginner’s guide to Zend Framework. My goal was to write
a step-by-step guide that is fun to read, while providing enough insight into n
the process and the power of Zend Framework. i Zend
n
After you have read this book, you will be equipped to build small-to medi-
um-scale applications using Zend Framework. I’ll show you how to do the g
following:
• Install Zend Framework in any environment so you can deploy your Z
applications in any setup.
• Apply the MVC pattern to write flexible and efficient applications. e
• Use Zend Framework to connect to a database.
n
• Mix external media, such as photos from Flickr, videos from YouTube, and
products from Amazon.com, with your own by using web services. Framework
d
• Send e-mail to keep in touch with your users.
• Add a customized search engine to your site.

• Optimize your web application using Zend Framework’s built-in
F
caching tools.
You’ll soon be writing your own Zend Framework applications and seeing
r
the benefits it can bring to your own projects.
a
I hope you have as much fun reading it as I had writing it!
Armando Padilla m
e Learn to build professional web applications
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Armando Padilla
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Beginning Zend Framework

■ ■ ■
Armando Padilla
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Beginning Zend Framework
Copyright © 2009 by Armando Padilla
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval
system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher.
ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4302-1825-8
ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-1826-5
Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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The source code for this book is available to readers at http://www.apress.com.
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To my parents, Guillermo Padilla and Francisca Osuna. To my friend
Susannah Halweg. You have shaped the person that I am today. Thank
you.

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Contents at a Glance
■Contents.........................................................................................................................................v
■About the Author.......................................................................................................................xiii
■About the Technical Reviewer.................................................................................................xiv
■Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................xv
■Introduction...............................................................................................................................xvi
■Chapter 1: Getting Started with Zend Framework..................................................................1
■Chapter 2: The Application.......................................................................................................35
■Chapter 3:Writing Controllers Using Zend_Controller.........................................................53
■Chapter 4: Views, Forms, Filters, and Validators...................................................................85
■Chapter 5: Database Communication, Manipulation, and Display.....................................155
■Chapter 6: Sending and Receiving E-mail.............................................................................227
■Chapter 7: Web Services and Feeds.......................................................................................253
■Chapter 8: Creating a Search Engine Using Zend_Search_Lucene....................................317
■Chapter 9: Caching with Zend Framework...........................................................................359
■Index..........................................................................................................................................387
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Contents
■Contents.......................................................................................................................................v
■About the Author.....................................................................................................................xiii
■About the Technical Reviewer...............................................................................................xiv
■Acknowledgments.....................................................................................................................xv
■Introduction.............................................................................................................................xvi
■Chapter 1: Getting Started with Zend Framework................................................................1
The Tools.................................................................................................................................................................1
Apache................................................................................................................................................................2
Installing Apache on Windows.........................................................................................................................2
Installing a Mac Development Environment...................................................................................................8
Post-Apache Installation.................................................................................................................................11
MySQL...............................................................................................................................................................13
Installing MySQL on Windows........................................................................................................................13
Configuring MySQL.........................................................................................................................................16
Installing MySQL GUI Tools............................................................................................................................18
Post-MySQL Installation.................................................................................................................................21
Creating a Test Database.................................................................................................................................22
PHP.........................................................................................................................................................................23
Installing PHP...................................................................................................................................................23
Getting PHP and Apache to Talk.....................................................................................................................23
Installing Zend Framework..................................................................................................................................25
Your First Application...........................................................................................................................................27
Zend_Tool.........................................................................................................................................................27
InstallingZend_Tool........................................................................................................................................28
Testing the Zend_Tool Installation.................................................................................................................29
Creating Your Project.......................................................................................................................................29
Looking Under the Hood.................................................................................................................................30

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Summary...............................................................................................................................................................33
■Chapter 2: The Application.....................................................................................................35
Music Mash-Up Application................................................................................................................................35
Mashing Up the Pieces.........................................................................................................................................36
Accounts Module.............................................................................................................................................36
Artists Module..................................................................................................................................................36
Web Services Module.......................................................................................................................................37
Designing the System...........................................................................................................................................37
An Overall Look................................................................................................................................................37
Designing the Accounts Module.....................................................................................................................38
Signing Up........................................................................................................................................................39
Logging In and Out..........................................................................................................................................39
User Profile Page..............................................................................................................................................40
User Update Page.............................................................................................................................................41
Designing the Artists Module..........................................................................................................................42
Add Artist to User’s List...................................................................................................................................42
Removing an Artist from the List....................................................................................................................43
Update Artist List.............................................................................................................................................44
Artist Profile Page.............................................................................................................................................45
Designing the Database........................................................................................................................................46
AccountsTable.................................................................................................................................................46
ArtistsTable......................................................................................................................................................48
Accounts_Artists Table....................................................................................................................................48
Creating Tables in MySQL....................................................................................................................................50
Summary...............................................................................................................................................................51
■Chapter 3: Writing Controllers Using Zend_Controller......................................................53
Model-View-Controller Pattern...........................................................................................................................53
Why Use MVC?.................................................................................................................................................53
What Is the MVC Pattern?................................................................................................................................54
MVC Life Cycle.................................................................................................................................................55
Zend Controllers...................................................................................................................................................56
Controller Guidelines......................................................................................................................................59
Naming the Controller.....................................................................................................................................59
Extending Zend_Controller_Action................................................................................................................60
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Naming Actions................................................................................................................................................61
Routing in Zend Framework................................................................................................................................61
Transforming URLs to Controllers/Actions...................................................................................................62
Dissectingthe URL...........................................................................................................................................62
Creating Custom URLs....................................................................................................................................63
Passing Parameters with Route.......................................................................................................................66
RequestObject......................................................................................................................................................68
Zend Controller Error Handling...........................................................................................................................77
Extending Error Handling...............................................................................................................................78
Setting a Different Error Handler....................................................................................................................78
Using Error Variables in the View...................................................................................................................79
The Model..............................................................................................................................................................80
Summary...............................................................................................................................................................82
■Chapter 4: Views, Forms, Filters, and Validators.................................................................85
Working with Views..............................................................................................................................................85
A Simple Example View........................................................................................................................................86
Why You Need Views............................................................................................................................................94
Manipulating the Directory Structure.................................................................................................................98
Adding Logic and Control to Views...................................................................................................................101
VariableHandling..........................................................................................................................................101
Looping in the View.......................................................................................................................................105
If-Else Statements..........................................................................................................................................107
Escaping User Input......................................................................................................................................110
Creating Your Own escape() Function.........................................................................................................111
Advanced Escape Functionality....................................................................................................................112
Creating Forms Using Zend_Form....................................................................................................................115
Getting Started...............................................................................................................................................115
Adding Elements to a Form...........................................................................................................................118
Formattingthe Form.....................................................................................................................................121
Processingthe Form......................................................................................................................................123
Error Handling...............................................................................................................................................126
Adding Validation and Filtering....................................................................................................................129
Creating Form Element Objects....................................................................................................................133

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Creating Textarea Fields................................................................................................................................134
Creating Password Fields..............................................................................................................................140
Creating Hidden Text Fields..........................................................................................................................140
Creating Radio Buttons.................................................................................................................................140
Creating Check Boxes....................................................................................................................................140
Creating Select Menus and Multiselect Menus...........................................................................................141
File Uploading................................................................................................................................................144
Implementing CAPTCHA..............................................................................................................................147
Summary.............................................................................................................................................................151
■Chapter 5: Database Communication, Manipulation, and Display...................................155
Getting Started....................................................................................................................................................155
Installing PDO................................................................................................................................................156
Connecting to a Database.............................................................................................................................157
Inserting Data......................................................................................................................................................160
Using Plain Old SQL (POSQL).......................................................................................................................161
Inserting Data Without SQL..........................................................................................................................163
Database Expressions....................................................................................................................................165
EscapingValues..............................................................................................................................................166
Brief Background: SQL Injection..................................................................................................................166
Escaping User Data........................................................................................................................................166
Escaping by Using quoteInto().....................................................................................................................168
Last Inserted ID..............................................................................................................................................170
LoudBite Sign-up Page..................................................................................................................................171
LoudBite Add Artist........................................................................................................................................173
Fetching and Displaying Records......................................................................................................................175
Using fetchAll()...............................................................................................................................................176
Using fetchOne()............................................................................................................................................181
LoudBite Login Page......................................................................................................................................183
LoudBite User ProfilePage............................................................................................................................188
Deleting Records.................................................................................................................................................191
Updating Records...............................................................................................................................................193
TransactionControl............................................................................................................................................195
Object-Oriented SELECT Statements................................................................................................................198
Querying Records from Tables Using from()...............................................................................................199
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