Table Of Contenthelsinki comite for human rights in serbia
YugoslaviA
from a histORical
perspective
Yugoslavia
from a
Historical
Perspective
Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia
Yugoslavia
from a
Historical
Perspective
Belgrade, 2017
YUGOSLAVIA FROM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Publisher
Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia
For the publisher
Sonja Biserko
Copyright © Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia, 2017.
Editorial Board
Latinka Perović
Drago Roksandić
Mitja Velikonja
Wolfgang Hoepken
Florian Bieber
Proofreading
Sheila Sofrenović
Cover design and typesetting
Ivan Hrašovec
Photos and illustrations on the cover
• Youths Day, Maribor, 1961. photo: wikipedia.org
• Vukovar 1991, photo by Željko Jovanović
• Map of SFRY, www.jugosloveni.info
Illustration on the back cover and frst page of the book
• Pablo Picasso, poster for the movie Neretva, 1969.
Printed by Delfmedia
Circulation 500
This book has been published thanks
to the support provided by the Federal
Ministry of Foreign Afairs of Federal
Republic of Germany
CIP – Каталогизација у публикацији –
Народна библиотека Србије, Београд
ISBN 978-86-7208-208-1
COBISS.SR-ID 240800780
Contents
Publisher’s Note
Why this project 9
Foreword
YU-History: A multi-perspective historical account 13
Introduction
T e multi-perspectivity of (post)Yugoslav histories 17
I – M ANIFOLD YUGOSLAVISMS –
HOW YUGOSLAV NATIONS ENTERED INTO YUGOSLAVIA
Drago Roksandić
Yugoslavism before the creation of Yugoslavia 29
II – YUGOSLAV EXPERIENCE FROM NATIONAL PERSPECTIVES
husnija Kamberović
Te Bosniaks, the Croats and the Serbs in Bosnia-Herzegovina:
Teir Experiences of Yugoslavia
In permanent gap 65
Šerbo Rastoder
Montenegro and the Montenegrins in the Yugoslavia
Statehood loss and its renewal 90
Ivo Goldstein
Croatia and Croats in Yugoslavia
Resitance to centralism 126
Ljubica Jančeva, Aleksandar Litovski
Macedonia and Macedonians in Yugoslavia
In search for identity 163
Božo Repe
Slovenia and Slovens in Yugoslavia
Reasons for entering and exiting 186
–
Latinka Perović
Te Serbs and Serbia in Modern History
Experience with other nations 2 2 0
Mrika Limani
Kosova in Yugoslavia
Against colonial status 2 7 1
Milivoj Bešlin
Vojvodina in Yugoslavia
T e struggle for the autonomy 2 9 5
III – YUGOSLAVIA FROM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE (1918–1991)
Srđan Milošević
Yugoslav Society 1918–1991
From the stagnation to the revolution 349
Igor Duda
Everyday Life in Both Yugoslavias
Catching up with Europe 3 9 1
Vladimir Gligorov
Yugoslavia and Development
Benefts and costs 4 0 9
Nenad Makuljević
Yugoslav Art and Culture
From the art of a nation to the art of a territory 442
Tvrtko Jakovina
Yugoslavia on the International Scene
T e active coexistence of non-aligned Yugoslavia 4 61
mitja Velikonja
Ways of Remembering Yugoslavia
T e Yugoslav rear-view mirror 515
6
IV – CLOSING REMARKS
Milivoj Bešlin, Srđan Milošević
Afer Yugoslavia
Societies transform at a snail’s pace 5 5 1
Vladimir Gligorov
Causes and consequences 555
ANNEX
Notes on the Authors 5 6 5
7
why This pRojecT
publisher’s Note
why this project
More than two decades have passed since the beginning of
Yugoslavia’s disintegration that ended with Kosovo’s independ-
ence declaration in 2008. Te international community was
actively involved in the crisis from the very start. It attempted to
settle diferences (Te Hague Conference), then set the criteria for
the mutual recognition of the successor-states (acknowledgment
of republican borders as state borders), provided humanitarian
aid throughout the war, imposed peace agreements on the war-
ring sides, embarked on armed intervention in Bosnia and then
in Kosovo, and fnally opened up avenues towards Europe to all
the states emerging from Yugoslavia. However, the signatures put
on the peace agreements did not put an end to national projects
nor to territorial ambitions (albeit to be achieved by other means).
As long as these aspirations were predominant, any reconcilia-
tion process was inconceivable. Te thesis also prevailed that the
war had been waged for re-composition of the Balkans, of course
along ethnic lines. Te borders defned by the Badinter Commis-
sion on Yugoslavia remained, though most of the newly-estab-
lished countries became predominantly nation-states. Te ethnic
principle taking precedence over the civic still keeps the issues of
Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia open. Tere is no doubt that
it also keeps open the question of Kosovo, regardless of its many
minority communities.
Te international community undertook many fact-fnding
initiatives (aimed at ascertaining the number of victims, for exam-
ple) that turned out to be successful. In this context, much has
likewise been done in the territory of the former Yugoslavia (in
the newly-emerged states), mostly in publishing, the compilation
9
