Table Of ContentYoung Children's Cognitive Development
Interrelationships Among Executive Functioning,
Working Memory, Verbal Ability,
and Theory of Mind
From left to right: Philip Zelazo, Klaus Oberauer, Helen Tager-Flusberg, Claire Hughes,
Claudia Mahler, Susan Gathercole, Claudia Roebers, David Bjorklund, Marcus Hasselhorn,
Winfried Kain, Josef Perner, Lou Moses, Selin Õndül, Ulrike Metz, Sylvia Bach, Beate Sodian,
John Towse, Barbara Schöppner, Wolfgang Schneider, Christof Zoelch, Nora Gaupp, Mölsle
Thomas, Dietmar Grube, Daniela Kloo, Nelson Cowan. Not in the picture: Susanne Koerber,
Kathrin Lockl.
Young Children's Cognitive Development
Interrelationships Among Executive Functioning,
Working Memory, Verbal Ability,
and Theory of Mind
Edited by
Wolfgang Schneider
University of Würzburg
Ruth Schumann-Hengsteler
Catholic University of Eichsättt-Ingolstadt
Beate Sodian
University of Müinchen
LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS
2005 Mahwah, New Jersey London
Copyright © 2005 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any
form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other
means, without prior written permission of the publisher.
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers
10 Industrial Avenue
Mahwah, New Jersey 07430
Cover design by Kathryn Houghtaling Lacey
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Young children's cognitive development : interrelationships among
executive functioning, working memory, verbal ability, and theory
of mind / edited by Wolfgang Schneider, Ruth Schumann-Hengsteler,
Beate Sodian.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8058-4906-8 (alk. paper)
1. Cognition in children—Congresses. I. Schneider, Wolfgang,
1950 June 19- II. Schumann-Hengsteler, Ruth, 1957- III. Sodian,
Beate, 1956-
BF723.C5Y67 2004
155.4'13—dc22 2004047104
Books published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates are printed
on acid-free paper, and their bindings are chosen for strength
and durability.
Printed in the United States of America
1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Contributors vii
1 Introduction and Overview 1
Wolfgang Schneider, Ruth Schumann-Hengsteler,
and Beate Sodian
2 Working Memory and Its Relevance for Cognitive Development 9
John Towse and Nelson Cowan
3 From Rag(Bag)s to Riches: Measuring the Developing 39
Central Executive
Christof Zoelch, Katja Seitz, and Ruth Schumann-Hengsteler
4 Hot and Cool Aspects of Executive Function: Relations 71
in Early Development
Philip D. Zelazo, Li Qu, and Ulrich Müller
5 Theory of Mind—The Case for Conceptual Development 95
Beate Sodian
6 On the Specificity of the Relation Between Executive Function 131
and Children's Theories of Mind
Louis J. Moses, Stephanie M. Carlson, and Mark A. Sabbagh
7 The Evolution of Theory of Mind: Big Brains, Social 147
Complexity, and Inhibition
David F. Bjorklund, Christopher A. Cormier,
and Justin S. Rosenberg
8 The Developmental Relation of Theory of Mind and Executive 175
Functions: A Study of Advanced Theory of Mind Abilities
in Children with ADHD
Beate Sodian and Christian Hülsken
9 What fMRI Can Tell Us About the ToM-EF Connection: 189
False Beliefs, Working Memory, and Inhibition
Winfried Kain and Josef Perner
v
vi CONTENTS
10 Theory of Mind, Working Memory, and Verbal Ability 219
in Preschool Children: The Proposal of a Relay Race Model
of the Developmental Dependencies
Marcus Hasselhorn, Claudia Mahler, and Dietmar Grube
11 Theory of Mind, Language, and Executive Functions 239
in Autism: A Longitudinal Perspective
Helen Tager-Flusberg and Robert M. Joseph
12 Interrelationships Among Theory of Mind, Executive Control, 259
Language Development, and Working Memory in Young
Children: A Longitudinal Analysis
Wolfgang Schneider, Kathrin Lockl, and Olivia Fernandez
13 Executive Functions, Working Memory, Verbal Ability, 285
and Theory of Mind—Does It All Come Together?
Klaus Oberauer
Author Index 301
Subject Index 315
Contributors
David F. Bjorklund, Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University,
Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
Stephanie M. Carlson, Department of Psychology, University of Washington,
Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
Christopher A. Cormier, Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic
University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
Nelson Cowan, Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, 210
McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
Olivia Fernandez, Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg,
Röntgenring 10, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
Dietmar Grube, Department of Psychology, Georg-August-Universitat
Göttingen, Gofilerstr. 14, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
Marcus Hasselhorn, Department of Psychology, Georg-August-Universitat
Göttingen, Goßlerstr. 14, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
Christian Hiilsken, Department of Psychology, University of München,
Leopoldstr. 13, 80802 München, Germany
Robert M. Joseph, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston
University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street L-814, Boston MA
02118-2526, USA
Winfried Kain, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg,
Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
Kathrin Lockl, Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg,
Rontgenring 10, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
Claudia Mahler, Department of Psychology, Georg-August-Universitat
Göttingen, Goßilerstr. 14, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
Louis J. Moses, Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon,
Eugene, OR 97403 USA
Ulrich Müller, Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, 3800
Finnerty Road, Victoria BC V8P 5C2, Canada
vii
Vlli CONTRIBUTORS
Klaus Oberauer, Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-
Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Golm, Germany
Josef Perner, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg,
Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
Li Qu, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,
M5S 3G3, Canada
Justin S. Rosenberg, Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University,
Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
Mark A. Sabbagh, Department of Psychology, Queens University, Kingston,
Ontario, K7L 3C3 Canada
Wolfgang Schneider, Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg,
Röntgenring 10, 97070 Wiirzburg, Germany
Ruth Schumann-Hengsteler, Department of Psychology, Catholic University
of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraßie 26, 85071 Eichstätt, Germany
Katja Seitz, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-
Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 26, 85071 Eichstätt, Germany
Beate Sodian, Department of Psychology, University of München, Leopoldstr.
13, 80802 München, Germany
Helen Tager-Flusberg, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston
University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street L-814, Boston MA
02118-2526, USA
John Towse, Department of Psychology, Fylde College, University of
Lancaster, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LAI 4YF, UK
Philip D. Zelazo, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, M5S 3G3, Canada
Christ of Zoelch, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-
Ingolstadt, Ostenstraßie 26, 85071 Eichstätt, Germany
Description:A critical part of early childhood development is the development of "theory of mind" (ToM), which is the ability to take the perspective of another person. The main purpose of this book is to discuss and integrate findings from prominent research areas in developmental psychology that are typically
