yield loss due to sucking pests and management of early season sucking pests through stem ...

123 Pages·2016·23.59 MB·English

YIELD LOSS DUE TO SUCKING PESTS AND
MANAGEMENT OF EARLY SEASON SUCKING
PESTS THROUGH STEM APPLICATION
TECHNIQUE ON COTTON

BY
RENUKA PITHANI
B.Sc. (Ag.)

THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE
ACHARYA N.G.RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

CHAIRPERSON: Dr. N.V.V.S.D. PRASAD

DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, BAPATLA
ACHARYA N.G.RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD – 500 030
2013
LIST OF CONTENTS
Chapter No. Title Page No.
I INTRODUCTION
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
III MATERIAL AND METHODS
IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
LITERATURE CITED
APPENDIX
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Yield loss due to sucking pests
and management of early season sucking pests through stem application
technique on cotton” submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
degree of Master of Science in Agriculture of the Acharya N. G. Ranga
Agricultural University, Hyderabad is a record of the bonafide original research
work carried out by Ms. Pithani Renuka under our guidance and supervision.
No part of the thesis has been submitted by the student for any other degree
or diploma. The published part and all assistance received during the course of
investigations have been duly acknowledged by the author of the thesis.

(N.V.V.S.D. PRASAD)
Chairman of the Advisory Committee
Thesis approved by the Student’s Advisory Committee

Chairman : Dr. N.V.V.S.D.PRASAD ___________________________
Scientist (Entomology), RARS,
Lam, Guntur.

Member : Dr. G. RAMACHANDRA RAO _____________________________

Senior Scientist (Entomology)
DAATT Centre
RARS Lam, Guntur
Member : Dr. LAL AHAMED. M ____________________________
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Genetics & Plant Breeding
Agricultural College, Bapatla.

Date of final viva – voce:
DECLARATION
I Ms. PITHANI RENUKA, hereby declare that the thesis entitled “Yield
loss due to sucking pests and management of early season sucking pests
through stem application technique on cotton” submitted to the Acharya N.G.
Ranga Agricultural University for the degree of Master of Science in
Agriculture is the result of the original research work done by me. I also declare
that no material contained in the thesis has been published earlier in any manner.

Date: (RENUKA.P)
Place: Bapatla I.D.No. BAM-11-39
CERTIFICATE
Ms. PITHANI RENUKA has satisfactorily prosecuted the course of
research and that the thesis “Yield loss due to sucking pests and management of
early season sucking pests through stem application technique on cotton”
submitted is the result of original research work and is of sufficiently high
standard to warrant its presentation to the examination. I also certify that neither
the thesis nor its part thereof has been previously submitted by her for a degree of
any university.

Date: ( N.V.V.S.D. PRASAD)
Major Advisor
Place: Bapatla
Scientist (Entomology), RARS,
Lam, Guntur.
LIST OF CONTENTS

Chapter Page No.
Title

I INTRODUCTION

II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

III
MATERIALS AND METHODS

IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

V
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

LITERATURE CITED
APPENDIX
LIST OF TABLES

Page
S. No. Title
No.
4.1 Incidence of leafhoppers on Bt cotton hybrids under protected
and unprotected conditions
4.2 Leafhopper injury grades in Bt cotton hybrids
4.3 Incidence of aphids on Bt cotton hybrids under protected and
unprotected conditions
4.4 Incidence of thrips on Bt cotton hybrids under protected and
unprotected conditions
4.5 Incidence of whiteflies on Bt cotton hybrids under protected and
unprotected conditions
4.6 Incidence of spiders on Bt cotton hybrids under protected and
unprotected conditions
4.7 Incidence of coccinellids on Bt cotton hybrids under protected
and unprotected conditions
4.8 Seed cotton yield (q/ha) and yield losses
4.9 Efficacy of stem application of insecticides against aphids, Aphis
gossypii

4.10 Efficacy of stem application of insecticides against leafhopper,
Amrasca biguttula biguttula
4.11 Efficacy of stem application of insecticides against thrips, Thrips
tabaci
4.12 Efficacy of stem application of insecticides against whitefly,
Bemisia tabaci
4.13 Influence of treatments on the incidence of spiders after stem
application
4.14 Influence of treatments on the incidence of coccinellid beetles
after stem application
4.15 Influence of treatments on the growth parameters at 10 days after
first stem application
4.16 Influence of treatments on the growth parameters at 10 days after
second stem application
4.17 Influence of treatments on the growth parameters at 10 days after
third stem application
4.18 Influence of stem application of insecticides on seed cotton yield
LIST OF FIGURES

S.No. Figures Page
No.
3.1 Layout of the yield estimation experimental field
3.2 Layout of the stem application of insecticides experimental field
4.1 Incidence of leafhopper on Bt cotton hybrids under protected and
unprotected conditions
4.2 Incidence of aphids on Bt cotton hybrids under protected and unprotected
conditions
4.3 Incidence of thrips on Bt cotton hybrids under protected and unprotected
conditions
4.4 Incidence of whitefly on Bt cotton hybrids under protected and
unprotected conditions
4.5 Seed cotton yield and yield loss in Bt cotton hybrids under protected and
unprotected conditions
4.6 Efficacy of stem application insecticides against aphids
4.7 Efficacy of stem application insecticides against leafhopper
4.8 Efficacy of stem application insecticides against thrips
4.9 Efficacy of stem application insecticides against whitefly
4.10 Per cent increase of seed cotton yield over control through stem
application technique
LIST OF PLATES
Plate No. Title Page No.
1 General view of experimental field
2 Sucking pests in cotton
2(a) Leafhoppers observed on leaf
2(b) Aphids observed on cotton leaf
2(c) Thrips observed on cotton leaf
2(d) Whiteflies observed on cotton leaf
3 Leafhopper injury grades
3(a) Grade1: No damage symptoms
3(b) Grade2: Yellow colour margins
3(c) Grade3: Brickred colour leaf margins
3(d) Grade4: Brickred colour leaf
4 Stem application technique in cotton