Table Of ContentYanaihara Tadao
and
Japanese Colonial Policy
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Yanaihara Tadao
and
Japanese Colonial Policy
R E D E E M I N G E M P I R E
Susan C. Townsend
RRoutledge
Taylor &. Francis Croup
LONDON AND NEW YORK
For Margaret
and
Len McDonald
First published 2002 by RoutledgeCurzon
This edition published 2013 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2000 Susan C. Townsend
Typeset in Meridien by LaserScript Ltd, Mitcham, Surrey
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book has been requested
ISBN 0-7007-1275-5
Contents
Acknowledgements vii
INTRODUCTION
An Encounter with Bandits 1
one The Education of a Commoner 17
tw o In the Footsteps of Uchimura Kanzo 39
th r e e A Theory of Colonisation 70
fo u r Taiwan: A Theory of Dependency 99
five Korea: A Plea for Justice 12 5
six Manchuria: A 'Slighter Gesture of Dissent'? 158
se v e n The South Sea Islands: A Moral Question 189
e ig h t China: Capitalism and Colonial Development 208
nine The Yanaihara Incident 228
Afterword 257
Bibliography 276
Index 291
v
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Acknowledgements
There are many people to whom I owe a debt of gratitude for giving
me enough confidence and encouragement to embark firstly upon a
thesis and then a book. First, I would like to thank my PhD supervisor,
Dr Gordon Daniels in the History Department of the University of
Sheffield who not only suggested researching the colonial writings of
Yanaihara Tadao eight years ago, but who has been a constant source
of encouragement and guidance throughout my time in Sheffield and
Cambridge. I would also like to thank all the staff and postgraduates in
the History Department at Sheffield, especially Professor Ian Kershaw
whose continued friendship and advice over the last seven years has
made the whole process a great pleasure. Thanks also to friends and
colleagues in the School of East Asian Studies and the East Asian
Studies Library, University of Sheffield.
Special thanks goes to the British Academy for giving me a major
state studentship to fund my research and also for the three year
post-doctoral fellowship during which time I wrote this book and
began research for the next one. During the last three years I have
become indebted to friends and colleagues in Cambridge, especially
my mentor Dr Stephen Large and the President of New Hall, Anne
Lonsdale both of whom have encouraged and inspired me and have
made my fellowship in Cambridge such a rewarding one. I am
indebted to both Stephen Large and Gordon Daniels for reading the
manuscript and making suggestions which improved it immensely.
I am immensely grateful to Dr Shogimen Takashi of Clare Hall who
very kindly read the manuscript, corrected my translations in places
and made many helpful suggestions.
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In Japan I also received much help and I am very grateful to
Professor Banno Junji and his staff at the Shakai Kagaku Kenkyu-jo
[Social Science Research Institute] at Tokyo University and the staff
and librarians of Kokusai Bunka Kaikan [International House]
during my research visit in June and July, 1995. The highlight of
that research visit, however, was meeting Professor Yanaihara Katsu
at his home in June and I extend my thanks to him for kindly
agreeing to meet me and talk about his father, Yanaihara Tadao.
Thanks also to Professor Nakamura Katsumi for his kind help and
suggestions.
None of this would have been possible, however, without the
support of my family, particularly Mom and Len who encouraged
me in my change of career from bus driver to academic thirteen
years ago and who put up with me during the three years of my
undergraduate degree at Staffordshire Polytechnic now Staffordshire
University. Also vital to my wellbeing was the support of many
close friends, in particular, Helen Grindley, Julie Hanson, Shiela
Travis, Beverley Eaton, Pauline Elkes and Chris Williams. Finally I
would like to thank my partner Nigel Williamson whose excellent
cooking has kept me from malnutrition and whose computer skills
saved me from a mental breakdown.
I N T R O D U C T I O N
An Encounter
with Bandits
In the early afternoon of 11 September 1932 a smartly-dressed,
aristocratic-looking Japanese gentleman in his early forties stood
waiting outside the ticket office of Changchun railway station in
Manchuria. At some five feet ten inches tall, professor Yanaihara
Tadao of Tokyo Imperial University stood head and shoulders above
most Japanese males of his generation. It was often supposed that
his family had 'Western blood' somewhere down the line since his
features were strikingly European, with wide, bespectacled eyes set
below a high forehead and a relatively large, high bridged, slightly
hooked nose which accentuated the austere set of the full mouth.
He was extremely indignant because he had asked the hotel clerk at
the lodgings where he had been staying to reserve first class tickets
for his journey to Harbin in northern Manchuria, but the clerk had
been singularly intransigent and had refused, stating that it was
unnecessary to purchase tickets in advance. Now the only tickets
left at the station office were for the less comfortable, inferior
carriages situated in the middle of the train. His travelling
companion and guide, a young employee of the Japanese-owned
South Manchuria Railway, had managed to buy a first class ticket
but he sacrificed it so that he could accompany the professor.1
Neither of the two men were aware at this point that the
stubbornness of a hotel clerk had probably just saved their lives.
The railway line from Changchun [Xinjing] to Harbin in the
north and from Harbin to Qiqihar in the east had for some time
been the target of so-called 'bandits'2 and by 1932 it had become
extremely dangerous for foreigners to travel along either of these
1
