Xi Shu, A Promising Anti-tumor and Anti-viral Tree for the 21st Century

273 Pages·2015·8.23 MB·English

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Shiyou Li
Stephen F Austin State University, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, [email protected]
Kent T. Adair
Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F Austin State University
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Camptotheca acuminafa Decaisne
XI SHU
@W
(Chinese Happytree)
A Promising Anti-tumor and Anti-viral Tree
for the 21st Century
Shiyou Li and Kent T. Adair
Foreword by MONROE E. WALL
Preface by BEPPING C. GIOVANELLA
A Henry M. Rockwell Monograph
The TuckerCenter
College ofForestry
Stephen F. Austin State University
Nacogdoches, Texas
1994
Copyright © 1994by ShiyouLiandKentT. Adair
All rights reserved
Nopartofthis publicationmaybe reproducedortransmittedin any form orby
any means,electronicormechanical, includingphotocopying,recording,orby
any information storageandretrievalsystem, without writtenpermissions from
theauthorsand publisher.
Peublished by
TheTuckerCenter
CollegeofForestry
StephenF. Austin State University
Nacogdoches,Texas75962,USA
Printed in the UnitedStatesofAmerica
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Li, Shiyou, 1963-
CamptothecaacuminataDecaisne,Xi Shu [Hsi Shu] (ChineseHappytree):
a promising anti-tumorand anti-viral tree for the21stcenturyI ShiyouLi
and KentT. Adair; foreword by MonroeE. Wall;prefacebyBeppinoC.
Giovanella.
p. em.
"A Henry M. Rockwell monograph."
Includes bibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-938361-11-2
I.Camptothecin--Derivatives--Therapeutic use. 2. Antineoplastic agents.
3. Antiviral agents. 4. Camptothecaacuminata. I. Adair, KentT. II. Title.
RC271.C35L5 1994
616.99'2061--dc20 94-36817
CIP
ISBN0-938361-11-2Hardback
Warning: Thisbookis notintended forprescribing medication orforcuring
afflictions. Theuseofanyofthis information forpurposesofself-treatment
withoutconsultingaphysiciancanbedangerous.
This work is dedicated to
Dr. Monroe E. Wall
for his contribution to carnptothecins

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword byDr. Monroe E. Wall IX
Preface byDr. Beppino C. Giovanella
Xl
Authors' Preface Xlii
Acknowledgments xv
1. Introduction 1
Cancers andTaxol 1
Camptothecins and Hope 3
Camptothecins, Promising Drugs 7
2. Historical Review 9
Discovery ofCamptothecins 9
Literature Records 12
3. Mechanisms of Action of Camptothecins 16
4. Preclinical and Clinical Trials of Camptothecins in
Cancer Treatment 21
Carnptothecin (CPT) 22
lO-Hydroxycamplothecin (HCPT) 24
Topotccan (TPT) 25
Irinotccan (CPT-II) 26
9-Arninocamptothecin (9-AC) 28
5. Potential Anti-Viral Activity of Camptothecins 31
Camptothecins, Potential Anti-viral Drugs 31
Mechanism ofAction 33
6. Other Uses of Camptothecins 35
Plant Regulator 35
Insect Chemosterilant 36
Ethnic Uses 36
VI
Potential Development of Xi Shu in the United States 39
7. Sources of Camptothecins 41
Drugs Extracted from All Parts ofXi Shu 41
OtherBotanical Sources ofCamptothecins 42
8. Botany of Xi Shu 44
Phylogenetic Relationships 44
Morphology andTaxonomy 45
9. Geography of Xi Shu 55
Natural Range 55
Cultural Range 55
10. Ecology of Xi Shu 66
Synecological Feature 66
Autecological Feature 68
Ecological Conditions ofthe Potential Cultural Range 70
11. Reproduction and Growth of Xi Shu 74
Pollination 74
Seed Germination 75
Vegetative Propagation 76
Growth 76
12. Protection of Xi Shu 82
Diseases 82
Pests 84
Animals 89
Other Problems 89
13. Harvest of Xi Shu 91
14. Further Research 93
Literature Cited 99
Bibliography J15
1. Botany ofXi Shu 116
2. Ecology and Physiology ofXi Shu 121
3. Mechanisms ofAction ofCamptothecins 125
4. Anti-Viral Activity ofCamptothecins 155
vii
5. Pharmacology ofCamptothecins 160
6. Preclinical and Clinical Trials ofCamptothecins 193
7. Review ofCamptothecins 212
8. Synthesis ofCamptothecins 214
9. Notes to Non-EnglishJournals 224
Appendix 227
Index 238
About the Authors