Table Of ContentØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÀÈÀ
ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÉÓ
ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÉ
XI
ÈÁÉËÉÓÉ
2011
ÀÒÍ. ÜÉØÏÁÀÅÀÓ ÄÍÀÈÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÄÁÉÓ ÉÍÓÔÉÔÖÔÉ
Arn. Chikobava Institute of Linguistics
ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÀÈÀ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÉÓ
ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÉ
XI
Questions of the Structure of Kartvelian
Languages
ÄÞÙÅÍÄÁÀ ÀÊÀÃÄÌÉÊÏÓ ÅÀÒËÀÌ ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀÓ
ÃÀÁÀÃÄÁÉÓ 110-Ä ßËÉÓÈÀÅÓ
Tbilisi
ÈÁÉËÉÓÉ 2011
mTavari redaqtori Editor-in-chief
ÌÄÒÀÁ ÜÖáÖÀ Merab Chukhua
saredaqcio kolegia Editorial Board
ÀÅÈÀÍÃÉË ÀÒÀÁÖËÉ Avtandil Arabuli
ÌÀÒÉÍÄ ÁÄÒÉÞÄ Marine Beridze
ÂÉÏÒÂÉ ÂÏÂÏËÀÛÅÉËÉ Giorgi Gogolashvili
ËÀËÉ ÄÆÖÂÁÀÉÀ Lali Ezugbaia
ÂÖÜÀ ÊÅÀÒÀÝáÄËÉÀ Gucha Kvaratskhelia
ÍÀÍÀ ÌÀàÀÅÀÒÉÀÍÉ Nana Machavariani
ÏÌÀÒ ÌÄÌÉÛÉÛÉ Omar Memishishi
ÌÖÒÌÀÍ ÓÖáÉÛÅÉËÉ Murman Sukhishvili
ÈÄÃÏ ÖÈÖÒÂÀÉÞÄ Tedo Uturgaidze
ÍÀÈÄËÀ ØÖÈÄËÉÀ Natela Kutelia
† ÌÉáÄÉË ØÖÒÃÉÀÍÉ Mikheil Kurdiani
ÅÀÑÀ ÛÄÍÂÄËÉÀ Vaja Shengelia
ÉÆÀ ÜÀÍÔËÀÞÄ Iza Chantladze
m i s a m a r T i :
A d d r e s s :
0108 Tbilisi, ingoroKvas q. 8
0108 Tbilisi, Ingorokva str. 8
arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis
Arn. Chikobava Institute
enaTmecnierebis instituti
of Linguistics
E-mail: [email protected]
© arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti
Arn. Chikobava Institute of Linguistics
ISBN 99940-864-7-2
teqnikuri redaqtori l. vaSakiZe
kompiuteruli uzrunvelyK ofa: T. gabroSvili
r. grigolia
r. papiaSvili
r. ratiani
ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÀÈÀ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÉÓ ÓÀÊÉÈáÄÁÉ. XI. 2011
avTandil arabuli
varlam Tofurias adgilisaTvis XX saukunis
qarTvelologiaSi
axal saukuneTa mijnaze, am urTules istoriul cvlilebaTa
Jams, movaleobas rom Tavi davaneboT, Tanamedroveobas uTuod sWir-
deba da Seefereba iseTi mniSvnelovani movlenebis ardaviwyeba da
SeZlebisdagvarad gaazreba, rogoric varlam Tofurias cxovreba da
Rvawli gaxlavT.
gaxseneba gardasulebs ar sWirdebaT, is awmyos sWirdeba momav-
lisaTvis gadasacemad, miT ufro maSin, roca momavlisaTvis gadasa-
cemis didi wili sakuTarze ki ara, warsulis namemkvidrevze modis.
warsulsa da momavals Soris, ai, amgvari (ilias gamoTqmiT) `Semaer-
Tavi xidia~ varlam Tofurias saxeli da namoRvawari.
am saukuneTa Sesayarze (da _ gasayarze) dedauniversitetis
aswlovanTa gaxsenebas erTi mniSvnelovani datvirTvac aqvs: amiT
Cven erTxel kidev uSualod ganvicdiT gasuli saukunis dasawyisis
erovnuli energiis mZlavr emanacias da kidev erTxel aRvniSnavT im
rols, rac erovnulma universitetma Seasrula XX saukuneSi, qveynis
arsebobis sruliad axal etapze.
aswlovanTa memorialur RonisZiebebSi, Cveulebisamebr, jer ki-
dev umniSvnelo rols ar TamaSobs mogonebaTa anu `egos~ wili, mag-
ram, amave dros, saukunovani TariRi is mijnac aris, romelic moRva-
wisa da misi namoRvawaris WeSmarit mniSvnelobas srulad da obieq-
turad warmoaCens, roca am rigis aqtiurobas pirovnuli movaleoba
ki ara, obieqturi istoriuli valdebuleba ganapirobebs... yovel
SemTxvevaSi, ukve Cveni TaobisaTvis varlam Tofuria is warsulia,
romlis miRebasa da Sefasebas arc xels uwyobs da arc xels uSlis
TaobaTa Soris piradi urTierTobis momenti. Cveulebisamebr, rac
4 a a rab ul i
.
dro gadis, es distancia warsulTan miT ufro izrdeba da miT uf-
ro met fassa da wonas iZens moRvawis WeSmariti roli da mniSvne-
loba istoriis winaSe.
SeiZleba sruli darwmunebiT iTqvas, rom varlam Tofurias
figura erTi saukeTeso ganmasaxierebelia im WeSmariti moRvawisa,
romlis mecnieruli memkvidreoba droTa ganmavlobaSi sul metsa da
met mniSvnelobas SeiZens, xolo misi pirovneba saukeTesod gamoxa-
tavs dedauniversitetis wiaRSi erovnuli energiis emanaciis zemo-
aRniSnul movlenas. moRvawis cxovrebis gza _ dawyebuli erTi pa-
tara qarTuli soflis skolidan da damTavrebuli dedauniversite-
tiTa da mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiiT _ kvlavac araerTi Tao-
bisaTvis iqneba waruvali magaliTi da gakveTili pirovnebis sruli
sulieri TviTgamovlenisa da TviTdamkvidrebisa.
varlam Tofuria, gangebis nebiT, swored XX saukunis gariJ-
raJze moevlina am qveyanas; igi daibada 1901 wlis 8 ianvars, anu
qarTuli marTlmadidebluri kalendriT, qristeSobis meore dRes.
albaT SeuZlebelia, movlenaTa aseTi damTxveva axalyrmis mSoblebis
ojaxSi da mSobliur sofel ontofoSi jer kidev tradiciul, mo-
rwmune sazogadoebas raRac sagangebo SemTxvevad ar aReqva. Tumca
aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom am did adamianebze saubrisas iseT did
uxerxulobas araferi iwvevs, rogorc ori ram: erTi _ dabadebis
adgilis dazusteba da meore _ maTi moRvaweobis drod sabWoTa
epoqis dasaxeleba (miT ufro _ imdroindeli qarTuli mecnierebis
`sabWoTa mecnierebad~ moxsenieba).
meore niSandoblivi damTxveva is aris, rom varlam Tofuria
xdeba axaldaarsebuli erovnuli universitetis erT-erTi pirveli
studenti. SegviZlia warmovidginoT, magram SeuZlebelia ramdenadme
mainc aRvadginoT is amaRlebuli gancda, rac ivane javaxiSvilis pir-
velwveulT unda dauflebodaT universitetis zRurblze gadabije-
bisas. am Taobis moRvaweobis Sedegebidan gamoCndeba, rom es gancda
wminda aRTqmisa Tu ficis tolfasi iyo...
da mesamec: erovnuli universitetis mesaZirkvleTa brwyinvale
`TanavarskvlavedSi~ varlam Tofuriam, erTi SexedviT, imdenad bu-
nebrivad da Zaldautaneblad daikava Tavisi gamorCeuli adgili,
rom amisi axsnac isev im arcTu akademiur gamonaTqvams _ `bedis
rCeulobas~ _ unda mivandoT. miT ufro, rom mecnierma es adgili
varlam Tofurias adgilisaTvis XX saukunis qarTvelologiaSi 5
daimkvidra ara romelime gankerZoebul, jer kidev auTvisebel sfe-
roSi, aramed misi samecniero interesebi moicavda arsebiTad yvela
im mimarTulebas, rasac misi maswavleblebi da ufrosi kolegebi da-
saZlevad SesWidebodnen...
varlam Tofurias mecnierulma moRvaweobam moicva imdroinde-
li lingvisturi problematikis TiTqmis yvela aspeqti da saukeTeso
kuTxiT warmoaCina kavkasiologiis, qarTvelologiis, saerTod, qar-
Tuli mecnieruli azris winsvla da warmatebebi aRweriTs, struq-
turulsa Tu SedarebiTs enaTmecnierebaSi. SeuZlebelia miznad da-
visaxoT erT werilSi Tundac zereled warmovaCinoT misi mecnieru-
li memkvidreoba...
Tu ramdenad mravalmxrivia varlam Tofurias samecniero inte-
resebi da SemecnebiTi Zalisxmeva, am STabeWdilebas mis mier damuSa-
vebuli mimarTulebebisa da problemebis mxolod mSrali CamonaTva-
lic Segviqmnis:
_ iberiul-kavkasiuri enebis aRweriTi da SedarebiTi Seswav-
la (magaliTad: lakuris gramatikuli aRwera; kavkasiur enaTa bgere-
bis klasifikaciis principebi; iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa struqturu-
li Sexvedrebi da maTi istoriuli analizi...).
_ qarTvelur enaTa struqturisa da istoriis urTulesi
problemebi (erTi mxriv, svanuris yovelmxrivi aRwera [`svanuris
gramatika~, `svanuri zmna~] da meore mxriv _ SedarebiTi kvleva fo-
nologiuri Tu morfologiuri struqturebisa [kvlevaTa seriebi:
`fonetikuri dakvirvebani qarTvelur enebSi~, `qarTvelur enaTa si-
tyvawarmoebidan~ da sxv.]).
_ qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoria, Zveli qarTuli (ma-
galiTad: `qvajvarani saqarTveloSi~, `qarTuli saliteraturo enis
Camoyalibebis sakiTxisaTvis~ da sxv.).
_ qarTuli enis fonetika-fonologia, morfologia, sintaqsi
(magaliTad: ƒ fonemis sintagmatikis sakiTxi, mesame tipis vnebiTis
warmoeba, sintaqsuri analogiis analizi...).
_ dialeqtologia, qarTveluri dialeqtebi (svanuris deta-
luri kilouri aRwera, gomaruli, qarTluri, zemoraWuli... dia-
leqturi teqstebis ganumeorebeli korpusi [`qarTuli dialeqto-
6 a a rab ul i
.
logia, I~], Teoriuli da meToduri miTiTebani dialeqtologiur
kvlevaSi...).
_ leqsikologia-leqsikografia, etimologia (enimkis leqsiko-
logiis ganyofilebaSi misi xelmZRvanelobiT damuSavda qarTuli
enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis sityvani, romelic daedo safuZvlad
1945 wels enaTmecnierebis institutSi Seqmnili qeglis komisiis
muSaobas; iyo qeglis mTavari redaqciis wevri, am leqsikonis III to-
mis redaqtori; `svanuri leqsikoni~, `qarTul-rusuli leqsikoni~,
werilebis dasaxelebuli seria sityvawarmoebis Sesaxeb, kompozitTa
Sedgenis kanonzomierebani...).
_ saliteraturo qarTulis normaTa dadgenisa da dacvis sa-
kiTxebi (`qarTuli enis siwmindis dacvisaTvis~, `qarTuli ena da
marTlweris zogierTi sakiTxi~, `orTografiuli leqsikoni~...).
_ mSobliuri enis swavleba (saxelmZRvaneloebi: `qarTuli
ena~, `qarTuli weris dedani~, `mSobliuri enis swavlebisaTvis sa-
Sualo skolaSi~, programebi, meToduri miTiTebani...).
_ winamorbedTa da kolegaTa Rvawlis dafaseba (mose janaSvi-
li, ivane javaxiSvili, akaki SaniZe, ioseb yifSiZe, simon janaSia, ar-
nold Ciqobava...).
_ gansakuTrebulad Tavdadebuli pedagogiuri saqmianoba.
ganumeorebelia varlam Tofurias cxovrebis gza da STambeWda-
via misi samecniero-pedagogiuri moRvaweobis mxolod qronografiac
ki:
universitetis aRzrdils oriode wels uwevs Tbilisis cen-
tralur pedagogiur institutSi muSaoba da maswavleblebi _ a. Sa-
niZe da g. axvlediani _ ukve 26 wlisas andoben mas universitetSi
dialeqtologiisa da enaTmecnierebis Sesavlis kursebs. amis Semdeg
araerTi samecniero-pedagogiuri Tanamdebobis gaZRola mouxda mas
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi, enimkiSi, mecnierebaTa akademi-
aSi, quTaisisa da goris pedagogiur institutebSi, Tbilisis samas-
wavleblo institutSi...
1936 wlidan aris enimkis (`enis, istoriisa da materialuri
kulturis instituti~) leqsikologiis ganyofilebis gamge.
1941 wlidan, anu enaTmecnierebis institutis daarsebis dRi-
dan, aris am institutis qarTvelur enaTa ganyofilebis gamge.
1943-1949 wlebSi iyo enaTmecnierebis institutis direqtori.
varlam Tofurias adgilisaTvis XX saukunis qarTvelologiaSi 7
1945 wels universitetSi qarTuli enis kaTedris bazaze da-
arsda axali qarTuli enis kaTedra, romlis gamgeobac akaki SaniZem
varlam Tofurias ando da igi sicocxlis bolomde uZRveboda am
saqmes.
30 wlisa igi ukve universitetis docentia, 35-36 wlisa _
filologiuri mecnierebis doqtori da profesori, 45 wlisa _ me-
cnierebaTa akademiis wevri.
dasawyisidanve STambeWdavia v. Tofurias mecnieruli Ziebis
Sedegebi. ukve universitetis damTavrebisTanave _ 1923-1924 wlebSi
aqveynebs igi iseT mniSvnelovan werilebs, rogorebicaa: `sintaqsuri
analogiis erTi SemTxveva qarTulSi dialeqtebis mixedviT~, `ormagi
uaryofa qarTulSi~, `geografiul saxelTa -Ta sufiqsisaTvis qar-
TulSi~, `zmnis zogierTi Taviseburebani gomarulSi~... 1946 wels
aqveynebs umniSvnelovanesi seriis _ `fonetikuri dakvirvebani qar-
Tvelur enebSi~ _ pirvel werils: `bgeriT movlenaTa Tanamimdevro-
ba...~
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis mesaZirkvleebsa da pir-
velmkvalavebs, qarTvelologiis manamdeli xarvezebis gaTvaliswine-
biT, mravalmxrivi da muxlCauxreli moRvaweoba uwevdaT sxvadasxva
mimarTulebiT. amitomac upirvelesad gaocebas iwvevs mecnierebis
patriarqebis es mravalmxrivoba, masStaburoba da, imave dros, kvle-
vis siRrme da meTodologiuri safuZvlianoba.
varlam Tofuriac, rogorc maTi mrwemi Tanamosagre, rogorc
iTqva, erTdroulad mraval asparezze iRvwis da yvelgan gamorCeul
kvals aRbeWdavs. gansakuTrebulia misi damsaxureba mTis kavkasiuri
da qarTveluri enebis monacemTa aRweriTi Seswavlis saqmeSi. male
aris dasaZlevi enaTa aRweriTi Seswavlis etapi, radgan istoriul-
SedarebiTi `friadi samkali~ aRar icdis. gana TviTonve ar aRniS-
navda, _ araTu SedarebiTi nakvalevi, qarTveluri ena-kiloebis sa-
fuZvliani aRwerac ara gvaqvso! qarTvelologiis oqros fonds
ekuTvnis v. Tofurias aRweriTi gamokvlevebi; maT Soris gansakuTre-
buli mniSvnelobisaa `svanuri zmna~ _ cocxali enobrivi monaceme-
bis usrulesi da uzustesi aRweriT, mdidari empiriuli masaliT,
svanuri zmnis rTuli sistemis srulyofili agebiT... magram varlam
Tofurias mTavari stiqia mainc ara sivrculi aRwera, aramed siR-
8 a a rab ul i
.
rmuli (istoriuli) Ziebaa. es aris misi mecnieruli bunebis arsebi-
Ti niSani. qarTveluri enobrivi samyarodan swored svanuri _ ro-
gorc fonetikuri qartexilebis gansakuTrebuli nakvalevis matare-
beli _ aRmoCnda v. Tofurias mecnieruli SesaZleblobebis mTavari
sajildao qva. misi ZiriTadi monapovrebic, aRniSnulTan erTad, Si-
nagani da SedarebiTi rekonstruqciis sferos ganekuTvneba. TviT
aRweriTi lingvistikis etalon `svanur zmnaSi~, sadac ki amisi Se-
saZlebloba Seiqmneba, mkvlevari SemTxvevas ar tovebs, rom didmniS-
vnelovani SedarebiTi Tu istoriuli aqcenti ar gaakeTos... magali-
Tad, gv. 242: aq aRiwereba xmovanmonacvle zmnuri fuZeebi svanurSi
da am monacemebis gamovlena saxelebSi: sid (`darCenilia~), bac (`Se-
iZleba~)... da aqve fundamenturi mniSvnelobis komentari Sedarebi-
Ti Ziebis TvalsazrisiT: `saWiroa dagrovdes masalebi da saTanadod
gaSuqdes es saintereso II jgufis zmnebi qarTul-megrulis moSvelie-
biT: bz. li-tyec `rRveva~, Sdr. tkeC-i...~
amave dros, rodesac mkvlevari ukve intensiurad muSaobs sva-
nurze, igi seriozulad gadaerTveba kidev erTi mimarTulebiT _
iwyebs erT-erTi daRestnuri enis _ lakuris _ Seswavlas da ram-
denime safuZvlisCamyrel naSroms qmnis am enis masalaze. amiT igi
kidev erTxel warmoCndeba, rogorc farTo Tvalsawierisa da didi
masStabis mkvlevari.
varlam Tofurias mTavari mecnieruli interesi mainc qarTve-
lur enaTa istoriuli bunebis Ziebas, misi fonologiisa Tu mo-
rfologiuri struqturebis siRrmul kvlevas daukavSirda da am mi-
marTulebiT man araerTi saidumlos gasaRebsac miagno. dgindeba
zusti fonologiuri wesebi da distribuciis kanonebi; irkveva
fleqsiisa Tu derivaciis struqturuli kanonzomierebani; istoria
sul ufro da ufro xelSesaxebi xdeba...
da aq SeuZlebelia mcireoden gadaxvevas ar mivmarToT, ar aR-
vniSnoT iseTi ram, rasac dRemde, vgonebT, sagangebod aravin Sexe-
bia, uTuod _ rogorc isedac naTel WeSmaritebas:
XX saukunis I naxevarSi qarTulma SemoqmedebiTma inteligen-
ciam da, pirvel rigSi, mecnierebma pirwmindad mouges imperias (jer
_ caristulsa da Semdeg _ komunistur imperias) erisaTvis brZo-
la. am SemTxvevaSi es cneba erovnul enasac gulisxmobs, erovnul
kulturasac da, SeiZleba iTqvas, sarwmunoebasac. Cven ara gvaqvs sa-
