X-Ray Spectroscopy

289 Pages·2016·20.46 MB·English

by  Sharma Sh.K. (Ed.)

X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY

Edited by Shatendra K. Sharma
X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY

Edited by Shatendra K. Sharma
X-Ray Spectroscopy
Edited by Shatendra K. Sharma

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First published January, 2012
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

X-Ray Spectroscopy, Edited by Shatendra K. Sharma
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-307-967-7

Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 XRF Processes and Techniques 1
Chapter 1 X-Ray Spectroscopy Tools for
the Characterization of Nanoparticles 3
Murid Hussain, Guido Saracco and
Nunzio Russo
Chapter 2 A Practical Application of X-Ray
Spectroscopy in Ti-Al-N and Cr-Al-N Thin Films 21
Leonid Ipaz, William Aperador, Julio Caicedo,
Joan Esteve and Gustavo Zambrano
Chapter 3 High Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy
with Compound Semiconductor
Detectors and Digital Pulse Processing Systems 39
Leonardo Abbene and Gaetano Gerardi
Chapter 4 Analysis of the K Satellite
Lines in X-Ray Emission Spectra 65
M. Torres Deluigi and J. Díaz-Luque
Chapter 5 Application of Wavelength
Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy in
X-Ray Trace Element Analytical Techniques 81
Matjaž Kavčič
Part 2 Characterization and Analytical Applications of X-Rays 99
Chapter 6 The Use of Electron Probe MicroAnalysis to Determine
the Thickness of Thin Films in Materials Science 101
Frédéric Christien, Edouard Ferchaud,
Pawel Nowakowski and Marion Allart
VI Contents

Chapter 7 Chemical Quantification of Mo-S, W-Si and
Ti-V by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy 119
Carlos Angeles-Chavez, Jose Antonio Toledo-Antonio and
Maria Antonia Cortes-Jacome
Chapter 8 Quantification in X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry 137
Rafał Sitko and Beata Zawisza
Chapter 9 The Interaction of High Brightness
X-Rays with Clusters or Bio-Molecules 163
Kengo Moribayashi
Chapter 10 Employing Soft X-Rays in Experimental Astrochemistry 185
Sergio Pilling and Diana P. P. Andrade
Chapter 11 X-Ray Analysis on Ceramic
Materials Deposited by Sputtering and
Reactive Sputtering for Sensing Applications 219
Rossana Gazia, Angelica Chiodoni, Edvige Celasco,
Stefano Bianco and Pietro Mandracci
Chapter 12 Application of Stopped-Flow and Time-Resolved
X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy to the Study
of Metalloproteins Molecular Mechanisms 245
Moran Grossman and Irit Sagi
Chapter 13 Nanoscale Chemical Analysis in Various
Interfaces with Energy Dispersive X-Ray
Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy 265
Seiichiro Ii

Preface

Since Roentgen’s discovery in 1885, x-rays have been employed as a diagnostic tool,
first in medical sciences, followed by physics, material and engineering sciences, and
today almost in every field. The applications of x-rays are versatile even in those areas
where they were least expected to have use just ten years back. The material
characterization using x-rays is a well explored field since the beginning of the 20th
century. Many processes have been standardized and are fast and compact enough to
give instant results. Over the years, the production techniques and design of such
instruments have also changed a lot from Crook’s tube to synchrotron and to x-ray
lasers. Today, the x-ray based instruments have attained the status of simple and fast
analytical tools that are used in characterization of materials of biological, physical,
chemical, archeological, geological, and material science. The processes of x-ray
emission are well studied, and new applications of x-ray as a tool are being explored
and developed every day. The progress in detector instrumentation and data
acquisition techniques over past few decades has enhanced the precision and the
speed of characterization using x-rays. The present book is a collection of contributions
from the authors who are expert researchers in their fields involving x-ray processes
and techniques. The book has been divided into two sections.
The first section is on XRF Processes and Techniques, with chapters on the study and
investigations related to x-ray emission processes, instrumentation, data acquisition,
spectra, and analysis techniques.
The second section is dedicated to the Characterization and Analytical Applications of
X-Rays, and includes the chapters related to the x-ray spectroscopic techniques for
analysis of material, nanoparticles, and thin films.

Shatendra K. Sharma
Professor and Director
University Science Instrumentation Centre
Jawaharlal Nehru University
New Delhi
India

Part 1
XRF Processes and Techniques