WWF Handbook for Negotiating Fishing Access Agreements

142 Pages·2001·0.88 MB·English

Promoting Sustainable
Fisheries Conservation and Management
A Handbook for
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A Handbook for
Negotiating
Fishing Access
Agreements

Promoting Sustainable
Fisheries Conservation and Management
A Handbook for
Negotiating
Fishing Access
Agreements
Will Martin
Michael Lodge
John Caddy
Kwame Mfodwo

TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD....................................................................................................ix
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................1
Historical Context ...............................................................................1
Key Principles ......................................................................................2
Reducing risks to resource sustainability
in fishing access agreements ............................................................3
SECTION 2
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN ACCESS AGREEMENTS.................................9
Access Authorization.........................................................................................9
Payments..........................................................................................................12
Best Fisheries Management Practices ............................................................15
Catch and Effort Restrictions ...........................................................15
Vessel Reporting Requirements........................................................21
Cooperation in Scientific Research .................................................23
Discards, Waste and Non-Target Species.........................................26
Flag State Responsibilities...............................................................................28
Compliance and Enforcement........................................................................32
Monitoring, Control and Surveillance.............................................32
Enforcement.......................................................................................34
Dispute Settlement..........................................................................................36 vii
Transparency....................................................................................................39
A HANDBOOK FOR NEGOTIATING FISHING ACCESS AGREEMENTS
SECTION 3
MODEL FISHERIES ACCESS AGREEMENTS ...........................................41
Model Agreement One....................................................................................43
Government to Government Access Agreement.............................43
Model Agreement Two....................................................................................63
Government to Government Access Agreement
With Subsidiary Agreement..............................................................63
Model Agreement Three.................................................................................91
Access Agreement Between Government
and Fishing Company Concerning Fishing Activities
in the Exclusive Economic Zone................................................91
SECTION 4
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ADDITIONAL
SOURCES OF INFORMATION..................................................................107
viii
FOREWORD
he following Model Fishing Access Handbook is offered by the authors
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and World Wildlife Fund to coastal States and distant water fishing States
interested in the sustainable development and conservation of marine
fisheries resources in coastal State exclusive economic zones and adjacent high
seas areas.The handbook is intended for use by parties in the negotiation of
bilateral and regional fishing access arrangements in developing State EEZ’s.
World Wildlife Fund believes that promoting sustainability in the context
offishing access arrangements is essential to the protection ofthe biological
diversity ofthe world’s oceans.To this end,in 1998 WWF published a series
ofpapers entitled,“The Footprint ofDistant Water Fleets on World Fisheries”.
One ofthe issues enumerated in those papers was the concern that fishing access
agreements need to be negotiated with a clear understanding ofboth the coastal
States and distant water fishing nations that they are required to meet certain
international legal norms.In order to effectively address this issue,WWF envi-
sioned a collaborative discussion ofknowledgeable individuals with an eye to
providing their insights,knowledge and advice to parties interested in the incor-
poration ofthese international norms in their negotiations.
Accordingly, WWF sought the involvement of several internationally
recognized experts in the field offisheries management and conservation.WWF
invited Will Martin,Michael Lodge,John Caddy and Kwame Mfodwo to attend
an initial three day meeting in Rome,Italy in November,1999 to discuss their
views on the key principles necessary to promote the sustainable development
ofconservation oriented fisheries access arrangements.Will Martin,Senior Fellow
with World Wildlife Fund,served as the meeting chair.At that meeting the
authors agreed on a set of principles for such arrangements.Following that
meeting and over the year,the authors collectively drafted the provisions of
this handbook with Will Martin serving as executive editor.The principles,
ix