Table Of ContentWIRJiliiEI�
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ANDO THEERS SAYS
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GEOrtGI LUIIKACS
WIRJTEI�
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CI�ITIC
ANDO THERE SSAYS
Workbsy G eorLgu kacpsu blisbhyeT dh eU niverLsiablr ary
ESSAYSO N THOMAS MANN
GOETHE AND HISA GE
STUDIESI NE UROPEAN REALISM
WlRJilllEl�
&
ClRJillliC
AND OTHERE SSAYS
GEORLGU KACS
Editaendd t ranslated
by
ArthuDr. K ahnP,h .D.
ChairmDaenp,a rtmoefnC tl assics
BrocUkn iverOsnittayr,Ci aon,a da
'
TheU niverLsiablr ary
Publishers GROSSET & DUNLAP New York
A NATIONAL GENERAL COMPANY
@ THE MERLIN PRESS LTD. 1970
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG NUMBER: 73-158769
ISBN:0 -448-025(00H-a0r d)
ISBN:0 -448-002(59S-o0f t)
UNIVERSAL LIBRARY EDITION,1 971
BY ARRANGEMENT WITH THE MERLIN PRESS LTD.
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Contents
Page
Preface 7
Art andO bjectiTvreu th 25
Marxa ndE ngeolnsA esthetics 61
The Ideaolf t heH armonioMuasn m Bourgeois
Aesthetics 89
Healthoyr S icAkr t? 103
NarraotreD escribe? 110
TheI ntellePchtyusailo gnionmC yh aracterizati1o4n9
TheW ritearn dt heC ritic 189
PushkiPnl'asc ien W orldL iterature 227
Preface
THE essaasysse mbleidn t hibso oko riginaaplpleya riend
Moscowa ndB udapedsutr intgh et hirtainesdf ortitesh,ai ts ,
undetrh eS talainndR akorseig imIetsi .sn oth artdo s eteo day
thatth em aind irectoifto hne se ewsassai ynos p posittioto hne
dominalnitt ertahreyo royft het ime. Stalhiinfs o alnldo wers
demandetdh atl iteraptruorvei tdaec tiscuaplp otrott heir
currepnotl itipcoalli ciAecsc.o rdingallyla, r tw as tobe
subordinabtoetidh,n t hep ositainvden egatisveen steo,t hese
needsO.n lya cceptacbhlaer actaenrdss ituatiiodnesaa,sn d
emotiownesr et obe introducoendl,ym ateriaadla ptetdo
theipro licainedsn othinggo inbge yontdh espeo liciAses .
everyoknneo wsn,o o penp olemiwcesr ep ossibdluer intgh at
perioYde.tI d idp rotescto nsistaegnatilnsysu tc ah c onception
ofl iteraAt urreev.i voafMl a rxa ndL eninv'ise wrse garding
thec omplicadtieadl ecrtiiccih,n c ontradicbteitowne,et nh e
politaincdas lo cipaols itioofwn rsi tearnsdt heiarc tuwaolr ks,
ranc ountteorZ hdanovp'rse scripItnie oxnpso.u ndisnugc h
ands imilvaire wtsh rouagnha lyosfesa Balzaocra TolstIo y,
noto nloyff eread t heoriyno pposittioto hneo fficialli nbeu t
alsboy cleairm plicaat icorni tioqfut eh eo fficialli terature.
As manyd ocuments tahtotseIes c tr,i ticwiezreewd e lalw are
ofw hatI w asd oing.
Thee xamplIea sd ducetdoc ontrwaisttth h eg reawto rkosf
thep aswte ren ots elecftreodm socliiatleirsatat luornebe u t
fromw orkosf d ecadebnotu rgesocihso oalsws e lTlh.e r eason
wasn ots imptlayc tiDcuarli.n tgh et hirtmiyes R ussifarni ends
andI weren ott heo nloyn ecsr itiocfat lh ea rtisqtuiacl ities
ofs ocialliitsetr aTthuerrewe.as ,i na dditinoons ,m alglr oup
whow erep reparteodc utt hemselovffe fsr omt heR ussian
realistic tradiistt,hi eot nrsa di(ttoihfoaT notsl stCohye,k hov,
Gorkia ndS holokhaonvd)w eres eekian sgo lutitootn h eir
7
8 PREFACE
aestheptriocb lemsa nai pnp ropriaotfti hoenJ oyceasnt yle.
Theye ven consitdheenr aetdu raliinsf ma shiaotnt het ime,
the" newo bjectivwiittyih"t t se chnioqfuj eo urnalmiosntic
tageas, ap ossibelffee ctinveewd irectMiyo nc.r itisctauld ies
thuwse red irectaegda intswto f ron:ts a gaintshtes chematic
deadlesisn and impoverishomfe snotc ialliistte rataunrde
againtshto se movementssa lsveaetkiiinfon ongl lowWiensgt ern
avant-garde schoIo tlhsi.n bkaW chkte not hipse riondo w,
moret hatnh iryteya rlsa teIrfi ,n dt hisst rugognlt ew of ronts
evenm orep rofounjdulsyt itfiheadIn didt henF.o ri fc ertain
exponeonftt sh ea rtisatviacn t-ganrodwre e prestehnetm selves
asi nveteraanttei -Staltihneicysa tnds o,s oo nlbeyc austeh eir
worko ft hapte riohdas properflayl liennt oob liviIonnf .a ct,
itd idn otd ifefra ta lplh ilosophaincdap lollyi tifcraolmlt yh e
crassn aturalainsdsm c hematoismf t heS tali"nciosnts truction
novels".
I soughotn,t heo thehra ndt,o r evitvheer ealitsrta ditoifo n
richnienssc onteanntdf orman dt oc ombatth eb arrsecnh ema
tisomf t heo fficialli terantoutor nel iyn r egatrodi ttse chnique
andi tsar tistaipcp roacbuht a lsion r egartdo i tfsu nda
mentaplr inciprleegsa rditnhge r epresentoaft ipoeonp le
andl ifaen dt oo pent hew ayt hroumgyh critictismoa new
great literatuorfee nccaopmapbaslseil nigfin e thea geo f
socialism.
Suchw ast her ationfaoltreh ees saysa ssemblheedr eI.ft hey
aret or eappenaorwa q uartceern tulrayt ienra newl anguage,
thirsa tionmaulsetb eu nderstoeovde tnh ougahn u nderstand
ingo ft hirsa tionalaolneec annojtu sttihfeyri era ppearaInnc e.
facth,o wever, prtohbel ewmhsi cthh eyt reahta ven otl ost
theisri gnificaanndcm ea yh avee vemno rem eaninngo wt han
att heiorr igipnuabll ication.
My frieAnrdt huKra hn,w hoh as painstaktirnagnlsyl ated
these essaywsas,, i nm y opinieonnt,i rceolryr eicnet l iminating
fromt het expto lemipcesr tinaetnt th et imoef p ublicaitni on
ordebry,t hipsr unintgo,e xposmeo reef fectivwehlayt i so f
lastsiinggn ificaAsn ac ree.s uolftt h ise dititnhge, tperxeste nted
int hisv olumiese ntirreellye vtaonc tu rrepnrto bleImnsd.e ed
thec ontemporsairgyn ificoafnt chee sesesa ysi sa ttesbtyet dh e
