World Internet Development Report 2018: Blue Book of World Internet Conference

202 Pages·2020·5.173 MB·English

by  Chinese Academy of Cyberspace Studies

Chinese Academy of
Cyberspace Studies
World Internet
Development
Report 2018
Blue Book of World Internet Conference
Translated by Peng Ping
World Internet Development Report 2018
Chinese Academy of Cyberspace Studies
World Internet Development
Report 2018
Blue Book of World Internet Conference
123
ChineseAcademy of Cyberspace Studies
Beijing,China
Translated by
PengPing
Beijing ForeignStudies University
Beijing,China
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Foreword
Today, information technology is changing day by day, represented by digitaliza-
tion,networking,andintelligence,contributingtothedevelopmentofeconomyand
society, national governance systems and governance capacity, and the people’s
increasingdemandforabetterlife.Meanwhile,Internetdevelopmenthasgivenrise
to new challenges to all countries’ sovereignty, security, and interests. It is the
common goal and vision of the international community to promote the sustaining
development of theInternet so that all nations can share theInternet development’
achievements. The goal requires joint effort and participation of all countries.
Against this backdrop, we have compiled the World Internet Development
Report 2018 (“the Report” for short hereinafter) to study and analyze the world
Internet development, summarize the past experience, analyze the present status,
and manifest the Chinese academic circles’ knowledge and thinking of the world
Internetdevelopment,providingnewreferenceandintelligentsupportfortheglobal
Internet development. Three efforts have been made in the Report as follows:
WeAlwaysTakePresidentXiJinping’sThoughtsonInternational
Cyberspace Governance as the Theoretical Basis for Exploring
the Chinese Solution to the World Internet Development
and Governance
TheglobalInternetgovernancesystemhasenteredacriticalperiod,inwhichideas
on international governance of the Internet coexist, competing and communicating
with each other. There is a rising voice for an inclusive solution. Mr. Xi Jinping,
President of the People’s Republic of China, has illustrated international Internet
governance on many important international occasions, especially the “four prin-
ciples” on promoting the global Internet governance system reform and the “five
proposals” on building a community of shared future in cyberspace, which have
won extensive praise and universal recognition from the international community
v
vi Foreword
and provided the Chinese solution to the world Internet development and gover-
nance. The Report will take President Xi’s thought on international cyberspace
governance as the theoretical basis and main thread running through, comprehen-
sively illustrate his thoughts, ideas and proposals on cyberspace governance, and
objectively and comprehensively interpret the Chinese solution to Internet gover-
nance. It is aimed to provide a new choice for global Internet development and
governance and contribute to promoting the building of a community of shared
future in cyberspace.
We Always Take the Practices of the World Internet
Development as the Research Basis for Compiling
the Report into a Mini-Encyclopedia About the Internet
Since the beginning of the Internet, information technology has been developing
fastandhascomprehensivelybeenintegratedintosocialproductionandlife,witha
great impact on the pattern of global economy, interests, and security. Major
countries all take the Internet as their strategic focus and priority of development
and speed up its construction. They have had new practices, measures, and
achievements in the areas from technology to application and from Internet
developmenttocyberspacegovernance.TheReport,focusingonthestatusquoand
trend of the world Internet development as well as the practices and achievements
of all countries’ Internet development, especially the new situation and new pro-
gress in 2018, reviews and analyzes the development of key Internet areas such as
network infrastructure, information technology, digital economy, e-governance,
network media, cybersecurity and Internet law construction, and international
cyberspace governance, showing the new technologies, new applications, and new
trend of the world Internet development in 2018. It is a panoramic research
achievement covering all areas of the world Internet development.
We Try to Make Everything Comprehensive, Accurate, and
Objective and to Improve the Assessment System of Global
Internet Development Research
The Report is aimed to be international, authoritative, and accurate as well as
instructive,theoretical,andgeneral.Wetrytointerprettheglobalsituationfromthe
ChineseperspectivetopredictfutureInternetdevelopment.Inparticular,theWorld
InternetDevelopmentIndexwereleasedlastyear,isaspecific,standardapplication
of President Xi’sthoughtson international cyber governance.It helped tomeasure
the general situation of the world Internet development from the Chinese per-
spective, winning the international community’s attention and causing great
Foreword vii
sensationonceitwasreleased.Thisyear’sindexisconsistentwiththatindex,with
some adjustment of the indicators and some expansion of assessment scope. We
have collected more data to showcase the world Internet development more com-
prehensively, accurately, and objectively.
The Report is a tentative study of Chinese academic circles in providing an
original and theoretical reference for the world Internet governance. We will con-
tinue to pay attention to the world Internet development and keep proposing ideas
to help all countries to benefit from the world Internet development and to con-
tribute Chinese wisdom and effort to the building of a community of shared future
in cyberspace.
Beijing, China China Academy of Cyberspace
October 2018
Contents
1 Development of World Information Infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Broadband Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.1 Increasing Percentage of Fiber Broadband,
with Its Accessibility Toward Gigabits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.2 Increasing Number of 4G Users and 5G Technology
on Its Fast Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.3 Advancing IPv6 Commercial Deployment and Healthy
Development of Its Industrial Ecosystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2.4 Interconnection of Network Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2.5 Fast Developing Space-Based Internet, Which Has
Been Laid Out by All Countries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.2.6 Innovative Universal Telecommunication Service
Facilitating Network Construction and Application
in Rural Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.3 Application Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.3.1 Intensification and Globalization of Data Centers
and Cloud Computing Platforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.3.2 Rapidly Developing CDN Industry and Integration
of New Technologies into CDN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.3 Steady Development of NB-IoT and EMTC
and Increasing Popularization of IoT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.3.4 Expanding Internet Exchange Centers and Rapidly
Rising Cloud Interconnection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.3.5 Uneven Distribution of Basic Internet Resources
and Uneven National Networking Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2 World Network Information Technology Development. . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.1 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2 Steady Innovative Development of Network Information
Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
ix
x Contents
2.2.1 Continuous Breakthroughs of Advanced Computing
Technology in Computing Capacity Limit. . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.2.2 Rapid Renewal of IC Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.2.3 Cloud Tending to Be Integrated with Software
Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.3 Cutting-Edge Hotspot Technology Highlights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.3.1 Fast Development and Application of AI Technology . . . . 31
2.3.2 Progress in Blockchain Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.3.3 Quantum Information Technology Leading
to New Waves of Industry and Research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.3.4 Steady Development of IoT Sensing Technology. . . . . . . . 38
2.4 Integrated Development of Network Information Technology
and Traditional Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.4.1 Accelerated Intelligent Manufacturing Technology
Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.4.2 Expanding Intelligent Medical Technology Application . . . 40
2.4.3 Maturing Automatic Driving Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3 World Digital Economy Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.1 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.2 Generally Fast-Developing IT Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.2.1 Accelerated Recovery of Electronic Information
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.2.2 Recovering Basic Telecommunication Industry
of the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.2.3 Rapid Development of Information Technology Service. . . 52
3.2.4 Ecologicalized Competition Shaping Super-Businesses. . . . 54
3.3 Explosive Growth of Intelligent Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.3.1 Increasing Scale of Intelligent Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.3.2 The United States, Japan and Germany Leading
the Global Intelligent Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.3.3 Wide Application of Intelligent Devices Represented
by Robots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.3.4 Cultivation and Application of the Industrial Internet
APPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.4 Rapidly Developing Global E-Commerce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.4.1 Online Retail Boosting the Global Retail Market. . . . . . . . 58
3.4.2 Major Drive in Emerging Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.4.3 Thriving Global Cross-Border e-Commerce. . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.5 Digital Technology Leading the Transformation
of the Service Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.5.1 Thriving Sharing Economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.5.2 Deep Integration Between Digital Technology
and Livelihood Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Contents xi
3.5.3 Accelerated Digitalization of Productive Service
Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.6 Rapid Development of Fintech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.6.1 Trend of Global Fintech. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.6.2 Deployment of Major Countries and Regions . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.6.3 Rapid Development of Lending and Payment . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.7 New Trend of Global Investment Brought About by Digital
Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.7.1 Stable Percentage of Investment in Telecommunication . . . 69
3.7.2 Substantial Growth of the Semiconductor Market . . . . . . . 69
3.7.3 Active Investment in e-Commerce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.7.4 Active Investment and Financing in Internet
Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.7.5 Increasing Amount and Price of Digital Health
Financing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3.7.6 New High in Assessed Value of Businesses . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4 Opening-Up of Global Government Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.1 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4.2 History of Opening-Up of Government Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.2.1 Rudiment Period of Opening-Up of Government Data. . . . 76
4.2.2 Extensive Stage of Government Data Opening Up. . . . . . . 76
4.2.3 Development Period of Opening-Up of Government
Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
4.3 Status Quo of Opening-Up of Global Government Data . . . . . . . . 78
4.3.1 Increasingly Open Government Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
4.3.2 Improving Open Government Data Platforms . . . . . . . . . . 80
4.3.3 Imbalanced Development of Global Government
Data Opening-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4.3.4 Improving Guarantee Measures for Open Data . . . . . . . . . 85
4.4 Challenges to Open Government Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4.4.1 High-Value Data Opening-Up to Be Enhanced . . . . . . . . . 86
4.4.2 Digital Divide to Be Closed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4.4.3 Data Upgrading and Maintenance to Be Enhanced . . . . . . 87
4.4.4 Great Challenges to Privacy and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4.4.5 Governmental Collaboration Capability to Be Improved. . . 87
4.5 Trends of Opening-Up of Government Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
4.5.1 Deepening of Technology-Driven Government Data
Opening-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
4.5.2 Open Government Data Enhancing the Capability
of Governance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
4.5.3 Open Government Data Ushering in New Industries . . . . . 88