World History Encyclopedia [21 volumes]

8026 Pages·2011·144.35 MB·English

by  Alfred J. Andrea

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World History Encyclopedia
VOLUME 1 An Introduction to World History
VOLUME 2 Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society
VOLUMES 3, 4 Era 2: Early Civilizations, 4000–1000 BCE
VOLUMES 5, 6 Era 3: Classical Traditions, 1000 BCE–300 CE
VOLUMES 7, 8 Era 4: Expanding Regional Civilizations, 300–1000
VOLUMES 9, 10 Era 5: Intensified Hemispheric Interactions, 1000–1500
VOLUMES 11, 12, 13 Era 6: The First Global Age, 1450–1770
VOLUMES 14, 15, 16 Era 7: The Age of Revolutions, 1750–1914
VOLUMES 17, 18 Era 8: Crisis and Achievement, 1900–1945
VOLUMES 19, 20 Era 9: Promises and Paradoxes, 1945–Present
VOLUME 21 Index
World History Encyclopedia
An Introduction to World History Volume 1
■
VOLUME EditOr
Carolyn Neel
GEnEraL EditOr
Alfred J. Andrea
aSSOciatE GEnEraL EditOr
Carolyn Neel
Copyright 2011 by ABC-CLIO, LLC
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, elec-
tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for
the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in
writing from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
World history encyclopedia / Alfred J. Andrea, general editor ; Carolyn
Neel, associate general editor.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-85109-929-0 (hard copy : alk. paper) —
ISBN 978-1-85109-930-6 (ebook)
1. World history—Encyclopedias. 2. History—Encyclopedias.
I. Andrea, Alfred J., 1941– II. Neel, Carolyn.
D9.W67 2011
909—dc22 2010045324
EAN: 978-1-85109-929-0
EAN (Ebook): 978-1-85109-930-6
15 14 13 12 11 1 2 3 4 5
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Visit www.abc-clio.com for details.
ABC-CLIO, LLC
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Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911
This book is printed on acid-free paper
Manufactured in the United States of America
Volume 1 Contents
World History Encyclopedia Staff, vii
Volume 1 Contributors, ix
SEctiOn 1
Introduction and Preface
What Is World History?, 1
■■
Alfred J. Andrea and Carolyn Neel
Preface: This World History Encyclopedia, 5
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Alfred J. Andrea and Carolyn Neel
SEctiOn 2
What Historians Do and Why They Do It
Introduction, 11
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Carolyn Neel
How Does World History Differ from
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National and Regional Histories?, 13
Tom Laichas
Ever-Changing Perspectives, 19
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Heather Streets
Picturing World History, 29
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David J. Staley
What Can We Learn from History?
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The Role of Social Scientists and Others, 41
Rick Szostak
Writing World History, 47
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Luigi Cajani
Teaching World History in Secondary Schools, 59
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Margaret Favretti
SEctiOn 3
The Overarching Issues, Seeing the Big Picture
Introduction, 67
■■
Carolyn Neel
Humans and the Natural World: The Long View, 69
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J. R. McNeill
v
vi  |  VOLUME 1 CONTENTS
A Brief History of Human Society, 77
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Douglas S. Massey
Regional Geography and World History, 111
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Donald N. Rallis and Melina A. Patterson
Migration in Human History, 173
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Patrick Manning
Language Evolution and the History of Languages, 183
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Harald Haarmann
Cosmology and Religion:
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The Human Quest for Meaning, 193
Todd Duncan
Humans, the Tool Makers, 201
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Marvin Kay
Technology in World History, 207
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William E. Burns
The Origins of Agriculture, 215
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Kevin M. McGeough
Urbanization, 221
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Howard Spodek
The Evolution of Complex Political Organizations, 239
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Paul Roscoe
Industrialization in World History, 255
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Carolyn Neel
Globalization and World History, 265
■■
Erik Gilbert
Glossary, 275
World History Encyclopedia Staff
Project Editors Production
Carolyn Neel Donald Schmidt
Fred Nadis Vicki Moran
Josef Castañeda-Liles Christian Green
Kristine Swift
Writer-Editors
Abraham Mendoza Media
Monique Vallance Caroline Price
Jonathan Sciarcon Ellen Rasmussen
Project Coordinator Interns
Jeanie Azizian Kevin Boehm
Katie Gress
Editorial Assistants
Logan Craig
Ashley Hyder
Kimberly Peterson
Acknowledgments
Special thanks to the following scholars whose expertise made this project possible: William E. Burns,
whose scholarship, scope of knowledge, and contributions helped shape our coverage in several eras,
and Fritz Blackwell, an editor extraordinaire. We are also indebted to Candice Goucher, Harald
Haarmann, Jonathan Reynolds, Jane R. McIntosh, and Eric G. Swedin.
vii
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