Table Of ContentWorkshop technology
Part I
An introductory course
Workshop technology
Part I
An introductory course
SI UNITS
Dr. W. A. J. CHAPMAN
MSc (Eng), FIMechE, HonFIProdE
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LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published by Butterworth-Heinemann
This edition published 2011 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
First published in Great Britain 1943
Second edition 1955
Third edition 1959
Fourth edition 1962
Fifth edition 1972
Copyright © 1972, W A J Chapman. All rights reserved
The right of WA J Chapman to be identified as the author of this work has been
asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including
photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not
transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written
permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by
the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England
WIT 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder's written permission to reproduce
any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-0-415-50302-0
Preface to first
edition
The scheme of the present work was in my mind, and partly on paper,
before the present catastrophe overtook us, and, with many other works
of peaceful construction, was shelved. The trend of events, however,
indicate that its publication should be of value to the war effort, so that I
have persevered in completing this first portion.
My chief regret is that I was not qualified to write it fifteen years ago.
At that time the status of our artisan workers was being allowed to fall
relative to other members of the community. The artisan professions were
neglected by educationalists, by writers and by public thought, a state of
affairs which led to a dearth of suitably qualified prospective workers.
What this policy has cost us cannot be assessed, but it is now obvious that
it almost brought us to disaster.
That the artisan is worthy of a reasonable social position can be testified
by those who have lived and worked with him. That the work he does
calls for high skill and training should be evident from jobs such/ as
that of turning the pair of rolls shown at Figs 39 and 41, an operation
demanding a level of performance comparable with that in many so-called
professions.
I have written for the men who do such work and for those who aspire
to it. It is difficult to compromise between academic theory and everyday
practice, but it is hoped that the fundamental principles underlying work-
shop processes have been clearly explained and that the reader will be able
to understand more easily the processes described and to perform them in
the workshop. The work covered in this volume is approximately that of
the first two years of a senior part-time course in Technical Colleges and
includes most of the material necessary for the City and Guilds Inter-
mediate Examination in Machine Shop Engineering. It should also be use-
ful to students for the preliminary work in Workshop Technology leading
to the Higher National Certificate in Production Engineering.
In the preparation of the diagrams a great deal of help has been given by
the kindness of various firms and institutions. Their names are appended
to the illustrations concerned and I should like to offer them my sincere
thanks. Finally, I feel that the Publishers in producing this book at such a
price, and amid such difficulties, have performed a task worthy of
commendation.
W.A.J.C.
Oakengates 1943
Preface to the fifth
edition
The fifth edition of this book marks somewhat of a landmark in its career.
To keep abreast of modem developments it is 'going metric' and this new
edition has been revised to conform with the SI metric system of units and
conventions. The Fourth edition, in British imperial units, will still be
available for use in those countries where the SI system has not yet been
adopted.
A further noteworthy aspect in the career of Workshop Technology is
that, since it was first published in 1943, its circulation has exceeded
-! million copies and it has found friends in all parts of the world.
The need to preserve high standards of quality in the workshop and a
dedicated approach on the part of technicians and craftsmen is just as
important now as it was at the time of the first publication. So, also, is the
need to provide suitable and reliable information for those outside the
workshop who seek the help of the book.
I have amended the text, where necessary, to cover developments in
practice and equipment, and, on this account, I should like to record my
appreciation to the firms and individuals who have given generous help
and advice. The Publishers, as always, have produced a good job and I
hope that the book will continue to further the aims I entertained when I
originally produced it.
W.A.J.C.
Hatfield 1971
Contents
1 Introduction - materials - iron and steel
Introduction - Materials - Pure iron - Blast furnace - Pig
iron - Cast iron -Alloy cast irons - Cupola - Wrought
iron - Puddling process - Malleable cast iron - Steel -
Open hearth - Bessemer - Carbon steel - Crucible and
electric processes 1
2 The properties and treatment of iron and steel
Brittleness - Ductility - Elasticity - Hardness - Malleability -
Plasticity - Toughness - Microstructure of steel - Effect of
heating steel - Critical range - Heat treatment of steel -
Furnaces and furnace temperatures - Pyrometers - Reasons
for heat treatment - Annealing - Normalising - Hardening
and tempering - Hot and cold working - Case-hardening -
Workshop tests for iron and steel 31
3 Non-ferrous metals and alloys - Alloy steels - Preparation
of metals
Aluminium and its alloys - Copper and its alloys - Lead -
Tin and alloys - Bearing metals - Bronze - Zinc - Brass -
Alloy steels - High speed steel - Alloy tool steels - Cutting
carbides - 'Rare' metals - Ceramic tools - Hot rolling - Cold
rolling - Cold drawing - Moulding and casting 59
4 Heat processes - forging, riveting, soldering and brazing
Hand forging -The forge and tools - Upsetting - Drawing
down - Bending - Punching - Drifting - Welding - Forging
examples - Power hammers and their tools - Drop forging -
Drop' stamps and dies - Riveting - Soldering - Brazing -
Silver soldering - Adhesive bonding 91
