Workshop on Moon in Transition : Apollo 14, KREEP, and Evolved Lunar Rocks

162 Pages·2012·15.97 MB·English

W ORKSHOP ON

MOON IN TRANSITION:

APOLLO 14, KREEP, AND

EVOLVED LUNAR ROCKS

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LPI Technical Report umber 89-03

I;; LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE 3303 N SA ROAD I HOUSTON, TEXAS 77058-4399

WORKSHOP ON

MOON IN TRANSITION:

APOLLO 14, KREEP, AND EVOLVED LUNAR ROCKS

Edited by
G. J. Taylor and P. H. Warren

Sponsored by

Lunar and Planetary Institute

NASA Johnson Space Center

November 14-16, 1988

Houston, Texas

Lunar and Planetary Institute 3303 NASA Road 1 Houston, Texas n058A399

LPI Technical Report N umber 89~03
Compiled in 1989 by the
LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE
The Institute is operated by Universities Space Research Association under
Contract NASW-4066 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Material in this document may be copied without restraint for library, abstract
service, educational, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any
portion requires the written permission of the authors as well as appropriate
acknowledgment of this publication.
This report may be cited as:
Taylor G. ]. and Warren P. H., eds. (1989) Workshop on Moon in Transition:
Apollo 14 KREEP, and Evolved Lunar Rocks. LPI Tech. RPL 89-03. Lunar and
Planetary Institute, Houston. 156 pp.
Papers in this report may be cited as:
Author A. A. (1989) Title of paper. In Workshop on Moon in Transition: Apollo
14, KREEP, and Evolved Lunar Rocks (G. ]. Taylor and P. H. Warren, eds.), pp.
xx-yy. LPI Tech. RPL 89-03. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston.
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Contents

Preface
Program
Summary of Technical Sessions 7
Abstracts 21
Where is rhe KREEP?
P. E. Clark 23
Pink Spanel T rocrolires in Apollo 14 Breccias
D. T. Co llins and A M. Reid 26
The Problem of Lunar Initial Pb
W. Compston , I. S. Williams , and C. Meyer 29
Apollo 14 Pristine Mare Glasses
]. W. Delano, S. S. Hughes and R. A Schmitt 34
Geologic and Bombardment History of the Apollo 14 Region
B. R. Hawke 38
Highly Evolved Liquids from the Fractionation of Mare and Nonmare Basalts
P. C:. Hes.1 46
Compositional Survey of 2-4 mm Particles from 14161 and Implications Regarding KREEP and Igneous
Components in Apollo 14 Soil
B. L Jolliff, R. L KorcJtev, and L A Haskin 53
Fra Mauro Formation, Apollo 14: I. Composition and Frequency Distribution of Igneous and Impact Metamorphic
Rocks
S Lingner, K. D. Bobe, H. Palme; B. Spettel, D. Stoff/er, and H. Wanke 58
Fra Mauro Formation, Apollo 14: III. C alculated Composition of the Primordial Lunar Crust in the Imbrium
Region
S. Lingner, B. Spettel, and D. Stiiffler 62
The Petrogenesis of Evolved Pristine Rocks
}. Longhi 66
Telescopic Thermal Infrared Measurements of the Mineralogy of Suspected Lunar Silicic Regions: Red Spots Are
Nor Granite
P. G. Lucey and B R. Hawke 71
Zircon-containing Rock Fragments Within Apollo 14 Breccia Indicate Serial Magmatism fr om 4350 to 4000 Million
Years
C. Meyer, I. S. Williams, and W. Compston 75
Silicate Liquid Immiscibility and Crystal Fractionation in a Highly Evolved, KREEPy Magma
R. W. Morris, G.}. Taylor, H. E. Newsom, and S. R. Garcia 79
Apollo 14 Basalt Petrogenesis: Generation from an Olivine-OPX Dominated Mantle, Followed by Crustal
Assimilation and Fractional Crystallization
C R. Neal and L. A. Taylor 82
Lunar Granite Petrogenesis and the Process of Silicate Liquid Immiscibility: The Barium Problem
C R. Neal and L. A. Taylor 89
The Splitting of KREEP into Identifiable Components: The "K-Frac" and "REEP-Frac" Hypothesis
C. R. Neal and L. A. Taylor 94
Elemental Abundances Around Apollo 14 and Other Selected Lunar Regions from the Apollo Gamma-Ray
Spectrometer Experiment
R. C. Reedy 100
Understanding Lunar Mantle Metasomatism: The Terrestrial Mantle Analogy
W.1. Ridley,}. E. Nielson, and H. G. Wilshire 105
The Absence of a Heavy Early Lunar Bombardment, the Prescence of a 3.85 Ga Cataclysm, and the Geological
Context of Apollo 14 Rock Samples
G. Ryder 107
Lunar Crustal Strength and the Large Basin-KREEP·Connection
H. H. Schmitt I I I
An Ion Microprobe Study of Trace Elements in Apollo 14 "Volcanic" Glass Beads and Comparisons to Mare
Basalts
G. K. Shearer,]']' Papike, S. B. Simon, N. Shimizu, H. Hurimoto, and S. Sueno 113
Highland Crust at the Apollo 14 Site: A Review
]. W. Shervais I18
Isotopic Constraints on the Petrogenesis of Apollo 14 Igneous Rocks
C-y. Shih and L. E. Nyquist 128
Fra Mauro Formation, Apollo 14: II. 40Ar_W Ar Ages of Apollo 14 Rocks
F.]. Stadermann, E. Heusser, and E. K. jessherger 137
Brecciated Nature of the Apollo 14 Lunar Sample Suite: A Review
D. SC6ifler 138
Fra Mauro Formation, Apollo 14: IV. Synopsis and Synthesis of Consortium Studies
D. St6ifler, K. D. Babe, E. K. jessberger, S. Lingner, H. Palme, B. Spettel, F. Stadermann, and H. Wanke 145
KREEP: Major-Element Diversity, Trace-Element Uniformity (Almost)
P. H. Warren 149
List of Workshop Participants 155
Preface

This report documents the "Workshop on Moon in Transition:
Apollo 14, KREEP, and Evolved Lunar Rocks," held at the Lunar
and Planetary Institute on November 14-16, 1988. This workshop
was one of a series of meetings organized by the Lunar and Plane­
tary Sample Team (LA PST) to spu r progress on various specialized
topics of lunar and planetary science. The samples from Apollo 14,
i.e., the Fra Mauro highlands, are entirely unlike those acquired
from any other lunar site. Evolved rock types such as KREEP, alkali
anorthosite, and granite are relatively abundant, and alkali-poor or
ferroan anorthosite (widely suspected to be the most common type
of pristine rock in the crust as a whole) is nearly absent. A subordi­
nate but still abundant rock type at the site is mare basalt, the sam­
ples of which also exhibit many distinctive traits. Efforts to unravel
the history of the region have been complicated by the thoroughly
brecciated nature of the rock samples, but recent years have seen
much work aimed at isolating individual clasts within the breccias.
Mare glasses from regolith samples are also targets of considerable
ongoing research. The purpose of this workshop was to utilize the
latest constraints for a new evaluation of the history of the Fra
Mauro highlands, a new evaluation of the nature and history of
KREEP, granite, and other evolved lunar rock types, and ultimately
a fresh evaluation of the transition of the Moon from its early
anorthosite-forming (magma ocean?) period to its later stages of
KREEPy, granitic, and mare magmatism.
The Organizing Committee appointed by LA PST consisted of G.
Jeffrey Taylor, University of New Mexico, and Paul H. Warren,
University of California, Los Angeles, chairmen; B. Ray Hawke,
University of Hawaii; Graham Ryder, Lunar and Planetary Institute;
Paul Spudis, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff; and Lawrence A.
Taylor, University of Tennessee. Logistics and administrative sup­
port were provided by the Projects Office of the Lunar and Plane­
tary Institute-we are deeply grateful to Pam Jones, LeBecca
Turner, and their coworkers for their usual diligent and efficient
organizational work.
G. Jeffrey Taylor and Paul H. Warren

3
Program
Monday Morning, November 14,1988
8:00 'l.m. Regi~tration
9:00 a.m. Introduction to Workshop: G. ]. Tay lor and P. H. Warren
Topic 1 -REGIONAL GEOLOGY AND THE ROLE OF IMPACTS

Chairman: P. Spud is Summarizer: B. R. Hawke

Geological and Bombardment History o( the Apollo 14 Region
B. R. Hawke
Telescopic Measurements o( SiOl Abundances o( Suspected Lunar Silicic Regions: Red Spots Are Not Granite
P Lucey and B. R. Hawke
Elemental Abundances Around Apollo 14 and Other Selected Lunar Regions (rom the Apollo Gamma-Ray
Spectrometer Experiment
R. Reedy
Where is rhe KREEP?
P E. Clark
The Absence o( a Heavy Early Lunar Bombardment, the Presence of a 3.85 Ga Cataclysm, and the Geological Content o(
Apollo 14 Rock Samples
G. Ryder
Monday Afternoon, November 14, 1988
Topic 2 -BRECCIATED NATURE OF THE APOLLO 14 SUITE

Chairman: W. C. Phinney Summarizer: O. B. James

BrecciateJ Narure o( the Apollo 14 Suite
[) .\liiffler
40Ar _ I'JAr Ages of Apollo 14 Rocks
F. ). Seadermann, E. Heus ser, and E. K. Jessberger
Fra Mauro Formation, Apollo 14: I. Composition and Frequency Distribution o( Igneous and Impact Metamorphic Rocks
S. Lingner, K. Bobe, H. Palme, B. Specte/, D. Seaffler, and H. Wanke
Fra Mauro Formation, Apollo 14: Ill. C<1lculated Composition o( the Primordial Lunar Crust in the Imbrium Region
S. Lingner, B. Speecel, and D. Seaffler
Fra Mauro Formation, Apollo 14: IV. Synopsis and Synthesis o( C onsortium Studies
D. Se(ijfler, K. Babe, E. K. Jess berger, S. Lingner, H. Paime, B. Spcuc/, F. Swdermann, and H. Wanke
Topic 3 -WHAT IS KREEP?

Chairman: G. J. Taylor Summarizer: P. H. Warren

KREEP: Major-Element Diversity, Trace-Element Uni(ormity (Almost)
P. H. Warren
Highly Evolved Liquids (rom the Fractionation o( Mare and Nonmare Basalts
P. C. Hess
4 WO'rkshop on Moon in Transirion
The Splitting of KREEP into Identifiable Components: The "K-Frac" and "REEP-FRAC" Hypothesis
C. R. Neal and L. A Taylor
Silicate liquid Immiscibility and Crystal Fractionation in ,1 Highly Evolved KREEPy Magma
R. W. Mrmis, G.]. Taylor, and H. E Newsom
Lunar Crustal Strength and the Large Basin-KREEP Connection
H. H. Schmitt
Tuesday Morning, November 15, 1988
Topic 4 -APOLLO 14 PLUTONIC ROCKS

Chairman: O. B. James Summarizer: M. M. Lindstrom

Highland C rust at the Apollo 14 Site: A Review
]. W. Shervais
Lunar Granite Petrogenesis and the Process of Silicate liquid Immiscibility: The Barium Problem
C. R. Neal and L. A Taylor
Compositional Survey of 2-4 mm Soil Particles from 14161 and Implications Regarding KREEP and Igneous Components in
Apollo 14 Regolith Breccias
B. L Jolliff, R. L. Korotev, and L. A Haskin
Pink Spinel T rocwlites in Apollo 14 Breccias
D. T Collins and A M. Reid
Tuesday Afternoon, November 15,1988
Topic 5 -APOLLO 14 MARE BASALTS

Chairman: J. W. Delano Summarizer: T. Dickinson

Apollo 14 Basalt Petrogenesis: Generation from an Olivine-Opx Dominated Mantle, Followed by Crustal Assimilation and
Fractional Crystallization
C. R. Neal and L. A Taylor
Understanding Lunar Mantle Metasomatism: The Terrestrial Mantle Analogy
W I. Ridley,]. E. Nielson, and H. G. Wilshire
Apollo J4 Pristine Mare Glasses
]. W. Delano, S. S. Hughes, and R. A Schmitt
An Ion Microprobe Study of Trrtce Elements in Apollo 14 "Volcanic" Glass Bertds and Comparisons (0 Mare Basalts
C. K. Shearer, J. J. Parike, S. 13. Simon, N. Sim izu, H. Yurimow, and S. Sueno
Wednesday Morning, November 16, 1988
Topic 6 -ISOTOPIC CONSTRAINTS ON EARLY LUNAR DIFFERENTIATION

Chairman: L. E. Nyquist Summarizer: J. Dasch

Isotopic Constrrtints on the Petrogenesis of Apollo 14 Igneous Rocks
c.-
Y. Shih and L. E. Ny(/uisr
Zircon-Cont,1ining Rock Fragments Within Apollo 14 Breccia Indicate Seri<1i Magmatism from 4350 to 4000
Million Years
C. Meyer, I. S. Williums, and W. Com/>S(()Tl