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Francis Parkman, by Francis Parkman
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Title: Index of the Project Gutenberg Works of Francis Parkman
Author: Francis Parkman
Editor: David Widger
Release Date: January 27, 2019 [EBook #58778]
Language: English
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*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INDEX OF THE PG WORKS OF PARKMAN ***
Produced by David Widger
INDEX OF THE PROJECT
GUTENBERG
WORKS OF
FRANCIS PARKMAN
Compiled by David Widger
PARKMAN
CONTENTS
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table of contents for that volume.
Click on the title itself to open the original online file.
## THE CONSPIRACY OF PONTIAC
## PART 1, FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN NORTH AMERICA SERIES
PIONEERS OF FRANCE IN THE NEW WORLD
## PART 2, FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN NORTH AMERICA SERIES
THE JESUITS IN NORTH AMERICA IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
## PART 3, FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN NORTH AMERICA SERIES
LA SALLE AND THE DISCOVERY OF THE GREAT WEST
## PART 4, FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN NORTH AMERICA SERIES
THE OLD REGIME IN CANADA
## PART 5, FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN NORTH AMERICA SERIES
COUNT FRONTENAC AND NEW FRANCE UNDER LOUIS XIV
## PART 6, V1 FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN NORTH AMERICA SERIES
HALF-CENTURY OF CONFLICT, VOLUME ONE (OF TWO)
## PART 6, V2 FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN NORTH AMERICA SERIES
A HALF-CENTURY OF CONFLICT, VOL II. (of II)
## PART 7, FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN NORTH AMERICA SERIES
MONTCALM AND WOLFE
## HISTORIC HANDBOOK OF THE NORTHERN TOUR
## THE OREGON TRAIL
## VASSALL MORTON
## THE BOOK OF ROSES
TABLES OF CONTENTS OF
VOLUMES
THE CONSPIRACY OF
PONTIAC AND THE INDIAN
WAR
AFTER THE CONQUEST OF
CANADA
Volume. I.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I.
Introductory.—Indian Tribes East of the Mississippi.
15
46
59
79
111
124
General Characteristics.—Tribal Divisions.—Mode of Government.—Social Harmony.—The
Totem.—Classification of Tribes.—The Iroquois.—Their Position and Character.—Their
Political Organization.—Traditions of their Confederacy.—Their Myths and Legends.—Their
Eloquence and Sagacity.—Arts.—Agriculture.—Their Dwellings, Villages, and Forts.—Their
Winter Life.—The War Path.—Festivals and Pastimes.—Pride of the Iroquois.—The Hurons or
Wyandots.—Their Customs and Character.—Their Dispersion.—The Neutral Nation. Its Fate.
—The Eries and Andastes.—Triumphs of the Confederacy.—The Adoption of Prisoners.—The
Tuscaroras.—Superiority of the Iroquois Race.—The Algonquins.—The Lenni Lenape.—Their
changing Fortunes.—The Shawanoes.—The Miamis and the Illinois.—The Ojibwas,
Pottawattamies, and Ottawas.—The Sacs and Foxes.—The Menomonies and Knisteneaux.—
Customs of the Northern Algonquins.—Their Summer and Winter Life.—Legends of the
Algonquins.—Religious Faith of the Indians.—The Indian Character.—Its Inconsistencies.—Its
Ruling Passions.—Pride.—Hero-worship.—Coldness,
Jealousy, Suspicion.—Self-control.—
Intellectual Traits.—Inflexibility.—Generous Qualities.
CHAPTER II.
1663-1763.
France and England in America.
Contrast of French and English Colonies.—Feudalism in Canada.—Priests and Monks.—
Puritanism and Democracy in New England.—French Life in Canada.—Military Strength of
Canada.—Religious Zeal.—Missions.—The Jesuits.—Brebeuf and Lallemant.—Martyrdom of
Jogues.—Results of the Missions.—French Explorers.—La Salle.—His Plan of Discovery.—His
Sufferings.—His Heroism.—He discovers the Mouth of the Mississippi.—Louisiana.—France in
the West.—Growth of English Colonies.—Approaching Collision.
CHAPTER III.
1608-1763.
The French, the English, and the Indians.
Champlain defeats the Iroquois.—The Iroquois Wars.—Misery of Canada.—Expedition of
Frontenac.—Success of the French.—French Influence in the West.—La Verandrye.—The
English Fur-trade.—Protestant and Romish Missions.—The English and the Iroquois.—Policy
of the French.—The Frenchman in the Wigwam.—Coureurs des Bois.—The White Savage.—
The English Fur-trader.—William Penn and his Eulogists.—The Indians and the Quakers.—
Injustice of Penn's Successors.—The Walking Purchase.—Speech of Canassatego.—Removal
of the Delawares.—Intrusion of Settlers.—Success of French Intrigues.—Father Picquet.—Sir
William Johnson.—Position of Parties.
CHAPTER IV.
1700-1755.
Collision of the Rival Colonies.
The Puritan and the Canadian.—Fort Frederic.—Acadia.—The French on the Ohio.—Mission
of Washington.—Trent driven from the Ohio.—Death of Jumonville.—Skirmish at the Great
Meadows.—Alarm of the Indians.—Congress at Albany.—French and English Diplomacy.—
Braddock and Dieskau.—Naval Engagement.—The War in Europe and America.—Braddock
i n Virginia.—March of his Army.—Beaujeu at Fort du Quesne.—Ambuscade at the
Monongahela.—Rout of Braddock.—Its Consequences.—Acadia, Niagara, and Crown Point.
—Battle of Lake George.—Prosecution of the War.—Oswego.—Fort William Henry.—
Storming of Ticonderoga.—State of Canada.—Plans for its Reduction.—Progress of the
English Arms.—Wolfe before Quebec.—Assault at Montmorenci.—Heroism of Wolfe.—The
Heights of Abraham.—Battle of Quebec.—Death of Wolfe.—Death of Montcalm.—Surrender
of Quebec.—Fall of Canada.
CHAPTER V.
1755-1763.
The Wilderness and Its Tenants at the Close Of The French War.
Sufferings of the Frontier.—Treaties with the Western Tribes.—Christian Frederic Post.—The
Iroquois.—The remote Tribes.—The Forest.—Indian Population.—Condition of the Tribes.—
Onondaga.—The Delawares and neighboring Tribes.—Their Habits and Condition.—The
Shawanoes, Miamis, Illinois, and Wyandots.—English Settlements.—Forest Thoroughfares.—
Fur-traders.—Their Habits and Character.—The Forest Traveller.—The French at the Illinois.
—Military Life in the Forest.—The Savage and the European.—Hunters and Trappers.—
Civilization and Barbarism.
CHAPTER VI.
1760.
The English take Possession of the Western Posts.
The victorious Armies at Montreal.—Major Robert Rogers.—His Expedition up the Lakes.—
His Meeting with Pontiac.—Ambitious Views of Pontiac.—He befriends the English.—The
English take Possession of Detroit.—Of other French Posts.—British Power Predominant in
the West.
131
145
151
159
169
183
195
214
CHAPTER VII.
1760-1763.
Anger of the Indians.—The Conspiracy.
Discontent of the Tribes.—Impolitic Course of the English.—Disorders of the Fur-trade.—
Military Insolence.—Intrusion of Settlers.—French Intrigue.—The Delaware Prophet.—An
abortive Plot.—Pontiac's Conspiracy.—Character of Pontiac.—Gloomy Prospects of the
Indian Race.—Designs of Pontiac.—His War Messengers.—Tribes engaged in the Conspiracy.
—Dissimulation of the Indians.—The War-belt among the Miamis.
CHAPTER VIII.
1763.
Indian Preparation.
The Indians as a military People.—Their inefficient Organization.—Their insubordinate Spirit.
—Their Improvidence.—Policy of the Indian Leaders.—Difficulties of Forest Warfare.—
Defenceless Condition of the Colonies.—The Peace of Paris.—Royal Proclamation.—The War-
chief. His Fasts and Vigils.—The War-feast.—The War-dance.—Departure of the Warriors.—
The Bursting of the Storm.
CHAPTER IX.
1763, April.
The Council at the River Ecorces.
Pontiac musters his Warriors.—They assemble at the River Ecorces.—The Council.—Speech of
Pontiac.—Allegory of the Delaware.—The Council dissolves.—Calumet Dance at Detroit.—
Plan to surprise the Garrison.
CHAPTER X.
1763, May.
Detroit.
Strange Phenomenon.—Origin and History of Detroit.—Its Condition in 1763.—Character of
its Inhabitants.—French Life at Detroit.—The Fort and Garrison.—Pontiac at Isle à la Pêche.
—Suspicious Conduct of the Indians.—Catharine, the Ojibwa Girl.—She reveals the Plot.—
Precautions of the Commandant.—A Night of Anxiety.
CHAPTER XI.
1763.
Treachery of Pontiac.
The Morning of the Council.—Pontiac enters the Port.—Address and Courage of the
Commandant.—The Plot defeated.—The Chiefs suffered to escape.—Indian Idea of Honor.—
Pontiac again visits the Fort.—False Alarm.—Pontiac throws off the Mask.—Ferocity of his
Warriors.—The Ottawas cross the River.—Fate of Davers and Robertson.—General Attack.—
A Truce.—Major Campbell's Embassy.—He is made Prisoner by Pontiac.
CHAPTER XII.
1763.
Pontiac at the Siege of Detroit.
The Christian Wyandots join Pontiac.—Peril of the Garrison.—Indian Courage—The English
threatened with Famine.—Pontiac's Council with the French.—His Speech.—He exacts
Provision from the French.—He appoints Commissaries.—He issues Promissory Notes.—His
Acuteness and Sagacity.—His Authority over his Followers.—His Magnanimity.
CHAPTER XIII.
1763.
Rout of Cuyler's Detachment.—Fate of the Forest Garrisons.
Re-enforcement sent to Detroit.—Attack on the Schooner.—Relief at Hand.—Disappointment
of the Garrison.—Escape of Prisoners.—Cuyler's Defeat.—Indian Debauch.—Fate of the
Captives.—Capture of Fort Sandusky.—Strength of the Besiegers.—Capture of Fort St.
Joseph.—Capture of Fort Michillimackinac.—Capture of Fort Ouatanon.—Capture of Fort
Miami.—Defence of Fort Presqu' Isle.—Its Capture.
CHAPTER XIV.
1763.
The Indians continue to blockade Detroit.
Attack on the Armed Vessel.—News of the Treaty of Paris.—Pontiac summons the Garrison.
—Council at the Ottawa Camp.—Disappointment of Pontiac.—He is joined by the Coureurs
de Bois.—Sortie of the Garrison.—Death of Major Campbell.—Attack on Pontiac's Camp.—
Fire Rafts.—The Wyandots and Pottawattamies beg for Peace.
CHAPTER XV.
1763.
The Fight of Bloody Bridge.
Dalzell's Detachment.—Dalzell reaches Detroit.—Stratagem of the Wyandots.—Night Attack
on Pontiac's Camp.—Indian Ambuscade.—Retreat of the English.—Terror of Dalzell's Troops.
—Death of Dalzell.—Defence of Campau's House.—Grant conducts the Retreat.—Exultation
226
238
249
of the Indians.—Defence of the Schooner Gladwyn.
CHAPTER XVI.
1763.
Michillimackinac.
The Voyager on the Lakes.—Michillimackinac in 1763.—Green Bay and Ste. Marie.—The
Northern
Wilderness.—Tribes
of the Lakes.—Adventures of a Trader.—Speech of
Minavavana.—Arrival of English Troops.—Disposition of the Indians.—The Ojibwa War-
chief.—Ambassador from Pontiac.—Sinister Designs of the Ojibwas.—Warnings of Danger.—
Wawatam.—Eve of the Massacre.
CHAPTER XVII.
1763.
The Massacre.
The King's Birthday.—Heedlessness of the Garrison.—Indian Ball-play.—The Stratagem.—
Slaughter of the Soldiers.—Escape of Alexander Henry.—His appalling Situation.—His Hiding-
place discovered.—Survivors of the Massacre.—Plan of retaking the Fort.—Adventures of
Henry.—Unexpected Behavior of the Ottawas.—They take Possession of the Fort.—Their
Council with the Ojibwas.—Henry and his Fellow-prisoners.—He is rescued by Wawatam.—
Cannibalism.—Panic among the Conquerors.—They retire to Mackinaw.—The Island of
Mackinaw.—Indian Carouse.—Famine among the Indians.—They disperse to their Wintering
Grounds.—Green Bay. The neighboring Tribes.—Gorell. His Address and Prudence.—He
conciliates the Indians.—He abandons Green Bay.—The English driven from the Upper Lakes.
List of Illustrations.
Forts and Settlements in America, 1763 A. D.
12
Fort and Settlements of Detroit, A. D. 1763.
161
FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN
NORTH AMERICA—PART
FIRST
PIONEERS OF FRANCE IN THE NEW
WORLD
By Francis Parkman
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.
Part One
PREFATORY NOTE TO THE HUGUENOTS IN FLORIDA.
CHAPTER I.
1512-1561.--EARLY SPANISH ADVENTURE.
CHAPTER II
1550-1558--VILLEGAGNON.
CHAPTER III.
1562-1563--JEAN RIBAUT.
CHAPTER IV.
1564--LAUDONNIERE.
CHAPTER V.
1564-1565--CONSPIRACY.
CHAPTER VI.
1564-1565--FAMINE. WAR. SUCCOR.
CHAPTER VII.1565--MENENDEZ.
CHAPTER VIII 1565--MASSACRE OF THE HERETICS.
CHAPTER IX.
1565-1567--CHARLES IX. AND PHILLIP II.
CHAPTER X.
1567-1583--DOMINIQUE DE GOURGUES.
Part 2
SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN.
CHAPTER I.
1488-1543--EARLY FRENCH ADVENTURE IN NORTH AMERICA.
CHAPTER II.
1542-1604--LA ROCHE.-CHAMPLAIN.-DE MONTS.
CHAPTER III.
1604-1605--ACADIA OCCUPIED.
CHAPTER IV.
1605-1607--LESCARBOT AND CHAMPLAIN.
CHAPTER V.
1610-1611--THE JESUITS AND THEIR PATRONESS.
CHAPTER VI.
1611-1612--JESUITS IN ACADIA.
CHAPTER VII.
1613--LA SAUSSAYE.-ARGALL
CHAPTER VIII.
1613-1615--RUIN OF FRENCH ACADIA.
CHAPTER IX.
1608-1609--CHAMPLAIN AT QUEBEC.
CHAPTER X.
1609--LAKE CHAMPLAIN.
CHAPTER XI.
1610-1612--WAR.-TRADE.-DISCOVERY.
CHAPTER XII.
1612-1613--THE IMPOSTOR VIGNAU.
CHAPTER XIII.
1615--DISCOVERY OF LAKE HURON.
CHAPTER XIV.
1615-1616--THE GREAT WAR PARTY.
CHAPTER XV.
1616-1627--HOSTILE SECTS.-RIVAL INTERESTS.
CHAPTER XVI.
1628-1629--THE ENGLISH AT QUEBEC.
CHAPTER XVII. 1632-1635--DEATH OF CHAMPLAIN.
END NOTES:
FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN
NORTH AMERICA SERIES,
PART SECOND
THE JESUITS IN NORTH AMERICA IN
THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
by Francis Parkman
CONTENTS
PREFACE.
INTRODUCTION.
NATIVE TRIBES.
Divisions • The Algonquins • The Hurons • Their Houses • Fortifications • Habits • Arts • Women
• Trade • Festivities • Medicine • The Tobacco Nation • The Neutrals • The Eries • The Andastes •
The Iroquois • Indian Social and Political Organization • Iroquois Institutions, Customs, and
Character • Indian Religion and Superstitions • The Indian Mind
CHAPTER I. 1634.
NOTRE-DAME DES ANGES.
Quebec in 1634 • Father Le Jeune • The Mission-House • Its Domestic Economy • The Jesuits
and their Designs
CHAPTER II.
LOYOLA AND THE JESUITS.
Conversion of Loyola • Foundation of the Society of Jesus • Preparation of the Novice •
Characteristics of the Order • The Canadian Jesuits
CHAPTER III. 1632, 1633.
PAUL LE JEUNE.
Le Jeune's Voyage • His First Pupils • His Studies • His Indian Teacher • Winter at the Mission-
House • Le Jeune's School • Reinforcements
CHAPTER IV. 1633, 1634.
LE JEUNE AND THE HUNTERS.
Le Jeune joins the Indians • The First Encampment • The Apostate • Forest Life in Winter • The
Indian Hut • The Sorcerer • His Persecution of the Priest • Evil Company • Magic • Incantations •
Christmas • Starvation • Hopes of Conversion • Backsliding • Peril and Escape of Le Jeune • His
Return
CHAPTER V. 1633, 1634.
THE HURON MISSION.
Plans of Conversion • Aims and Motives • Indian Diplomacy • Hurons at Quebec • Councils •
The Jesuit Chapel • Le Borgne • The Jesuits Thwarted • Their Perseverance • The Journey to the
Hurons • Jean de Brébeuf • The Mission Begun
CHAPTER VI. 1634, 1635.
BRÉBEUF AND HIS ASSOCIATES.
The Huron Mission-House • Its Inmates • Its Furniture • Its Guests • The Jesuit as a Teacher • As
an Engineer • Baptisms • Huron Village Life • Festivities and Sorceries • The Dream Feast • The
Priests accused of Magic • The Drought and the Red Cross
CHAPTER VII. 1636, 1637.
THE FEAST OF THE DEAD.
Huron Graves • Preparation for the Ceremony • Disinterment • The Mourning • The Funeral
March • The Great Sepulchre • Funeral Games • Encampment of the Mourners • Gifts • Harangues •
Frenzy of the Crowd • The Closing Scene • Another Rite • The Captive Iroquois • The Sacrifice.
CHAPTER VIII. 1636, 1637.
THE HURON AND THE JESUIT.
Enthusiasm for the Mission • Sickness of the Priests • The Pest among the Hurons • The Jesuit on
his Rounds • Efforts at Conversion • Priests and Sorcerers • The Man-Devil • The Magician's
Prescription • Indian Doctors and Patients • Covert Baptisms • Self-Devotion of the Jesuits
CHAPTER IX. 1637.
CHARACTER OF THE CANADIAN JESUITS.
Jean de Brébeuf • Charles Garnier • Joseph Marie Chaumonot • Noël Chabanel • Isaac Jogues •
Other Jesuits • Nature of their Faith • Supernaturalism • Visions • Miracles
CHAPTER X. 1637-1640.
PERSECUTION.
Ossossané • The New Chapel • A Triumph of the Faith • The Nether Powers • Signs of a
Tempest • Slanders • Rage against the Jesuits • Their Boldness and Persistency • Nocturnal Council
• Danger of the Priests • Brébeuf's Letter • Narrow Escapes • Woes and Consolations
CHAPTER XI. 1638-1640.
PRIEST AND PAGAN.
Du Peron's Journey • Daily Life of the Jesuits • Their Missionary Excursions • Converts at
Ossossané • Machinery of Conversion • Conditions of Baptism • Backsliders • The Converts and
x
xi
their Countrymen • The Cannibals at St. Joseph
CHAPTER XII. 1639, 1640.
THE TOBACCO NATION—THE NEUTRALS.
A Change of Plan • Sainte Marie • Mission of the Tobacco Nation • Winter Journeying •
Reception of the Missionaries • Superstitious Terrors • Peril of Garnier and Jogues • Mission of the
Neutrals • Huron Intrigues • Miracles • Fury of the Indians • Intervention of Saint Michael • Return to
Sainte Marie • Intrepidity of the Priests • Their Mental Exaltation
CHAPTER XIII. 1636-1646.
QUEBEC AND ITS TENANTS.
The New Governor • Edifying Examples • Le Jeune's Correspondents • Rank and Devotion •
Nuns • Priestly Authority • Condition of Quebec • The Hundred Associates • Church Discipline •
Plays • Fireworks • Processions • Catechizing • Terrorism • Pictures • The Converts • The Society
of Jesus • The Foresters
CHAPTER XIV. 1636-1652.
DEVOTEES AND NUNS.
The Huron Seminary • Madame de la Peltrie • Her Pious Schemes • Her Sham Marriage • She
visits the Ursulines of Tours • Marie de Saint Bernard • Marie de l'Incarnation • Her Enthusiasm •
Her Mystical Marriage • Her Dejection • Her Mental Conflicts • Her Vision • Made Superior of the
Ursulines • The Hôtel-Dieu • The Voyage to Canada • Sillery • Labors and Sufferings of the Nuns •
Character of Marie de l'Incarnation • Of Madame de la Peltrie
CHAPTER XV. 1636-1642.
VILLEMARIE DE MONTREAL.
Dauversiére and the Voice from Heaven • Abbé Olier • Their Schemes • The Society of Notre-
Dame de Montreal • Maisonneuve • Devout Ladies • Mademoiselle Mance • Marguerite Bourgeoys
• The Montrealists at Quebec • Jealousy • Quarrels • Romance and Devotion • Embarkation •
Foundation of Montreal
CHAPTER XVI. 1641-1644.
ISAAC JOGUES.
The Iroquois War • Jogues • His Capture • His Journey to the Mohawks • Lake George • The
Mohawk Towns • The Missionary Tortured • Death of Goupil • Misery of Jogues • The Mohawk
"Babylon" • Fort Orange • Escape of Jogues • Manhattan • The Voyage to France • Jogues among
his Brethren • He returns to Canada
CHAPTER XVII. 1641-1646.
THE IROQUOIS—BRESSANI—DE NOUË.
War • Distress and Terror • Richelieu • Battle • Ruin of Indian Tribes • Mutual Destruction •
Iroquois and Algonquin • Atrocities • Frightful Position of the French • Joseph Bressani • His
Capture • His Treatment • His Escape • Anne de Nouë • His Nocturnal Journey • His Death
CHAPTER XVIII. 1642-1644.
VILLEMARIE.
Infancy of Montreal • The Flood • Vow of Maisonneuve • Pilgrimage • D'Ailleboust • The Hôtel-
Dieu • Piety • Propagandism • War • Hurons and Iroquois • Dogs • Sally of the French • Battle •
Exploit of Maisonneuve
CHAPTER XIX. 1644, 1645.
PEACE.
Iroquois Prisoners • Piskaret • His Exploits • More Prisoners • Iroquois Embassy • The Orator •
The Great Council • Speeches of Kiotsaton • Muster of Savages • Peace Confirmed
CHAPTER XX. 1645, 1646.
THE PEACE BROKEN.
Uncertainties • The Mission of Jogues • He reaches the Mohawks • His Reception • His Return •
His Second Mission • Warnings of Danger • Rage of the Mohawks • Murder of Jogues
CHAPTER XXI. 1646, 1647.
ANOTHER WAR.
Mohawk Inroads • The Hunters of Men • The Captive Converts • The Escape of Marie • Her
Story • The Algonquin Prisoner's Revenge • Her Flight • Terror of the Colonists • Jesuit Intrepidity
CHAPTER XXII. 1645-1651.
PRIEST AND PURITAN.
Miscou • Tadoussac • Journeys of De Quen • Druilletes • His Winter with the Montagnais •
Influence of the Missions • The Abenaquis • Druilletes on the Kennebec • His Embassy to Boston •
xii
xiii
xiv
Gibbons • Dudley • Bradford • Eliot • Endicott • French and Puritan Colonization • Failure of
Druilletes's Embassy • New Regulations • New-Year's Day at Quebec.
CHAPTER XXIII. 1645-1648.
A DOOMED NATION.
Indian Infatuation • Iroquois and Huron • Huron Triumphs • The Captive Iroquois • His Ferocity
and Fortitude • Partisan Exploits • Diplomacy • The Andastes • The Huron Embassy • New
Negotiations • The Iroquois Ambassador • His Suicide • Iroquois Honor
CHAPTER XXIV. 1645-1648.
THE HURON CHURCH.
Hopes of the Mission • Christian and Heathen • Body and Soul • Position of Proselytes • The
Huron Girl's Visit to Heaven • A Crisis • Huron Justice • Murder and Atonement • Hopes and Fears
CHAPTER XXV. 1648, 1649.
SAINTE MARIE.
The Centre of the Missions • Fort • Convent • Hospital • Caravansary • Church • The Inmates of
Sainte Marie • Domestic Economy • Missions • A Meeting of Jesuits • The Dead Missionary
CHAPTER XXVI. 1648.
ANTOINE DANIEL.
Huron Traders • Battle at Three Rivers • St. Joseph • Onset of the Iroquois • Death of Daniel •
The Town Destroyed
CHAPTER XXVII. 1649.
RUIN OF THE HURONS.
St. Louis on Fire • Invasion • St. Ignace captured • Brébeuf and Lalemant • Battle at St. Louis •
Sainte Marie threatened • Renewed Fighting • Desperate Conflict • A Night of Suspense • Panic
among the Victors • Burning of St. Ignace • Retreat of the Iroquois
CHAPTER XXVIII. 1649.
THE MARTYRS.
The Ruins of St. Ignace • The Relics found • Brébeuf at the Stake • His Unconquerable Fortitude
• Lalemant • Renegade Hurons • Iroquois Atrocities • Death of Brébeuf • His Character • Death of
Lalemant
CHAPTER XXIX. 1649, 1650.
THE SANCTUARY.
Dispersion of the Hurons • Sainte Marie abandoned • Isle St. Joseph • Removal of the Mission •
The New Fort • Misery of the Hurons • Famine • Epidemic • Employments of the Jesuits
CHAPTER XXX. 1649.
GARNIER—CHABANEL.
The Tobacco Missions • St. Jean attacked • Death of Garnier • The Journey of Chabanel • His
Death • Garreau and Grelon.
CHAPTER XXXI. 1650-1652.
THE HURON MISSION ABANDONED.
Famine and the Tomahawk • A New Asylum • Voyage of the Refugees to Quebec • Meeting with
Bressani • Desperate Courage of the Iroquois • Inroads and Battles • Death of Buteux
CHAPTER XXXII. 1650-1866.
THE LAST OF THE HURONS.
Fate of the Vanquished • The Refugees of St. Jean Baptiste and St. Michel • The Tobacco Nation
and its Wanderings • The Modern Wyandots • The Biter Bit • The Hurons at Quebec • Notre-Dame
de Lorette.
CHAPTER XXXIII. 1650-1670.
THE DESTROYERS.
Iroquois Ambition • Its Victims • The Fate of the Neutrals • The Fate of the Eries • The War with
the Andastes • Supremacy of the Iroquois
CHAPTER XXXIV.
THE END.
Failure of the Jesuits • What their Success would have involved • Future of the Mission
INDEX.
APPENDIX.
xv
xvi
xvii
FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN
NORTH AMERICA, PART
THIRD.
LA SALLE AND THE DISCOVERY OF
THE GREAT WEST
By Francis Parkman
CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION
3
CHAPTER I.
1643-1669.
CAVELIER DE LA SALLE.
The Youth of La Salle: his Connection with the Jesuits; he goes to Canada; his Character;
his Schemes; his Seigniory at La Chine; his Expedition in Search of a Western Passage
to India.
7
CHAPTER II.
1669-1671.
LA SALLE AND THE SULPITIANS.
The French in Western New York.—Louis Joliet.—The Sulpitians on Lake Erie; at
Detroit; at Saut Ste. Marie.—The Mystery of La Salle: he discovers the Ohio; he
descends the Illinois; did he reach the Mississippi?
19
CHAPTER III.
1670-1672
THE JESUITS ON THE LAKE.
The Old Missions and the New.—A Change of Spirit.—Lake Superior and the Copper-
mines.—Ste. Marie.—LaPointe.— Michilimackinac.— Jesuits on Lake Michigan.—
Allouez and Dablon.—The Jesuit Fur-trade.
36
CHAPTER IV.
1667-1672.
FRANCE TAKES POSSESSION OF THE WEST.
Talon.—Saint-Lusson.—Perrot.—The Ceremony at Saut Ste. Marie.—The Speech of
Allouez.—Count Frontenac.
48
CHAPTER V.
1672-1675.
THE DISCOVERY OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
[Pg xvi]
Joliet sent to find the Mississippi.—Jacques Marquette.—Departure.— Green Bay.—The
Wisconsin.—The Mississippi.—Indians.—Manitous.— The Arkansas.—The Illinois.
—Joliet's Misfortune.—Marquette at Chicago: his Illness; his Death.
57
CHAPTER VI.
1673-1678.
LA SALLE AND FRONTENAC.
Objects of La Salle.—Frontenac favors him.—Projects of Frontenac.—Cataraqui.—
Frontenac on Lake Ontario.—Fort Frontenac.—La Salle and Fénelon.—Success of
La Salle: his Enemies.
83
CHAPTER VII.
1678.
PARTY STRIFE.
La Salle and his Reporter.—Jesuit Ascendency.—The Missions and the Fur-trade.—
Female Inquisitors.—Plots against La Salle: his Brother the Priest.—Intrigues of the
Jesuits.—La Salle poisoned: he exculpates the Jesuits.—Renewed Intrigues.
106
CHAPTER VIII.
1677, 1678.
THE GRAND ENTERPRISE.
La Salle at Fort Frontenac.—La Salle at Court: his Memorial.—Approval of the King.—
Money and Means.—Henri de Tonty.—Return to Canada.
120
CHAPTER IX.
1678-1679.
LA SALLE AT NIAGARA.
Father Louis Hennepin: his Past Life; his Character.—Embarkation.— Niagara Falls.—
Indian Jealousy.—La Motte and the Senecas.— A Disaster.—La Salle and his
Followers.
131
CHAPTER X.
1679.
THE LAUNCH OF THE "GRIFFIN."
The Niagara Portage.—A Vessel on the Stocks.—Suffering and Discontent.—La Salle's
Winter Journey.—The Vessel launched.— Fresh Disasters.
144
CHAPTER XI.
1679.
LA SALLE ON THE UPPER LAKES.
The Voyage of the "Griffin."—Detroit.—A Storm.—St. Ignace of Michilimackinac.—
Rivals and Enemies.—Lake Michigan.— Hardships.—A Threatened Fight.—Fort
Miami.—Tonty's Misfortunes.—Forebodings.
151
CHAPTER XII.
1679, 1680.
LA SALLE ON THE ILLINOIS.
The St. Joseph.—Adventure of La Salle.—The Prairies.—Famine.— The Great Town of
the Illinois.—Indians.—Intrigues.— Difficulties.—Policy of La Salle.—Desertion.—
Another Attempt to poison La Salle.
164
[Pg xvii]
CHAPTER XIII.
1680.
FORT CRÈVECŒUR.
Building of the Fort.—Loss of the "Griffin."—A Bold Resolution.—Another Vessel.—
Hennepin sent to the Mississippi.—Departure of La Salle.
180
CHAPTER XIV.
1680.
HARDIHOOD OF LA SALLE.
The Winter Journey.—The Deserted Town.—Starved Rock.—Lake Michigan.—The
Wilderness.—War Parties.—La Salle's Men give out.—Ill Tidings.—Mutiny.—
Chastisement of the Mutineers.
189
CHAPTER XV.
1680.
INDIAN CONQUERORS.
The Enterprise renewed.—Attempt to rescue Tonty.—Buffalo.—A Frightful Discovery.—
Iroquois Fury.—The Ruined Town.—A Night of Horror.—Traces of the Invaders.—
No News of Tonty.
202
CHAPTER XVI.
1680.
TONTY AND THE IROQUOIS.
The Deserters.—The Iroquois War.—The Great Town of the Illinois.—The Alarm.—
Onset of the Iroquois.—Peril of Tonty.—A Treacherous Truce.—Intrepidity of Tonty.
—Murder of Ribourde.—War upon the Dead.
216
CHAPTER XVII.
1680.
THE ADVENTURES OF HENNEPIN.
Hennepin an Impostor: his Pretended Discovery; his Actual Discovery; captured by the
Sioux.—The Upper Mississippi.
242
CHAPTER XVIII.
1680, 1681.
HENNEPIN AMONG THE SIOUX.
Signs of Danger.—Adoption.—Hennepin and his Indian Relatives.—The Hunting Party.—
The Sioux Camp.—Falls of St. Anthony.—A Vagabond Friar: his Adventures on the
Mississippi.—Greysolon Du Lhut.—Return to Civilization.
259
CHAPTER XIX.
1681.
LA SALLE BEGINS ANEW.
His Constancy; his Plans; his Savage Allies; he becomes Snow-blind.—Negotiations.—
Grand Council.—La Salle's Oratory.—Meeting with Tonty.—Preparation.—
Departure.
283
CHAPTER XX.
1681-1682.
SUCCESS OF LA SALLE.
[Pg xviii]
[Pg xix]
His Followers.—The Chicago Portage.—Descent of the Mississippi.—The Lost Hunter.—
The
Arkansas.—The Taensas.—The Natchez.—Hostility.—The Mouth of the
Mississippi.—Louis XIV. proclaimed Sovereign of the Great West.
295
CHAPTER XXI.
1682, 1683.
ST. LOUIS OF THE ILLINOIS.
Louisiana.—Illness of La Salle: his Colony on the Illinois.— Fort St. Louis.—Recall of
Frontenac.—Le Febvre de la Barre.—Critical Position of La Salle.—Hostility of the
New Governor.—Triumph of the Adverse Faction.—La Salle sails for France.
309
CHAPTER XXII.
1680-1683.
LA SALLE PAINTED BY HIMSELF.
Difficulty of knowing him: his Detractors; his Letters; vexations of his Position; his Unfitness
for Trade; risks of Correspondence; his Reported Marriage; alleged Ostentation;
motives of Action; charges of Harshness; intrigues against him; unpopular Manners; a
Strange Confession; his Strength and his Weakness; contrasts of his Character.
328
CHAPTER XXIII.
1684.
A NEW ENTERPRISE.
La Salle at Court: his Proposals.—Occupation of Louisiana.—Invasion of Mexico.—Royal
Favor.— Preparation.—A Divided Command.—Beaujeu and La Salle.—Mental
Condition of La Salle: his Farewell to his Mother.
343
CHAPTER XXIV.
1684, 1685.
THE VOYAGE.
Disputes with Beaujeu.—St. Domingo.—La Salle attacked with Fever: his Desperate
Condition.—The Gulf of Mexico.—A Vain Search and a Fatal Error.
366
CHAPTER XXV.
1685.
LA SALLE IN TEXAS.
A Party of Exploration.—Wreck of the "Aimable."—Landing of Colonists.—A Forlorn
Position.—Indian Neighbors.—Friendly Advances of Beaujeu: his Departure.—A
Fatal Discovery.
378
CHAPTER XXVI.
1685-1687.
ST. LOUIS OF TEXAS.
The Fort.—Misery and Dejection.— Energy of La Salle: his Journey of Exploration.—
Adventures and Accidents.— Buffalo.—Duhaut.—Indian Massacre.—Return of La
Salle.—A New Calamity.—A Desperate Resolution.—Departure for Canada.—
Wreck of the "Belle."—Marriage.—Sedition.—Adventures of La Salle's Party.—The
Cenis.—The Camanches.—The Only Hope.—The Last Farewell.
391
CHAPTER XXVII.
1687.
ASSASSINATION OF LA SALLE.
[Pg xx]
[Pg xxi]
His Followers.—Prairie Travelling.—A Hunters' Quarrel.—The Murder of Moranget.—
The Conspiracy.—Death of La Salle: his Character.
420
CHAPTER XXVIII.
1687, 1688.
THE INNOCENT AND THE GUILTY.
Triumph of the Murderers.—Danger of Joutel.—Joutel among the Cenis.—White Savages.
— Insolence of Duhaut and his Accomplices.—Murder of Duhaut and Liotot.—Hiens,
the Buccaneer.—Joutel and his Party: their Escape; they reach the Arkansas.—Bravery
and Devotion of Tonty.—The Fugitives reach the Illinois.—Unworthy Conduct of
Cavelier.—He and his Companions return to France.
435
CHAPTER XXIX.
1688-1689.
FATE OF THE TEXAN COLONY.
Tonty attempts to rescue the Colonists: his Difficulties and Hardships.—Spanish Hostility.
—Expedition of Alonzo de Leon: he reaches Fort St. Louis.—A Scene of Havoc.—
Destruction of the French.—The End.
464
APPENDIX.
I. Early Unpublished Maps of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes.
475
II. The Eldorado of Mathieu Sâgean.
485
INDEX.
493
FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN
NORTH AMERICA, FOURTH
PART
THE OLD REGIME IN CANADA
By Francis Parkman
CONTENTS
PREFACE.
DETAILED CONTENTS
I. THE PERIOD OF TRANSITION.
CHAPTER I. 1653-1658. THE JESUITS AT ONONDAGA.
CHAPTER II.
[Pg xxii]
CHAPTER III. 1660, 1661. THE HEROES OF THE LONG SAUT.
CHAPTER IV. 1657-1668. THE DISPUTED BISHOPRIC.
CHAPTER V. 1659, 1660. LAVAL AND ARGENSON.
CHAPTER VI. 1658-1663. LAVAL AND AVAUGOUR.
CHAPTER VII. 1661-1664. LAVAL AND DUMESNIL
CHAPTER VIII. 1657-1665. LAVAL AND MÉZY.
CHAPTER IX. 1662-1680. LAVAL AND THE SEMINARY.
II. THE COLONY AND THE KING.
CHAPTER X. 1661-1665. ROYAL INTERVENTION.
CHAPTER XI. 1666, 1667. THE MOHAWKS CHASTISED.
CHAPTER XII. 1665-1672. PATERNAL GOVERNMENT.
CHAPTER XIII 1661-1673. MARRIAGE AND POPULATION.
CHAPTER XIV. 1665-1672. THE NEW HOME.
CHAPTER XV. 1663-1763. CANADIAN FEUDALISM.
CHAPTER XVI. 1663-1763. THE RULERS OF CANADA.
CHAPTER XVII. 1663-1763. TRADE AND INDUSTRY.
CHAPTER XVIII. 1663-1702. THE MISSIONS. THE BRANDY QUESTION.
CHAPTER XIX. 1663-1763. PRIESTS AND PEOPLE.
CHAPTER XX. 1640-1763. MORALS AND MANNERS.
CHAPTER XXI. 1663-1763. CANADIAN ABSOLUTISM.
FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN
NORTH AMERICA, PART
THE FIFTH
COUNT FRONTENAC AND NEW
FRANCE UNDER LOUIS XIV.
by Francis Parkman
Contents
PREFACE.
CHAPTER I. 1620-1672.
COUNT AND COUNTESS FRONTENAC.
Mademoiselle de Montpensier and Madame de Frontenac • Orleans • The Maréchale de Camp •
Count Frontenac • Conjugal Disputes • Early Life of Frontenac • His Courtship and Marriage •
Estrangement • Scenes at St. Fargeau • The Lady of Honor dismissed • Frontenac as a Soldier • He
is made Governor of New France • Les Divines.
CHAPTER II. 1672-1675
