Workbook/Note-Guide to accompany Videos - Chemistry Professor

212 Pages·2010·2.91 MB·English

Workbook/Note-Guide
to accompany

Videos

Sandra Y. Etheridge, Ph.D.
Workbook/Note-Guide
to accompany
College Chemistry II
Videos

Sandra Y. Etheridge, Ph.D.
Information on these discs utilized with permission of
Gulf Coast Community College. The college does not
provide support for this version of the software, and all
questions and concerns must be directed to the Chemistry
Professor. ©2007 All rights reserved

All rights reserved. No part of this workbook/note-guide may be reproduced in any form
without permission in writing from the Chemistry Professor.

the Chemistry Professor is a trademark of Sandra Y. Etheridge

©
2007, the Chemistry Professor
Youngstown, Florida, 32466Introduction
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Introduction

The videos used for this course were made in the studios at Gulf Coast Community
College by Dr. Sandra Etheridge and were designed to meet the needs of students taking
chemistry by distance education. The course is referred to on the videos as CHM 1046
which is in accordance with the common course numbering system for Florida
Universities and designates the course as being the second semester college or university
chemistry lecture course for majors in the field. The DVDs are copies of those distance
education videos and are made available courtesy of Gulf Coast Community College.

The workbook/note guide written by Dr. Etheridge is designed to facilitate organized and
complete note-taking to be used for study. The workbook matches the videos exactly
since Dr. Etheridge wrote both the course and the workbook/note guide. If a mistake is
made on the video (there are several), the error and correction are pointed out in the note
guide. Further, tables and charts needed at certain points in the lecture are provided at
those points in the note guide. Notations of appropriate points at which to pause the
video for problem solving appear in the note guide, and utilizing those pauses as
suggested facilitates learning. For those reasons it has been found that students benefit
significantly from properly using the note guide. It is such an effective aid that students
enrolling in the lecture course at the college frequently purchase the note guide to assist
their note taking and learning.

It is suggested that individuals viewing these videos have completed at least one semester
of college chemistry for majors as well as have a good background in algebra. It is
strongly suggested that the viewer have access to a college chemistry textbook since that
reference could be used to answer questions that might arise, as well as provide
additional problems for practice and the very large reference tables needed for solving
problems.

Hopefully you will enjoy these videos and note guide as much as Dr. Etheridge enjoyed
making them for her students.

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Table of Contents
Unit Page

1. Solids and Liquids 1

(Lesson 1 - 7)
Types of Intermolecular Forces 2
Phase Changes 8
The Solid State 19

2. Behavior of Solutions 25
(Lessons 8 – 11)
Properties of Solutions 26
Concentration of Solutions 28
Colligative Properties 32
Ideal vs. Real Solutions 40

3. Chemical Kinetics 41
(Lessons 12 – 15)
Factors Affecting Reaction Rates 42
Orders of Reactions 46
Reaction Mechanisms 56

4. Introduction to Chemical Equilibrium 57
(Lessons 16 – 20)
Foundations 58
Le Chatelier’s Principle 64
A Survey of Problems 65

5. Acids and Bases 73
(Lessons 21 – 24)
A Review of Solutions 74
The Nature of Acids and Bases 75
The Meaning of pH 83

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6. Acid-Base Equilibria 89
(Lessons 25 – 35)
Hydrolysis of Salts 90
Buffers. 93
Titration Curves (numerous) 101
The Work of Indicators 110
Polyprotic Acids 112
A Survey of Problems 117

7. More Aqueous Equilibria – Solubility Products 121
(Lessons 36 – 38)
Writing the Expression 122
Molar Solubility 123
Predicting Solubility 125
The Common Ion Effect 127
Separating Ions 128
Effects of pH
More Aqueous Equilibria – Complex Ions 133
(Lessons 39 – 41)
Definitions 134
Naming Complex Ions 135
Solubility and Complex Ions 136
A Survey of Problems 138

8. Thermodynamics 141
(Lessons 42 – 45)
Spontaneity 143
∆S 145
∆G 148
The K 151
eq
A Survey Problem 156

9. Electrochemistry 157
(Lessons 46 - 49)
Introduction 158
Voltaic Cells 160
Electrolytic Cells 168
Corrosion 170
A Survey of Problems 172
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10. Nuclear Chemistry 175
(Lessons 50 - 52)
Introduction 176
Nuclear Stability 177
Disintegrations 180
Fission vs. Fusion 184
Uses of Radioactivity 187

Appendix 189
Table of Common Oxidation Numbers 191
Activity Series of the Elements 193
Solubility Rules 195
Select Solubility Product Constants 195
Select Reduction Potentials 197
Equilibrium Constants for Select Weak Acids 199
Equilibrium Constants for Select Weak Bases 199
Table of Selected Indicators 201
Periodic Table of the Elements 203
(also on inside front cover)

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During this unit on Solids and Liquids, Dr. Etheridge will

1. discuss the several types of intermolecular forces: ion-ion, ion-dipole, and dipole-
dipole.
2. describe the properties of both permanent dipoles, particularly hydrogen bonds,
and temporary or instantaneous dipoles such as London Forces.
3. relate the various types of intermolecular forces to the molecules in which these
forces are predominant.
4. rank the strengths of these intermolecular forces.
5. relate types of intermolecular forces to physical properties.
6. discuss the Maxwell-Boltzman Distribution Curve of Molecular Speeds and its
relationship to certain physical properties such as vapor pressure.
7. solve problems related to vapor pressure and extent of evaporation.
8. explain boiling and the factors related to boiling
9. relate ∆H to strength of intermolecular forces, vapor pressure, and boiling
vap
point.
10. introduce the Clausius-Clapeyron equation
11. discuss some of the unique properties of water, i.e. surface tension, the floating of
ice, sublimation, and the heating/cooling curve.
12. solve problems related to the heating/cooling curve.
13. explain phase diagrams using water as an example.
14. discuss the solid state with respect to structure, motion, shape and volume.
15. describe the properties of an amorphous solid.
16. explain the four types of bonds existing in a crystalline solid.
17. introduce the concepts of allotropes using those of carbon.
18. describe in detail the structure of cubic cells, including simple cubic cells, body
centered cubic cells, and face centered cubic cells.
19. solve problems dealing with unit cells.
20. look more carefully at close packing and introduce the concept of slippage in
metallic solids.

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