Workbook to Accompany Fundamentals of Emergency Care

277 Pages·2001·1.76 MB·English

by  Richard Beebe

Workbook to Accompany
Fundamentals of Emergency Care
Dedication
For Bob, whose belief in me is neverending.
To Genna and Kim, firefighters after their father, EMTs after their mother,
unique individuals in their own right.
Acknowledgments
I would like to extend a special thanks to Howard HuthIII, NREMT-P,
paramedic in the town of Guilderland, for his help with editing the workbook.
Workbook to Accompany
Fundamentals of Emergency Care
Richard W. O. Beebe, MEd, RN, NREMT-P
Program Director
Bassett Healthcare
Center for Rural Emergency Medical Services Education
Cooperstown, New York
Adjunct Faculty
Herkimer County Community College
Herkimer, New York
Deborah L. Funk, MD, NREMT-P
Instructor
Emergency Medicine
Albany Medical College
Albany, New York
Attending Physician
Emergency Department
Albany Medical Center Hospital
Albany, New York
Workbook written by:
Deborah Kufs, BS, RN, CCRN, CEN, NREMT-P
Clinical Instructor
Institute for Prehospital Emergency Medicine
Hudson Valley Community College
Troy, New York
Australia Canada Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States
Workbook to Accompany
Fundamentals of Emergency Care
Richard W. O. Beebe and Deborah L. Funk
Workbook written by: Deborah Kufs, BS, RN, NREMT-P
Business Unit Director: Channel Manager:
William Brottmiller Tara Carter
Executive Editor: Project Editor:
Cathy L. Esperti Maureen M. E. Grealish
Developmental Editor: Production Coordinator:
Darcy M. Scelsi John Mickelbank
Editorial Assistant: Production Editor:
Jill Korznat Mary Colleen Liburdi
Executive Marketing Manager:
Dawn F. Gerrain
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C
ONTENTS
Preface viii
Section One: Emergency Medical Services
Chapter 1: Introduction to Emergency Medical Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 2: Medical Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chapter 3: The Legal Responsibilities of the EMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Chapter 4: Stress in Emergency Medical Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Section Two: Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body
Chapter 5: Anatomy and Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Section Three: Fundamentals of Emergency Medical Care
Chapter 6: Infection Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Chapter 7: Basic Airway Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Chapter 8: Respiratory Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Chapter 9: Advanced Airway Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Chapter 10: A State of Hypoperfusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Chapter 11: Baseline Vital Signs and SAMPLE History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Chapter 12: Lifting and Moving Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Section Four: Patient Assessment—General Principles
Chapter 13: Scene Size-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Chapter 14: Initial Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Chapter 15: Focused History and Physical Examination of the Trauma Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Chapter 16: Detailed Physical Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Chapter 17: Focused History and Physical of the Medical Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Chapter 18: The Ongoing Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Section Five: Communications
Chapter 19: Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Chapter 20: Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Chapter 21: Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
v
Section Six: Emergency Medical Care
Chapter 22: Pharmacology for the Street . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Chapter 23: Shortness of Breath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Chapter 24: Chest Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Chapter 25: Cardiac Arrest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Chapter 26: Altered Mental Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Chapter 27: Abnormal Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Chapter 28: Environmental Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Chapter 29: Poisoning and Allergic Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Section Seven: Trauma Care
Chapter 30: Head Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Chapter 31: Spine Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Chapter 32: Chest and Abdominal Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Chapter 33: Cuts and Bleeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Chapter 34: Bony Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Section Eight: Maternal Health Emergencies
Chapter 35: Prenatal Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Chapter 36: Emergency Childbirth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Section Nine: Childhood Emergencies
Chapter 37: Newborn Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Chapter 38: Pediatric Medical Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Chapter 39: Pediatric Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Section Ten: Geriatric Care
Chapter 40: Geriatric Medical Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Chapter 41: Advanced Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Section Eleven: EMS Operations
Chapter 42: Emergency Vehicle Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Chapter 43: Public Safety Incident Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Chapter 44: Rescue Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Chapter 45: Advanced Life Support Assist Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Answer Key 219
vi
P
REFACE
This workbook was designed to accompany Fundamentals of Emergency Care. It is part of a complete
system, including the main text, an instructor’s manual, a test bank, an image library, a PowerPoint pre-
sentation and a Web tutor.
The workbook includes exercises designed to help the student review text material, key terms, and skills.
It provides step-by-step progression from understanding terminology to learning discrete skills and con-
cepts to applying the material.
Prehospital emergency care is a combination of thinking and doing. The workbook material challenges
the student to acquire the basic knowledge, use critical thinking skills, and develop the hands-on skills nec-
essary for practice as an EMT-Basic.
Regulations covering the practice of prehospital emergency care vary from state to state; therefore, it is
important for the student to learn the specific regulation in his area.
vii
viii
C 1 I E
HAPTER NTRODUCTION TO MERGENCY
M S
EDICAL ERVICES
EMTs are the foundation of the prehospital component of Emergency Medical Services. This review will assist you in recalling
historical events and reflecting upon their implications for your new vocation.
Matching: Match the following with their descriptions:
1. ____ Certified First Responders a. national EMS symbol
2. ____ EMT-Basic b. laid groundwork for inclusion of EMS in federal
legislation
3. ____ EMT-Intermediate c. a national level of care that involves administering
oxygen and simple bleeding control
4. ____ EMT-Paramedic d. a doctor trained to give care to the acutely ill or
injured
5. ____ EMD e. one who would stop and help
6. ____ Good Samaritan f. a method of questioning callers and giving life-
saving instructions
7. ____ NHTSA g. most common prehospital provider
8. ____ Star of Life h. a branch of the Department of Transportation
9. ____ Emergency Physician i. highest level of prehospital care provider
10. ____ white paper j. provider trained in advanced airway management
and IV therapy
True or False: Read each statement and decide if it is TRUE or FALSE. Place T or F on line before each statement.
1. _____ Providing care to the sick or injured can be traced back to ancient times.
2. _____ Modern Emergency Medical Service is designed only for lifesaving care.
3. _____ The military had little involvement in the development of modern EMS.
4. _____ The American Red Cross was formed by Deke Farrington.
5. _____ The “White Paper” was written to describe death in the Vietnam War.
6. _____ OSHA was formed to meet the needs of EMTs, and to speak to the public about EMS.
7. _____ Universal Access is designed so that all emergency services can be reached by a 3-digit number.
8. _____ Emergency Medical Dispatch consists of lifesaving phone instructions and triage.
9. _____ EMT-Bs work only on ambulances.
10. _____ Paramedics are the highest trained prehospital care providers.
Short Answer: Read each question. Think about the information presented in your text, and then answer each question with
one or two sentences.
1. The concept of the “ambulances volante” is still practiced today. From the text, give an example.
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