Workbook for Diagnostic Medical Sonography: A Guide to Clinical Practice, Abdomen and Superficial

250 Pages·2012·8.51 MB·English

by  Diane Kawamura, Bridgette Lunsford

Kawamura_WB_FM.indd i 12/2/11 12:54 AM
Workbook for Diagnostic Medical Sonography
A GUIDE TO CLINICAL
PRACTICE, ABDOMEN
AND SUPERFICIAL
STRUCTURES
Kawamura_WB_FM.indd i 12/2/11 12:54 AM
Kawamura_WB_FM.indd i 12/2/11 12:54 AM
Workbook for Diagnostic
Medical Sonography
A GUIDE TO
CLINICAL
PRACTICE,
ABDOMEN AND
SUPERFICIAL
STRUCTURES
Bridgette M. Lunsford, MAEd, RVT, RDMS
C linical Applications Specialist
G E Healthcare - Ultrasound
A rlington, Virginia
Diane M. Kawamura, PhD, RT(R), RDMS
P rofessor, Radiologic Sciences
W eber State University
O gden, Utah
Kawamura_WB_FM.indd i 12/2/11 12:54 AM
P ublisher: Julie K. Stegman
S enior Product Manager: Heather Rybacki
P roduct Manager: Kristin Royer
M arketing Manager: Shauna Kelley
D esign Coordinator: Joan Wendt
A rt Director: Jennifer Clements
M anufacturing Coordinator: Margie Orzech
P roduction Services: Absolute Service, Inc.
C opyright © 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business
3 51 West Camden Street Two Commerce Square
B altimore, MD 21201 2001 Market Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103
T hird Edition
A ll rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced in any form by any
means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written
permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.
Materials appearing in the book prepared by individuals as part of their offi cial duties as U.S. government
employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright.
P rinted in China.
L ibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
C ataloging-in-Publication Data available upon request.

C are has been taken to confi rm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted
practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any
consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with
respect to the contents of the publication. Application of the information in a particular situation remains the
professional responsibility of the practitioner.
T he authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set
forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. How-
ever, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant fl ow of information
relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for
any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important
when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug.
S ome drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to
ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice.
T o purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at [phone] or fax
orders to [phone]. International customers should call [phone].
V isit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet: http://www.lww.com. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
customer service representatives are available from 8:30 am to 6:00 pm, EST.
1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Kawamura_WB_FM.indd iv 12/2/11 12:54 AM
Contents
1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................1
P ART 1 • ABDOMINAL SONOGRAPHY
2 The Abdominal Wall and Diaphragm ....................................................................9
3 The Peritoneal Cavity ..........................................................................................17
4 Vascular Structure ................................................................................................27
5 The Liver ..............................................................................................................37
6 The Gallbladder and Biliary System ....................................................................49
7 The Pancreas. .......................................................................................................59
8 The Spleen ...........................................................................................................69
9 The Gastrointestinal Tract ....................................................................................79
1 0 The Kidneys .........................................................................................................89
1 1 The Lower Urinary System .................................................................................101
1 2 The Prostate Gland ............................................................................................111
1 3 The Adrenal Glands ...........................................................................................119
1 4 The Retroperitoneum ........................................................................................129
P ART 2 • SUPERFICIAL STRUCTURE SONOGRAPHY
1 5 The Thyroid Gland, Parathyroid Glands, and Neck ...........................................137
1 6 The Breast ..........................................................................................................147
1 7 The Scrotum ......................................................................................................159
1 8 The Musculoskeletal System. .............................................................................169
P ART 3 • NEONATAL AND PEDIATRIC SONOGRAPHY
1 9 The Pediatric Abdomen. ....................................................................................177
2 0 The Pediatric Urinary System and Adrenal Glands. ...........................................185
2 1 The Neonatal Brain ............................................................................................193
2 2 The Infant Spine .................................................................................................205
2 3 The Infant Hip Joint ...........................................................................................213
v
Kawamura_WB_FM.indd v 12/2/11 12:54 AM
vi CONTENTS
P ART 4 • SPECIAL STUDY SONOGRAPHY
2 4 Organ Transplantation .......................................................................................221
2 5 Emergency Sonography ....................................................................................227
2 6 Foreign Bodies. ..................................................................................................233
2 7 Sonography-Guided Interventional Procedures ................................................237
Kawamura_WB_FM.indd vi 12/2/11 12:54 AM
1 Introduction
REVIEW OF GLOSSARY TERMS
MATCHING
Match the terms with their defi nitions.
Key Terms Defi nitions
1. Anechoic a. Describes portions of an image that are not as bright
as surrounding tissues or are less bright than normal
2. Echogenic b. How well an examination documents whatever
3. Echopenic disease or pathology is present
c. Describes tissues or organ structures that have
4. Isoechoic several different echo characteristics
d. Describes a structure that is less echogenic or has
5. Heterogeneous
few internal echoes
6. Homogeneous e. Describes the portion of an image that appears
echo free
7. Hyperechoic f. Ability of the examination to fi nd disease that is
8. Hypoechoic present and not fi nd disease that is not present
g. Describes image echoes brighter than surrounding
9. Specifi city tissues or brighter than is normal for that tissue or
organ
10. Sensitivity h. Refers to imaged echoes of equal intensity
11. Accuracy i. Describes structures of equal echo density
j. How well an examination documents normal
fi ndings or excludes patients without disease
k. Describes an organ or tissue that is capable of
producing echoes by refl ecting the acoustic beam
1
Kawamura_WB_CH01.indd 1 12/1/11 3:35 PM
2 1 — INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY REVIEW
IMAGE LABELING
Complete the labels in the images that follow.
A. C.
B. D.
1. Patient Positioning – What position is the patient in?
B.
A. C.
C.
2. Longitudinal Plane
B.
A. C.
D.
3. Coronal Plane
B.
A. C.
D.
4. Transverse Plane
Kawamura_WB_CH01.indd 2 12/1/11 3:35 PM