Table Of ContentWord
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vocabulary
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fluency
MARK HARRISON
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vocabulary
for
fluency
MARK HARRISON
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Ц LONGMAN
Addison Wesley Longman Limited
Edinburgh Gate, Harlow,
Essex CM20 2JE, England
and Associated Companies throughout the world.
© Author Mark Harrison 1990
This edition published by Addison Wesley Longman Limited 1996
Sixth impression 1998
ISBN 0-17-555873-6
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any format
(including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means) without
the prior written permission of the publishers or a licence permitting restricted
copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road,
London W1P 9HE.
Warning: the doing of an unauthorised act in relation to a copyright work may result
in both civil claims for damages and criminal prosecution.
Produced through Longman Malaysia, ACM
Contents
Introduction 5
Section A - Behaviour
Unit 1 Active/Sociable/Passive/Reserved 8
Unit 2 Careful/Conscientious/Careless/Impulsive 12
Unit 3 Honest/Truthful 18
Unit 4 Dishonest/Deceitful 22
Unit5 Kind/Grateful/Unkind/Selfish 27
Unit 6 Polite/Pleasant/Rude/Offensive 31
Unit 7 Shy/Confident/Arrogant 36
Unit 8 Stubborn/Determined 40
Unit 9 Tolerant/Intolerant 43
Section В - Feelings and States of Mind
Unit 10 Angry/Bad-tempered 48
Unit 11 Certain/Optimistic/Doubtful/Pessimistic 53
Unit 12 Confused/Bewildered 57
Unit 13 Vague/Incomprehensible/Clear 61
Unit 14 Embarrassed/Ashamed 65
Unit 15 Frightened/Terrified 68
Unit 16 Happy/Willing 73
Unit 17 Unhappy/Reluctant 78
Unit 18 Interested/Enthusiastic/Bored 83
Unit 19 Jealous/Resentful 87
Unit 20 Sorry 91
Unit 21 Surprised/Shocked 93
Unit 22 Want/Like/Dislike 98
Unit 23 Worried/Nervous 105
Unit 24 Relaxed/Relieved 111
Section С - Characteristics
Unit 25 Attractive/Good-looking 116
Unit 26 Dependent/Independent 119
Unit 27 Different/Similar 123
Unit 28 Friend 127
Unit 29 Funny 130
Unit 30 Important/Trivial 134
Contents
Unit 31 Luck/Chance/Coincidence 139
Unit 32 New/Old 143
Unit 33 Rich/Poor 147
Unit 34 Suitable/Convenient 151
Unit 35 Usual/Unusual/Strange 154
Section D - Thought, Knowledge and Ability
Unit 36 Ability 160
Unit 37 Anticipate/Predict 163
Unit 38 Concentrate/Interrupt 168
Unit 39 Consider/Change your Mind 171
Unit 40 Intelligent/Sensible 175
Unit 41 Stupid/Naive 178
Unit 42 Remember/Remind/Forget 181
Unit 43 Understand/Realise 185
Section E - Communicating
Unit 44 Agree/Co-operate/Disagree/Argue 190
Unit 45 Show/Prove 195
Unit 46 Suggest 199
Section F - Doing and Causing
Unit 47 Encourage/Discourage/Persuade/Force 202
Unit 48 Influence/Ignore 207
Unit 49 Involve/Interfere 210
Unit 50 Succeed/Fail 214
Appendix Irregular verbs 219
Answer Key 221
Index 231
Introduction
Word Perfect is intended for intermediate and guide to where a particular ‘subject’ or notion
advanced level students of English who wish to can be found than as a strict categorisation.
acquire a level of vocabulary through which
The book also contains an index for easy
they can express themselves naturally in
reference, and an appendix of irregular verbs.
contemporary English. The book aims to
increase students’ ability to express thoughts
Ensuring accuracy
and feelings, by providing a range of
alternative words and expressions suitable for Each entry in Word Perfect includes the
use in particular contexts. Such a range of information which students need to be able to
expression is clearly essential to achieving use the new items of vocabulary accurately.
fluency in any language. This information includes:
Prepositions
Organisation
Knowing which preposition to use with a
Word Perfect consists of 50 units which bring particular adjective, noun or verb is frequently
together words and expressions of similar a nightmare for non-native speakers of English.
meaning, of opposite meaning, or which are Word Perfect aims to solve this, problem by
related in some other way. For example, the indicating those prepositions which are most
unit entitled ‘Important/Trivial’ includes commonly used with a particular entry, and
adjectives of similar meaning to ‘important’ which students are therefore most likely to hear
such as ‘essential’ and 'crucial', adjectives of and need to use.
opposite meaning, such as ‘trivial’ and ‘minor',
Verb patterns
as well as related nouns, verbs and expressions
such as ‘a priority’, ‘to stress’, ‘to play down’, Another common problem is knowing what
and ‘so what?' Each entry is followed by a type of grammatical construction follows a
definition and by examples which show the use particular verb. Word Perfect tells the student
of the word or phrase in context. Where a word whether a verb is followed by a direct object,
has several different meanings, only those by a gerund or infinitive, by a ‘that’ clause, or
meanings related to the ‘theme’ of the unit are by a combination of two or more of these
included. By grouping words together in this features. For example:
way, Word Perfect clarifies many areas of to ignore (s.o./sth) - direct object
common confusion, and enables students to to feel like (sth/doing sth) - direct object or
differentiate between words and phrases of gerund
related meaning, and to discriminate in terms to manage (to do sth) - infinitive
of the appropriate context for use. to ensure (that...) - 'that' clause
The ‘reference’ section of each unit is followed Countable or uncountable?
by a variety of practice exercises, the majority Whether a noun is countable or uncountable is
of them in the style of the Cambridge First indicated by the use or omission of the
Certificate and Proficiency examinations. These indefinite article (‘a’ or ‘an’) in the entry. For
include multiple-choice, sentence- example:
transformation, gap-fill and word-building
a rip-off - countable
exercises. Students can check their answers by
an apology - countable
referring to the answer key at the back of the
guilt - uncountable
book.
In some cases, a noun may have both countable
The units are grouped together into six
and uncountable functions, and this is shown by
sections: Behaviour; Feelings and States of
its inclusion in both forms. For example:
Mind; Characteristics; Thought, Knowledge and
luxury - uncountable
Ability; Communicating; and Doing and
a luxury - countable
Causing. These sections are meant more as a
5
Introduction
Both forms are not always included, if one section of the unit carefully, paying particular
form is used less frequently than the other. attention to any grammatical features associated
with an entry. Reading the examples and seeing
Collocations
the new item of vocabulary in context will help
Words often tend to ‘collocate’ or be used in
you further to understand when and how it is
combination with certain other words. In order
used. Ideally, the practice exercises should not
to sound natural and achieve fluency in English,
be done immediately afterwards, since the aim
the non-native speaker must be familiar with
is to be able to produce the vocabulary at any
collocations. Word Perfect therefore includes
time, and the exercises should not simply be a
many examples of collocations. For example
short-span memory test. When you have done
‘luck’ is followed by ‘a stroke of luck', ‘a
the exercises, check your answers with the
complaint’ by ‘to make a complaint’, and other
answer key, referring back to the reference
collocations are included in their own right, for
section if you have made any mistakes.
example ‘to bear a grudge', ‘on average', and
‘by chance'. If you said ‘by average’ or You do not of course have to do the exercises,
‘through chance’ you would probably be and Word Perfect is very useful as a reference
understood, but you would not sound natural. book. The inclusion of an index means that you
can look up a word that you don’t know, or
How to use the book clarify for yourself a particular problem such as
the difference between ‘remember’ and ‘remind'.
The clarity of the definitions and examples, and
the inclusion of an answer key to the exercises, Word Perfect can also be used for exam
make Word Perfect ideal for self-study. You can preparation, to build vocabulary of the kind
work through each unit in sequence, or you can required for the Cambridge First Certificate and
use the contents page or index to choose a unit Proficiency examinations.
which interests you. Study the ‘reference’
Section A
Behaviour
Units 1-9
Unit 1
Active/Sociable/Passive/Reserved
Part 1
1 active She’s very active and plays a lot of sport.I Despite his age,
doing a lot of things; always busy he’s still quite active.
2 energetic She leads a very energetic life - she gets up early and
full of energy works very hard until late.
3 lively She was very lively tonight - she talked a lot and danced
full of life and energy a lot.
4 dynamic She’s a very dynamic woman and has become successful
full of energy and ideas; having a very quickly.
powerful personality
5 sociable They’re very sociable and like going to parties and
friendly; enjoying the company of spending time with other people.
other people
6 outgoing He’s a very outgoing sort of person and has got lots of
very friendly; always interested in friends.
meeting new people and doing
new things
7 talkative It’s very difficult to have a conversation with him because
liking or willing to talk a lot he’s not very talkative.
8 decisive You should be more decisive - you take too long to make
able to make decisions quickly up your mind.
and with certainty
9 an extrovert He’s an extrovert - when he’s with other people he’s often
a lively, sociable person who the centre of attention.
finds it easy to talk to people and
likes to attract attention
10 to be good company She's good company - she’s always got a good story to
to be an interesting and amusing tell.
person to be with
Part 2
1 passive His reaction was passive - although he didn’t like the
not active; accepting what situation, he didn’t argue.
happens to you without trying to
change or influence it
2 lazy He doesn’t like his job but he’s too lazy to look for
disliking activity; without the another one.
energy or interest to do anything
8
Unit 1 Active/Sociable/Passive/Reserved
3 apathetic She tried to organise a strike but the others were too
completely unenthusiastic or apathetic to join her.
uninterested; having no desire to
change a bad situation
4 quiet Although she’s quiet, it doesn’t mean that she doesn’t have
not saying very much strong opinions.
5 reserved She’s reserved and even if she’s angry she doesn’t say so.
not saying what you think or feel
6 subdued He normally has a lot to say but he was rather subdued
less talkative than usual last night - I wonder if there’s something wrong.
7 an introvert If she wasn’t such an introvert she would make friends
someone who is more interested more easily.
in their own thoughts and feelings
than in the world around them
Part 3
1 to act The situation is getting worse - you must act now, before
to do something positive about a it’s too late.
problem to try to solve it
2 initiative She shows great initiative and is a good candidate for
the ability to act and make promotion.
decisions without help from other
people
3 to use your initiative Why should I always have to tell you what to do? Use
to act without help from others, your initiative for once.
using your own judgement
4 to do something (about sth) I can’t just ignore the problem - I’ll have to do something
to take action in an attempt to about itJThe Government have promised to do something
solve a problem about the state of the roads.
5 to make up your mind Make up your mind what you want to do - I can’t wait
to decide forever for an answer.
6 to have go If you had a bit more go, you wouldn’t be so bored.
to have energy
7 to be on the go I must sit down. I’ve been on the go all day.
to be very busy and active
9
