Word Grammar: New Perspectives on a Theory of Language Structure

251 Pages·2006·11.77 MB·English

by  Kensei Sugayama

Word Grammar
New Perspectives on a Theory of Language Structure
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Word Grammar
New Perspectives on a Theory of Language Structure
edited by Kensei Sugayama and Richard Hudson
continuum
Continuum
The Tower Building 15 East 26th Street
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London SE1 7NX NY 10010
© Kensei Sugayama and Richard Hudson 2005
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in
writing from the publishers.
First published 2006
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN: 0-8264-8645-2 (hardback)
Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
To come
Typeset by BookEns Ltd, Royston, Herts.
Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall
The problem of the word has worried general linguists for the
best part of a century.
-P. H. Matthews
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Contents
Contributors xi
Preface xiii
Kensei Sugayama
Introduction 1
1. What is Word Grammar? 3
Richard Hudson
1. A Brief Overview of the Theory 3
2. Historical Background 5
3. The Cognitive Network 7
4. Default Inheritance 12
5. The Language Network 13
6. The Utterance Network 15
7. Morphology 18
8. Syntax 21
9. Semantics 24
10. Processing 27
11. Conclusions 28
Part I
Word Grammar Approaches to Linguistic Analysis:
Its explanatory power and applications 33
2. Case Agreement in Ancient Greek: Implications for a
theory of covert elements 35
Chet Creider and Richard Hudson
1. Introduction 35
2. The Data 35
3. The Analysis of Case Agreement 41
4. Non-Existent Entities in Cognition and in Language 42
5. Extensions to Other Parts of Grammar 46
6. Comparison with PRO and pro 49
7. Comparison with Other PRO-free Analyses 50
8. Conclusions 52
3. Understood Objects in English and Japanese with
Reference to Eat and Taberui A Word Grammar
account 54
Kensei Sugayama
1. Introduction 54
2. Word Grammar 56
viii WORD GRAMMAR: PERSPECTIVES ON LANGUAGE STRUCTURE
3. Eat in English 58
4. Taberu in Japanese 60
5. Conclusion 63
4. The Grammar of Be To: From a Word Grammar
point of view 67
Kensei Sugayama
1. Introduction and the Problem 67
2. Category of Be 68
3. Modal Be in Word Grammar 69
4. Morphological Aspects 70
5. Syntactic Aspects 71
6. Semantics of the Be To Construction 72
7. Should To be Counted as Part of the Lexical Item? 75
8. A Word Grammar Analysis of the Be To Construction 77
9. Conclusion 81
5. Linking in Word Grammar 83
Jasper Holmes
1. Linking in Word Grammar: The syntax semantics principle 83
2. The Event Type Hierarchy: The framework; event types;
roles and relations 103
3. Conclusion 114
6. Word Grammar and Syntactic Code-Mixing Research 117
Eva Eppler
1. Introduction 117
2. Constituent Structure Grammar Approaches to Intra-Sentential
Code-Mixing 118
3. A Word Grammar Approach to Code-Mixing 121
4. Word Order in Mixed and Monolingual 'Subordinate' Clauses 128
5. Summary and Conclusion 139
7. Word Grammar Surface Structures and HPSG Order
Domains 145
Takafumi Maekawa
1. Introduction 145
2. A Word Grammar Approach 146
3. An Approach in Constructional HPSG: Ginzburg and Sag 2000154
4. A Linearization HPSG Approach 160
5. Concluding Remarks 165
Part II
Towards a Better Word Grammar 169
8. Structural and Distributional Heads 171
Andrew Rosta
1. Introduction 171
2. Structural Heads 172
WORD GRAMMAR: PERSPECTIVES ON LANGUAGE STRUCTURE ix
3. Distributional Heads 172
4. Thai-Clauses 174
5. Extent Operators 174
6. Surrogates versus Proxies 177
7. Focusing Subjuncts: just, only, even 179
8. Pied-piping 181
9. Degree Words 181
10. Attributive Adjectives 182
11. Determiner Phrases 182
12. The type of Construction 184
13. Inside-out Interrogatives 185
14. 'Empty Categories' 187
15. Coordination 189
16. Correlatives 191
17. Dependency Types 191
18. Conclusion 199
9. Factoring Out the Subject Dependency 204
Nikolas Gisborne
1. Introduction 204
2. Dimensions of Subjecthood 205
3. The Locative Inversion Data 210
4. Factored Out Subjects 216
5. Conclusions 222
Conclusion 225
Kensei Sugayama
Author Index 227
Subject Index 229