Table Of ContentWOMEN'S WORK IN THE WORLD ECONOMY
ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY ECONOMICS
Congress Editor: Amartya Sen
Volume 1 MARKETS AND WELFARE
Kenneth J. Arrow (editor)
Volume 2 MACROECONOMICS AND ECONOMETRICS
Marc Nerlove (editor)
Volume 3 POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT
Partha Dasgupta (editor)
Volume 4 WOMEN'S WORK IN THE WORLD ECONOMY
Nancy Folbre, Barbara Bergmann, Bina Agarwal and
Maria Floro (editors)
Volume 5 THE GREEK ECONOMY: ECONOMIC POLICY FOR
THE 1990s
Thanos S. Skouras (editor)
Women's Work in the
World Economy
Edited by
Nancy Folbre
Barbara Bergmann
Bina Agarwal
and
Maria Floro
M
in association with the
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
MACMILLAN
© International Economic Association 1992
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First published in hardcover 1992 as
Issues in Contemporary Economics, Volume 4
First published in paperback 1993
UNESCO Subvention 1990-91/DG/7.6.2/SUB.16(SHS)
Published by
THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
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Companies and representatives
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ISBN 978-0-333-59294-6 ISBN 978-1-349-13188-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-13188-4
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library.
Contents
Preface by Amartya Sen ix
The International Economic Association Xlll
Acknowledgements xv
lEA Programme Committee XVi
Local Organising Committee and Local Advisory Board xvii
List of Contributors and Editors xviii
Abbreviations and Acronyms xx
Introduction: The Feminist Sphinx
Nancy Folbre xxiii
PART I GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT 1
1 Women, Work and Agricultural Commercialisation in
the Philippines
Maria Floro 3
2 Industrialisation Strategies and Gender Composition of
Manufacturing Employment in Turkey
Gunseli Berik and Nilufer <;agatay 41
3 Female-headed Households and Urban Poverty in
Pakistan
Yasmeen Mohiuddin 61
4 The Hidden Roots of the African Food Problem:
Looking within the Rural Household
Jeanne Koopman 82
v
vi Contents
PART II DEVELOPED COUNTRIES: GAINS AND
LOSSES 105
5 Economic Development and the Feminisation of Poverty
Tuovi Allen 107
6 Economic Independence of Women in the Netherlands
Marga Bruyn-Hundt 120
7 The Impact of Demographic Trends in the United
Kingdom on Women's Employment Prospects in the
1990s
Lynne Evans 132
8 Union Density and Women's Relative Wage Gains
Jean Fletcher and Sandra Gill 155
PART III PART-TIME MARKET WORK: CAUSES
AND CONSEQUENCES 167
9 The Effects of Japanese Income Tax Provisions on
Women's Labour Force Participation
Aiko Shibata 169
10 Women and Part-time Work: France and Great BI tain
Compared
Marie-Gabrielle David and Christophe Starzec 180
11 Differential Returns to Human Capital in Full-time and
Part-time Employment
John F. Ermisch and Robert E. Wright 195
12 Part-time Work in Sweden and its Implications for
Gender Equality
Marianne Sundstrom 213
PART IV EDUCATION AND FAMILY POLICY 225
13 Re-entrance into the Labour Market of Women
Graduates in Greece: The Results of an Experimental
Training Programme
Athena Petraki Kottis 227
Contents vii
14 Women in Higher Education: Recent Changes in the
United States
Mariam K. Chamberlain 240
15 The Impact of Population Policies on Women in
Eastern Europe: The German Democratic Republic
Lynn Duggan 250
Preface
Amartya Sen
'Reading maketh a full man', according to Francis Bacon, and
'conference a ready man'. Those who missed the Ninth World Con
gress of the International Economic Association, held at Athens
during August-September 1989, may no longer have the chance of
being 'ready' (for whatever), but these proceedings offer them an
opportunity of reading the papers presented there, and thus achiev
ing 'fullness' (presumably, a solid, if somewhat obscure, virtue). Less
immodestly, we at the International Economic Association are happy
to be able to make a selection of the many interesting and productive
papers presented at the Ninth World Congress available in book form
(in five volumes).
Each of the previous World Congresses of the International Econ
omic Association had one 'unifying' theme (the last one had the
theme 'The Balance between Industry and Agriculture in Economic
Development'l). The Ninth Congress had no such unique theme.
Instead papers were invited and contributions sought in a number of
different theme areas, covering different parts of the discipline of
economics. The purpose of choosing a plurality of themes was to
make it possible for economists all over the world to participate in
this World Congress despite wide variations in their specialisation.
To some extent this had been implicitly permitted in previous confer
ences too by taking a rather liberal view of the allegedly unifying
theme - and by practising what I can only describe as 'diversity in
unity'.
The Ninth Congress went a good deal further in making the con
ference open to economists of different interests and expertise. Since
these conferences are three-yearly phenomena, it seems unreason
able to make economists of particular specialisation wait many mul
tiples of three years for their turn to come up. We were rewarded in
the Ninth Congress by the attendance of economists of widely differ
ent fields and practice. As the variety of papers in these volumes
indicate, the range of economic issues covered was quite remarkable.
The programme consisted of twenty-two sections - fifteen sections
for presentation of invited and contributed papers and seven sections
ix
x Preface
for panel discussion. The conference was planned by a Programme
Committee, which I was privileged to chair. Each member of the
committee took particular responsibility for inviting and selecting
papers for one session.
Paper Sections
1. General microeconomics (Takas hi Negishi)
2. General macroeconomics (Jean-Paul Fitoussi)
3. Welfare and social choice (Kenneth Arrow)
4. Econometrics (Marc Nerlove)
5. Centrally Planned Economies (Bela Csik6s-Nagy)
6. Economic History (Marcello de Cecco)
7. International Economics (Elhanan Helpman)
8. Economic Development (Victor Urquidi)
9. Labour Economics (Richard Layard)
10. Public Economics (Lawrence Summers)
11. Industrial Economics (Jean Gabszewicz)
12. Agricultural Economics (Glenn Johnson)
13. Food and Nutrition (Amartya Sen)
14. Theory of Policy (Heraklis Polemarchakis)
15. Economics of Integration (George Kottis)
Panel Sections
P.1. Women's and Men's Role in the Economy of the Future (Barbara
Bergmann)
P.2. The Greek Economy Today (Thanos Skouros)
P.3. Game Theory and Economics (Partha Dasgupta)
P.4. Rational Expectations after the Event (Frank Hahn)
P.S. Neo-Marxian Perspectives on Production Relations and Property
Rights (Stephen Marglin)
P.6. What Remains of Development Economics? (Louis Lefeber)
P.7. Social Justice and Quality of Life (Zdzislaw Sadowski)
The Programme Committee refereed the papers proposed for pre
sentation, and the final programme was drawn up on that basis. I take
this opportunity of thanking the members of the Programme Com
mittee for their immense help in making the Ninth World Congress a
success. Not only did they select, severally or jointly, the invited
paper writers and assess the contributed papers, but they were also
