Women Scientists in America: Struggles and Strategies to 1940

470 Pages·1982·86.874 MB·English

by  Professor Margaret W. Rossiter

omen
Scientists
in America
Struggles a,1d Strategies to 1940
MARGARET W ROSSITER

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WOMEN SCIENTISTS IN AMERICA
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omen
Scientists
in America
//
Struggles and Strategies to 1940
MARGARET W ROSSITER
The Johns Hopkins University Press
Baltimore and London
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P'HU"aOROWCMt, OWi,
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This book has been brought to publication with the
generous assistance of the National Endowment for the Humanities.
CopyrighL © 1982 by The Johns Hopkins University Press
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Originally published, 1982
Second printing, 1983
Third printing, 1984
Johns Hopkins Paperbacks edition, 1984
The Johns Hopkins University P:ress. Baltimore, Maryland 21218
The Johns Hopkins Press Ltd .. London
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication DaLa
Rossiter, Margaret W.
\¥omen scientists in America.
Bibliography: p. 399
lncludes index.
l. \¥omen scientists-United States.
2. Women in science-Uoitecll Stares. I. Title
Q130.R68 331.4'815'0973 81-20902
lSBN 0-8018-2443-5 AACR2
ISBN 0-8018-2509-1
CONTENTS
Illustrations VII
Tables IX
Preface XI
Acknowledg1nents XIII
Introduction xv
I. Won1en 's Colleges: The Entering Wedge 1
2. Doccorates: Infilcracion and Creative Philanthropy 29
3. '·Women's Work .. in Science 51
4. A Manly Profession 73
-
5. The Women's Movement, the War. and Madame Curie 100
6. Growth. Containment, and Overqual ification 129
7. Acaden1ic En1ployment: Protest and Prestige 160
8. Government Employment: Paper Reforms
218
but Expanded Segregation
9. Industrial and Other Employment: Stoicism.
248
Versatility, and Vocational Guidance
I 0. Double Standards and Underrecognition:
Territorial and Hierarchical Discrimination 267
I I. Women's Clubs and Prizes: Compensatory Recognition 297
313
Conclusion
317
Abbreviations
319
Notes
399
Bibliography
417
Index
V