Women Entrepreneurs and Business Empowerment in Muslim Countries

276 Pages·2022·7.284 MB·English

by  Minako Sakai, Amelia Fauzia

GENDER, DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL CHANGE
SERIES EDITOR: WENDY HARCOURT
Women Entrepreneurs
and Business
Empowerment in
Muslim Countries
Minako Sakai
Amelia Fauzia
Gender, Development and Social Change
Series Editor
Wendy Harcourt, The International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus
University, The Hague, The Netherlands
The Gender, Development and Social Change series brings together path-
breaking writing from gender scholars and activist researchers who are
engaged in development as a process of transformation and change. The
series pinpoints where gender and development analysis and practice are
creating major ‘change moments’. Multidisciplinary in scope, it features
some of the most important and innovative gender perspectives on devel-
opment knowledge, policy and social change. The distinctive feature of
the series is its dual nature: to publish both scholarly research on key
issues informing the gender and development agenda as well as featuring
young scholars and activists’ accounts of how gender analysis and prac-
tice is shaping political and social development processes. The authors
aim to capture innovative thinking on a range of hot spot gender and
development debates from women’s lives on the margins to high level
global politics. Each book pivots around a key ‘social change’ moment or
process conceptually envisaged from an intersectional, gender and rights
based approach to development.
·
Minako Sakai Amelia Fauzia
Women Entrepreneurs
and Business
Empowerment
in Muslim Countries
Minako Sakai Amelia Fauzia
The University of New South Wales Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic
Canberra, ACT, Australia University
Banten, Indonesia
ISSN 2730-7328 ISSN 2730-7336 (electronic)
Gender, Development and Social Change
ISBN 978-3-031-05953-7 ISBN 978-3-031-05954-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05954-4
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer
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Acknowledgements
This research draws on discussions with inspiring Muslim women in
Indonesia. We thank all of you who have shared your thoughts through
countless hours of discussion throughout our journey to finish this book.
In addition to those who appear in our book, many other mompreneurs
shared their thoughts with us. We also met many supportive family
members that stand behind great mompreneurs.
Research students and Visiting Fellows in the Asia Pacific Develop-
ment Security Group, the University of New South Wales, Canberra
offered valuable input at various stages of this project. Our thanks go
to Dr. Bhirawa Anoraga, Dr. Ajie Saksono, Juel Kutub, Hadi Noori,
Farhat Hamid, Pinkey Rani Paul and Sammy Chapman, Dr. Rafisah Mat
Radzi, Dr. Stephen Sherlock for offering valuable input at various stages
of this project through seminars and conference panels. Dr. Bhirawa
Anoraga and Dr. Haula Noor also offered timely research assistance. Dr.
Sally Burt and Melita Eagling have assisted us with the editing of the
manuscript. The University of New South Wales, the State Islamic Univer-
sity of Jakarta and the Ford Foundation, Jakarta generously supported this
project.
The idea of this book emerged at a workshop, we co-convened with
Professor Samina Yasmeen on Narratives of Muslim Womanhood, held
at UNSW Canberra in 2014. Our findings and arguments have been
discussed and tested through presentations at other conferences, work-
shops and through publications. We appreciate insightful discussions with
v
vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Professor James Piscatori, Professor Azyumardi Azra, Professor Louise
Edwards, Professor Kathy Robinson and Associate Professor Felix Tan
that helped develop our thinking and findings.
We owe our special thanks to our family, husbands and sons, who have
fully supported the writing journey of two mothers and wives over years.
January 2022 Minako Sakai
Amelia Fauzia
Contents
1 Women Entrepreneurs, Islam and the Middle Class 1
Minako Sakai and Amelia Fauzia
2 Women and Entrepreneurship in Muslim Countries 45
Minako Sakai
3 Conditions for the Rise of Muslim Mompreneurs
in Indonesia 87
Amelia Fauzia
4 Predicaments of Unmarried Career Women 131
Minako Sakai
5 Exemplifying Muslim Mompreneurs in Indonesia 169
Minako Sakai
6 To Be or Not to Be a Muslim Mompreneur in Indonesia 207
Minako Sakai
7 Negotiating Patriarchy as Contemporary Khadijah
and Aishah 245
Minako Sakai
Glossary 259
Index 263
vii
About the Authors
Minako Sakai is an anthropologist, and is Associate Professor and Deputy
Head of School (Research) at the School of Humanities and Social
Sciences at the University of New South Wales, Canberra.
Amelia Fauzia is a social historian, and is Professor and Director for Social
Trust Fund at Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta.
She is a Senior Visiting Fellow with the School of Humanities and Social
Sciences at the University of New South Wales, Canberra.
ix
Abbreviations
BEKRAF Badan Ekonomi Kreatif or Creative Economy Agency
BKKBN Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional or
National Family Planning Board
BKMT Badan Kontak Majelis Taklim or Majelis Taklim Coordinating
Body
BMT Baitul Maal wat Tamwil, Islamic Savings and Credit Institution
BUEKA Bina Usaha Ekonomi Keluarga Aisyiyah, Aisyiyah Family
Economic Business Development Unit
GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
ICMI Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia, Indonesian Association
of Muslim Intellectuals
ICT Information Communication Technology
ILO International Labour Organization
IPB Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor Agricultural Institute
IPEMI Ikatan Pengusaha Muslimah Indonesia, Indonesian Muslim
Women Entrepreneurs Association
IWAPI Ikatan Wanita Pengusaha Indonesia, Indonesian Business
Women’s Association
KADIN Kamar Dagang dan Industri Indonesia, Indonesian Chamber of
Commerce and Industry
KNEKS Komite Nasional Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah, Committee
for Islamic Economy and Finance
LKKNU Lembaga Kemaslahatan Keluarga NU, Nahdlatul Ulama Institute
for Family Welfare
MUI Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Indonesian Council of Islamic Scholars
NGO Non-governmental organisation
xi