Table Of ContentWomen, Art and Money in Late Victorian and
Edwardian England
Women, Art and Money in Late
Victorian and Edwardian England
Contextualizing Art Markets
This series presents new, original research that reconceives the scope and function
of art markets throughout history by examining them in the context of broader
institutional practices, knowledge networks, social structures, collecting activities, and
creative strategies. In many cases, art market activities have been studied in isolation
from broader themes within art history, a trend that has tended to stifle exchange
across disciplinary boundaries. Contextualizing Art Markets seeks to foster increased
dialogue between art historians, artists, curators, economists, gallerists, and other
market professionals by contextualizing art markets around the world within wider art
historical discourses and institutional practices.
The series has been developed in the belief that the reciprocal relation between art and
finance is undergoing a period of change: artists are adopting innovative strategies
for the commercial promotion of their work, auction houses are expanding their
educational programmes, art fairs are attracting unprecedented audience numbers,
museums are becoming global brands, private galleries are showing increasingly
‘curated’ exhibitions, and collectors are establishing new exhibition spaces. As the
divide between public and private practices narrows, questions about the social and
ethical impact of market activities on the production, collection, and reception of art
have become newly pertinent. By combining trends within the broader discipline of
art history with investigations of marketplace dynamics, Contextualizing Art Markets
explores the imbrication of art and economics as a driving force behind the aesthetic
and social development of the art world. We welcome proposals that debate these
issues across a range of historical periods and geographies.
Series Editor:
Kathryn Brown, Loughborough University, UK
Editorial Board:
Véronique Chagnon-Burke, Christie’s Education, USA
Christel H. Force, Metropolitan Museum of Art, USA
Charlotte Galloway, Australian National University, Australia
Mel Jordan, Royal College of Art, UK
Alain Quemin, Université Paris-8, France
Mark Westgarth, University of Leeds, UK
Forthcoming Volumes in the Series:
Old Masters Worldwide: Markets, Museums and Movements, edited by
Susanna Avery-Quash and Barbara Pezzini
Reframing Japonisme: Women and the Asian Art Market in Nineteenth-Century
France (1853–1914), by Elizabeth Emery
Pioneers of the Global Art Market: Paris-Based Dealer Networks, 1850–1950,
edited by Christel H. Force
Collecting Prints, Posters and Ephemera: Perspectives in a Global World,
edited by Ruth E. Iskin and Britany Salsbury
Corporate Patronage of Art & Architecture in the United States, Late 19th Century
to the Present, edited by Monica E. Jovanovich and Melissa Renn
Théodore Rousseau and the Rise of the Modern Art Market: An Avant-Garde
Landscape Painter in Nineteenth-Century France, by Simon Kelly
Ethnographic Collecting and African Agency in Early Colonial West Africa: A Study of
Trans-Imperial Cultural Flows, by Zachary Kingdon
iv
Women, Art and Money in Late
Victorian and Edwardian England
The Hustle and the Scramble
Maria Quirk
BLOOMSBURY VISUAL ARTS
Bloomsbury Publishing Inc
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50 Bedford Square, London, WC1B 3DP, UK
BLOOMSBURY, BLOOMSBURY VISUAL ARTS and the Diana logo
are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc
First published in the United States of America 2019
Copyright © Maria Quirk, 2019
For legal purposes the Acknowledgements on p. xi constitute an extension
of this copyright page.
Cover image: Self Portrait, 1889 (oil on canvas) Childers, Emily (Milly) (1866-1922)
© Leeds Museums and Galleries (Leeds Art Gallery) U.K./Bridgeman Images
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission
in writing from the publishers.
Bloomsbury Publishing Plc does not have any control over, or responsibility for, any
third-party websites referred to or in this book. All internet addresses given in this
book were correct at the time of going to press. The author and publisher regret any
inconvenience caused if addresses have changed or sites have ceased to exist, but
can accept no responsibility for any such changes.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Title: Women, art and money in late Victorian and Edwardian England :
the hustle and the scramble / Maria Quirk.
Description: New York : Bloomsbury Visual Arts, Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2019. |
Series: Contextualizing art markets | Based on the author’s thesis (doctoral)–University
of Queensland, 2015. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019007178 (print) | LCCN 2019007562 (ebook) | ISBN 9781501343063
(ePub) | ISBN 9781501343070 (ePDF) | ISBN 9781501343056 (hardback : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Women artists–England–Economic conditions. | Art–Economic
aspects–England–History–19th century. | Art–Economic aspects–England–History–
20th century. | Art and society–England–History–19th century. | Art and society–
England–History–20th century.
Classification: LCC N8354 (ebook) | LCC N8354 .Q57 2019 (print) | DDC 704/.042–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019007178
ISBN: HB: 978-1-5013-4305-6
ePDF: 978-1-5013-4307-0
eBook: 978-1-5013-4306-3
Series: Contextualizing Art Markets
Typeset by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India
To find out more about our authors and books visit www.bloomsbury.com
and sign up for our newsletters.
This book is dedicated to my parents, Patricia and Michael Quirk.
viii
Contents
List of Abbreviations x
Acknowledgements xi
Series Editor’s Introduction xii
Introduction: Money, Professionalism and Reputation 1
Part One From Student to Studio
1 Training for the Market 21
2 Commerce and Family in the Home Studio 38
3 Single Ladies and Studio Celebrities 59
Part Two Commerce, Enterprise, Display
4 Academy Politics 75
5 Members of the Club 89
6 Making a Living through Middle-Class Demand 114
7 Portraiture and Patronage 142
8 Illustrating Success 161
Conclusion 191
Appendix 1 196
Appendix 2 204
Select Bibliography 212
Index 224
