Wireless Discrete-Time Receivers

189 Pages·2022·9.995 MB·English

by  Massoud Tohidian, Iman Madadi, Amir Bozorg, Robert Bogdan Staszewski

WirelessDiscrete-TimeReceivers
This book is the first comprehensive guide to discrete-time (DT) receivers (RX),
discussingthefundamentalconceptsandimplicationsofthetechnology.Itwillserve
asanessentialreference,coveringthenecessarybuildingblocksofthisfield,suchas
low-noise transconductance amplifiers, current-driven mixers, DT band-pass filters,
andDTlow-passfilters.Aswellasaddressingthebasics,theauthorspresentthemost
recent state-of-the-art techniques applied to the DT RX blocks. A step-by-step style
is used to allow readers to develop the required skills to design the DT receivers at
thearchitecturallevelwhileprovidingin-depthknowledgeofthedetails.Writtenby
leadingexpertsinthefieldsofacademia,research,andindustry,thisbookprovidesan
excellentreferencetothesubjectforawideaudience,frompostgraduatestudentsto
experiencedresearchersandprofessionalsworkingwithRFcircuits.
Massoud Tohidian is currently Chief Technology Officer and a managing partner at
QualinxBV,ahigh-techfablesssemiconductorcompanyusingdigitalRFtechniques.
Hehasbeeninvolvedindevelopinglow-powerCMOSwirelesschipsforthecompany.
Dr.TohidianhasaPhDfromDelftUniversityofTechnologyinelectricalengineering.
ImanMadadiisCEOandcofounderofQualinxBV,ahigh-techfablesssemiconductor
companyusingdigitalRFtechniques.Dr.MadadiholdsaPhDfromDelftUniversity
ofTechnologyinelectricalengineering.
AmirBozorgiscurrentlyapostdoctoralresearchscientistatUniversityCollegeDublin
and at Equal1 Labs. Dr. Bozorg holds a PhD from University College Dublin in
electrical engineering and has authored several IEEE journal papers and holds four
issuedUSpatentsinthefieldofRF-CMOSdesign.
Robert Bogdan Staszewski is a full professor of electronic circuits at University
College Dublin and a guest professor at Delft University of Technology. Professor
StaszewskiisanIEEEFellowandarecipientofthe2012IEEECircuitsandSystems
IndustrialPioneerAward.HeisalsoacofounderofEqual1Labs.Hespent14yearsat
TexasInstrumentsdesigningwirelesstransceiversbasedonthepresentedtechnology.

Wireless Discrete-Time
Receivers
MASSOUD TOHIDIAN
QualinxBV,Delft
IMAN MADADI
QualinxBV,Delft
AMIR BOZORG
UniversityCollegeDublin
ROBERT BOGDAN STASZEWSKI
UniversityCollegeDublin
UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom
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103PenangRoad,#05–06/07,VisioncrestCommercial,Singapore238467
CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge.
ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof
education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence.
www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107194700
DOI:10.1017/9781108163620
©CambridgeUniversityPress2022
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2022
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Tohidian,Massoud,1985–author.
Title:Wirelessdiscrete-timereceivers:monograph/MassoudTohidian,QualinxB.V.,Delft,
CTOandCo-founder,ImanMadadi,QualinxB.V.,Delft,CTOandCo-founder,
AmirBozorg,UniversityCollegeDublin,SchoolofElectricalandElectronicEngineering,
RobertBogdanStaszewski,UniversityCollegeDublin,SchoolofElectricaland
ElectronicEngineering.
Othertitles:Discrete-timereceivers
Description:NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,2022.|
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2021056116(print)|LCCN2021056117(ebook)|
ISBN9781107194700(hardback)|ISBN9781108163620(epub)
Subjects:LCSH:Radio–Transmitter-receivers–Designandconstruction.|
Wirelesscommunicationsystems–Equipmentandsupplies–Designandconstruction.|
Timingcircuits–Designandconstruction.|Discrete-timesystems.
Classification:LCCTK6564.3.T642022(print)|LCCTK6564.3(ebook)|
DDC621.384–dc23/eng/20220113
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2021056116
LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2021056117
ISBN978-1-107-19470-0Hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracy
ofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication
anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,
accurateorappropriate.
Tomyparents
—AmirBozorg
Tomyparents:KazimierzandIrena.
ToSunisa,Alexander,andErik.
—RobertBogdanStaszewski

Contents
Preface pagexi
1 FundamentalsofDiscrete-TimeRFReceivers 1
1.1 WhyDiscreteTime? 1
1.2 OverviewofWirelessReceiverArchitectures 2
1.3 Discrete-TimeConcepts 4
1.3.1 Direct-SamplingMixer 4
1.3.2 TemporalMovingAverage 5
1.3.3 High-RateIIRFiltering 7
1.3.4 AdditionalSpatialMAFilteringZeros 8
1.3.5 Lower-RateIIRFiltering 10
1.3.6 CascadedMTDSMFiltering 11
1.3.7 Near-FrequencyInterfererAttenuation 12
1.3.8 SignalProcessingExample 12
1.3.9 MTDSMFeedbackPath 14
1.4 DTZIFReceiver:1×and2×Sampling 15
1.4.1 1×SamplinginZero-IF 17
1.4.2 2×SamplinginZero-IF 18
1.5 4×SamplingforDTHigh-IFReceiver 19
1.5.1 2×SamplinginSuperheterodyne 19
1.5.2 4×SamplingSignalProcessingTechnique 21
1.6 Conclusion 22
2 FirstStage:Low-NoiseTransconductanceAmplifier 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 OverviewofNoise-Cancelationand-ReductionTechniques 25
2.2.1 ConventionalNoise-CancelationTechnique 25
2.2.2 Noise-ReductionTechnique 26
2.3 Noise-ReductionNoise-CancelationLNTA 30
2.3.1 InputMatching 31
2.3.2 GainAnalysis 32
2.3.3 NoiseAnalysis 34
2.3.4 LinearityandStability 36
2.3.5 MeasurementResults 38
viii Contents
2.4 TwoFoldCross-CoupledWidebandLNTAarchitecture 43
2.4.1 Cross-CoupledCommon-GateLNA 43
2.5 BasicCommon-GateNoise-CancelingStructure 45
2.5.1 Noise-CancelingStructurewithInputCross-Coupling 47
2.5.2 Addingg -Cell 48
m
2.5.3 FinalStructurewithaSecondNoiseCancelation 49
2.5.4 InputMatching 50
2.5.5 GainAnalysis 50
2.5.6 NoiseAnalysis 51
2.5.7 Linearity 54
2.6 Conclusion 54
3 Discrete-TimeHigh-OrderLow-PassFilter 55
3.1 LPFStructure 55
3.2 BasicDiscrete-TimeLow-PassIIRFilters 56
3.2.1 First-OrderFilter 56
3.2.2 Second-OrderFilter 60
3.2.3 Higher-OrderFilters 61
3.3 NovelHigh-OrderDTIIRLow-PassFilter 62
3.3.1 Charge-RotatingDTFilter 62
3.3.2 StepResponse 63
3.3.3 TransferFunction 64
3.3.4 EqualizationoftheTransferFunction 66
3.3.5 SamplingRateIncrease 69
3.3.6 RobustnesstoPVTVariations 70
3.4 NoiseAnalysis 71
3.4.1 NoiseofTransconductanceCell 71
3.4.2 NoiseofSwitched-CapacitorNetwork 72
3.5 DesignandImplementation 76
3.5.1 DesignoftheSeventh-OrderCharge-RotatingDTFilter 77
3.5.2 Implementation 79
3.6 MeasurementResults 79
3.7 Conclusion 85
4 Discrete-TimeBand-PassFilter 87
4.1 Introduction 87
4.2 OverviewofBand-PassFiltering 88
4.3 Charge-SharingBand-passFilter(CS-BPF) 89
4.3.1 BPFUnitStructure 90
4.3.2 CS-BPFContinuous-TimeModel 94
4.4 NoiseAnalysisofCS-BPF 95
4.4.1 VoltageSamplerOutputNoise 96
4.4.2 DTCS-BPFNoiseModel 97
4.5 CircuitImplementation 100
Contents ix
4.6 MeasurementResults 102
4.6.1 TestSetup 102
4.7 Conclusion 106
5 Discrete-TimeReceivers:CaseStudies 107
5.1 GSMReceiverFront-EndArchitecturein90nmCMOS 107
5.1.1 Low-NoiseAmplifier 107
5.1.2 TAandMixer 109
5.1.3 Switched-CapacitorFilter(SCF) 110
5.1.4 DigitallyControlledOscillator 112
5.1.5 SiliconRealization 112
5.1.6 GSMRXFront-EndPerformance 113
5.2 Feedback-BasedSuperheterodyneReceiverin65nmCMOS 115
5.2.1 High-QRFBPFStructure 116
5.2.2 MeasurementResults 120
5.3 DTSuperheterodyneReceiverin65nmCMOS 122
5.3.1 Structure 123
5.3.2 SamplingMixer 125
5.3.3 ReceiverChain 125
5.3.4 FrequencyTranslation 126
5.3.5 SelectionofIFFrequency 129
5.3.6 BasebandSignalProcessing 129
5.3.7 DigitalEqualization 132
5.3.8 ClockWaveformGenerator 133
5.3.9 MeasurementResults 134
5.4 SAW-lessDTSuperheterodyneReceiverin28nmCMOS 138
5.4.1 NewSAW-lessSuperheterodyneReceiver 140
5.4.2 DTCharge-SharingBand-PassFilter(CS-BPF) 141
5.4.3 ConventionalQuadratureCS-BPF 141
5.4.4 8/8-PhaseCS-BPF 143
5.4.5 8/16-PhaseCS-BPF 143
5.4.6 GeneralM/N-PhaseCS-BPF 144
5.4.7 HarmonicRejection 146
5.4.8 CS-BPFHarmonicRejectionConcept 148
5.4.9 DesignandImplementationoftheReceiverChain 150
5.4.10 4/16-Phaseand8/16-PhaseCS-BPFs 150
5.4.11 ClockGenerationCircuitry 151
5.4.12 Low-NoiseTransconductanceAmplifier(LNTA) 152
5.4.13 IFStageTransconductanceAmplifier 153
5.4.14 MeasurementResults 154
5.5 Conclusion 162
References 163
Index 172