Wireless Communication Using Dual Antenna Arrays

145 Pages·2002·3.22 MB·english

by  Da-shan Shiu

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WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION
USING DUAL
ANTENNA ARRAYS
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THE KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES
IN ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE
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WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION
USING DUAL
ANTENNA ARRAYS
by
Da-shan Shiu
QUALCOMM, INC., U.S.A.
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
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eBookISBN: 0-306-47327-5
Print ISBN: 0-792-38680-9
©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers
New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow
All rights reserved
No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher
Created in the United States of America
Visit Kluwer Online at: http://www.kluweronline.com
and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://www.ebooks.kluweronline.com
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To my parents
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CONTENTS
1. FOREWORD xi
2. PREFACE xiii
3. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv
4. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Dual Antenna Array Systems........................................................ 1
1.2 Systems Having Multiple Antennas at Both the Transmitter and
the Receiver...................................................................................2
1.3 Overview.......................................................................................3
5. BACKGROUND 7
2.1 Channel and Noise Model..............................................................8
2.2 Channel Capacity................................................................................9
2.3 Asymptotic Behavior of Channel Capacity................................ 11
2.4 Channel capacity when the receiver does not have CSI.............. 12
2.5 Discussion....................................................................................13
2.6 Summary......................................................................................14
Appendix ........................................................................... 15
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viii
6. SPATIAL FADING CORRELATION AND ITS EFFECTS
ON CHANNEL CAPACITY 17
3.1 Introduction................................................................................. 17
3.2 Scatterer Model and Spatial Fading Correlation ......................... 19
3.3 Analysis of Channel Capacity.....................................................24
3.3.1Bounds on Channel Capacity................................... 26
3.3.2 Effective Degrees of Freedom.................................. 29
3.4 Simulation Results.......................................................................... 31
3.4.1 Simulation Algorithm................................................. 32
3.4.2Results......................................................................33
3.5 Two-Ring Model......................................................................... 39
3.6 Summary......................................................................................41
7. POWER-ALLOCATIONSTRATEGY 45
4.1 Introduction.................................................................................45
4.2 Power-Allocation Strategies........................................................ 48
4.2.1 Optimum Power-Allocation Strategy.......................48
4.2.2 Uniform Power-Allocation Strategy ........................50
4.2.3 Effects of Fading Correlation................................... 51
4.2.4 Asymptotical Behavior of Channel Capacity with
Optimal Power Allocation................................................. 53
4.3 Blind Transmission Systems ....................................................... 54
4.3.1 Stochastic Water-Filling in the Downlink................ 55
4.3.2 Optimality of Uniform Power Allocation
in the Uplink.............................................................56
4.4 Capacity Penalty From One-dimensional Processing of
Multi-dimensional Signals........................................................... 57
4.4.1 ZF and MMSE Successive Interference Cancellation .
58
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4.4.2 Downlink Analysis.....................................................60
4.4.3 Uplink Analysis........................................................... 61
4.5 Capacity Results............................................................................ 63
4.6 Summary......................................................................................65
8. LAYERED SPACE-TIME CODES: ANALYSIS AND
DESIGN CRITERIA 69
5.1 Introduction................................................................................ 69
5.2 Space-Time Codes...................................................................... 71
5.2.1 Notation....................................................................71
5.2.2 Space-Time Codes with ML Decoding: Performance
and Complexity.................................................................72
5.3 Layered Space-Time Architecture.............................................. 73
5.3.1Encoding ..................................................................73
5.3.2 Decoding .................................................................75
5.4 Error-Probability Analysis For Layered Space-Time Codes...... 77
5.4.1 Expressions for the Decision Variables.................... 77
5.4.2 Performance of HLST Codes................................... 78
5.4.3 Performance of DLST Codes...................................79
5.4.4 Performance Comparison: DLST vs. HLST............ 81
5.4.5 DLST Codes: Design Criteria and Trade-offs.......... 81
5.5 Operational Aspects of LST Codes............................................. 84
5.5.1ConvolutionalCodes as the Constituent Codes ....... 84
5.5.2 Block Codes as the Constituent Codes..................... 91
5.6 Summary......................................................................................95
Appendix I: ML Decoding Error Analysis ............................ 98
Appendix II: Accurate Computation of Average Pairwise Error
Probability........................................................ 100
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