Wire Array Infrared Metamaterial Fibres

246 Pages·2017·23.27 MB·English

Wire Array Infrared Metamaterial
Fibres: Fabrication and Applications
A thesis submitted in fulfilment
of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
by
Juliano Grigoleto Hayashi
School of Physics
Faculty of Science
University of Sydney
Australia
January/2018
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Statement of originality
To the best of my knowledge, I certify that this thesis contains no copy of
work published by another person. This thesis has not been submitted for
any degree or other purposes.
Juliano Grigoleto Hayashi
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Acknowledgements
The submission of this thesis represents the conclusion of a long journey, and
a large number of people must be remembered and thanked.
Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisors (the Jedi council, as I call
themonmyhead): AlexArgyros,SimonFleming,BorisKuhlmeyandAlessio
Stefani, foralltheirsupport, advice, patienceandteachingsthroughoutthese
last four year. Without their help, this work would not have been possible. I
had a fantastic experience through their supervision, and I cannot properly
quantify the lessons I will always take with me in my future academic career.
Many thanks (we finally got here).
A special acknowledgement must be made to my friend Richard Lwin
from his many contributions. Thank you, Richard, for all your help with
the tower, the drawing, the purchases, paperwork, the doubts about living
in Australia, the advice and priceless lessons (many, many of the last one). I
feel that part of this work is also yours, and I would like to dedicate this to
you.
Throughoutthesenearlyfouryearsofresearch,variouscontributionshave
been made by other researchers, and these must be acknowledged here.
Stuart Jackson and several members of his team helped and supported
the MIR subdiffraction imaging and lifetime experiments performed at Mac-
quarie University. Thank you, Stuart, for opening your labs for me, for all
the discussions, the expensive fibres, and your overall support on both exper-
iments (I’m really sorry for the dead pixels). Your help was essential in the
last part of my PhD. Thank you, Sergei Antipov, for your huge help with the
fibre lasers. Thank you, Robert Woodward, Matthew Majewski and Darren
Hudson for all your help and discussions. Regarding other colleagues from
Macquarie University, I would also like to thank Benjamin Johnston and
Alex Stokes for their laser micro-machining in the metallic foils employed in
the embedding of our tapered hyperlenses (this was a crucial part in the fab-
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rication of the final hyperlenses). Thank you for your time and contribution.
All the SEM imaging and FIB milling presented in this thesis were per-
formed at the Australian Center for Microscopy and Microanalysis (ACMM
- The University of Sydney). Therefore, I would like to thank their members
for their technical support, particularly Patrick Trimby and Ashalatha In-
diradevi. At the School of Physics, the filling of the metamaterial preforms
was performed at the Applied and Plasma Physics Research Group. Thank
you, Cenk Kocer for the use of your resistance oven.
On a more personal note, I cannot end without thanking friends and
family.
Firstly, I would like to thank and dedicate this thesis to my former super-
visor Cristiano Cordeiro from UNICAMP (where everything started), for all
his teachings and support. These were crucial in my earlier formation, and
his help was essential in the choice and acceptance to this PhD. Thank you,
Cristiano.
I would like to thanks all my friend from the Legacy team, especially my
great friend Ben Law for all the good times and “catch-ups” we had here in
Sydney. Thanks, Franny (the best and cutest dog in Australia), for all your
love and joy you brought me every day when I arrived late at home. Im sure
I will miss you a lot.
Huge and special thanks must also be given to my dear fiancee Larissa
Veiga, for all her love, laughs, trust, patience and support (apoio familiar)
through these years (decades in my mind), since the old days back in Brazil.
I would like to dedicate this thesis to her as well.
Since Im already getting a bit emotional, I would like to give giant thanks
and also dedicate this thesis to my second mom, Dinha, that always believed
inmeandofferedhersupport(always!). Shealwaysdideverythingtosupport
me, especially in my education (my first English classes, my years through
undergrad). Without a doubt, this thesis would not be possible without her,
from whom I also have learned the meaning of hard work without complain-
ing. Im extremely thankful for all that, and I know you are proud of this
achievement (our achievement, because part of this thesis is yours as well).
Thank you.
Finally, I would like to thank the program Science without Borders and
CAPES for this incredible opportunity and the financial support of this PhD
(scholarship 9468/13-7).
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Included papers and
attributions
The Chapter 3 of this thesis is strongly based on the peer-reviewed publica-
tion:
Metal selection for wire array metamaterials for infrared frequencies
Juliano G. Hayashi, Simon Fleming, Boris T. Kuhlmey and Alexander Argyros,
OpticsExpress 23(23),pp.29867-29881,(2015).
AA, SF and BTK conceived the idea of the work. JGH did all the sim-
ulations and wrote the manuscript with suggestions and additions from all
authors. All authors contributed to discussions and interpretation of results.
Formal acknowledgement of the authors contribution and the publication
are in Appendix C.
The preparation of other peer-reviewed publications with the content of
Chapter 4, Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 are in progress.
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Abstract
Metamaterials are artificial composite materials that exhibit exotic proper-
ties due to their components and sub-wavelength structure. During the past
decades, several new materials have emerged from this research field with
exciting new optical properties and applications. However, the fabrication
of certain meta-structures remains a challenge, particularly with low cost
and in large volumes. Fibre drawing is an interesting alternative approach
to overcome such problems, but currently fabrication constraints restrict the
size of the metal/dielectric drawn structures, limiting their operation to mi-
crowave/THz frequencies. In this context, this thesis concerns the fabrica-
tion, characterization, and employment of new soft-glass based wire array
metamaterials fibres for applications in the infrared.
Numerical modelling of wire array structures is presented in order to
understand which material combinations and structural parameters are more
appropriate for infrared metamaterial fibres. The co-drawing process used
is described, focusing on the adaptations performed to minimize fluctuation
of the structure due to fluid dynamics. Metamaterial fibres with uniform
structures containing wire diameter and spacing on the order of few hundreds
of nanometers are produced, which are compatible with operation at mid-
infrared frequencies.
The fabrication of metamaterial fibre tapers with steep transitions, gen-
erating magnifying hyperlenses, is also demonstrated. Far field imaging is
attempted and the challenges regarding subdiffraction imaging are discussed.
Feasiblealternativesforfuturefarfieldsuper-resolutionimagingareproposed
based on our numerical modelling and the typical structural transitions fab-
ricated. Since the operational range of our hyperlenses is not limited to the
infrared, subdiffraction focusing of 1/176 of the operational wavelength is re-
ported at THz frequencies, achieved by combining a polymer hyperlens with
our new infrared hyperlens.
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ABSTRACT
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