Windows Server 2012 Inside Out

1584 Pages·2013·33.037 MB·English

by  William R. Stanek

Troubleshoot and
Inside OUT
Optimize Windows 8
W
i
Conquer system tuning, repair, and For Intermediate and n
problem solving—from the inside out! Advanced Users d
o
You’re beyond the basics, so dive right into optimizing Windows 8 w
—and really put your PC or tablet to work! This supremely
Inside OUT
About the Author s
organized reference packs hundreds of timesaving solutions,

troubleshooting tips, and workarounds. It’s all muscle and no fluff. Mike Halsey is a Microsoft S
MVP for Windows Expert-
Discover how the experts keep their Windows 8 systems running Consumer and the author of e
smoothly—and challenge yourself to new levels of mastery.
many Windows books includ- r
ing Troubleshooting Windows 7 Inside v
• Out. He is also an editor for technology
Take control of Windows 8 maintenance and security features e
websites and has extensive experience
•
Apply best practices to prevent problems before they occur providing IT support to both new and r
• advanced computer users. The ultimate, in-depth reference
Help combat viruses, malware, and identity theft with 2
expert advice 0 Hundreds of timesaving solutions
•
Master quick fixes to the most common issues
1 Supremely organized, packed
•
Extend the life of your hardware with clean-ups and repairs
2 with expert advice
•
Diagnose and repair more-complex problems with step-by-step
Companion eBook
guidance
•
Back up your system and data, and prepare a disaster
recovery plan
Inside
Windows
OUT
Server 2012
Stanek
microsoft.com/mspress ®
ISBN: 978-0-7356-7080-8
U.S.A. $49.99
Canada $51.99
[Recommended]
Operating Systems/
WIndows William R. Stanek Award-winning author and Windows administration expert
PUBLISHED BY
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Copyright © 2013 by William R. Stanek
All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
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ISBN: 978-0-7356-6631-3
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To my readers—Windows Server 2012 Inside Out is my 40th book for
Microsoft Press. Thank you for being there with me through many books
and many years.
To my wife—for many years, through many books, many millions of
words, and many thousands of pages she's been there, providing support
and encouragement and making every place we've lived a home.
To my kids—for helping me see the world in new ways, for having
exceptional patience and boundless love, and for making every day an
adventure.
To Anne, Karen, Martin, Lucinda, Juliana, and many others who’ve helped
out in ways both large and small.
—William R. Stanek

Contents at a Glance
Part 1: Windows Server 2012 Part 3 Managing Windows Server
Overview 2012 Storage and File Systems
Chapter 1 Chapter 12
Introducing Windows Server 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Storage management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Chapter 2 Chapter 13
Deploying Windows Server 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . 61 TPM and BitLocker Drive Encryption . . . . . . . 569
Chapter 3 Chapter 14
Boot configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Managing file systems and storage . . . . . . . . 621
Chapter 15
Part 2: Managing Windows Server
File sharing and security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715
2012 Systems
Chapter 16
Chapter 4
Managing file screening and storage
Managing Windows Server 2012 . . . . . . . . . . 137 reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
Chapter 5 Chapter 17
Windows Server 2012 MMC Backup and recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821
administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Chapter 6 Part 4: Managing Windows Server
Configuring roles, role services, and 2012 Networking and
features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Domain Services
Chapter 7 Chapter 18
Managing and troubleshooting Networking with TCP/IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875
hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Chapter 19
Chapter 8 Managing TCP/IP networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909
Managing the registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Chapter 20
Chapter 9 Managing DHCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941
Software and User Account Control
Chapter 21
administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Architecting DNS infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . 1017
Chapter 10
Chapter 22
Performance monitoring and tuning . . . . . . . 369
Implementing and managing DNS . . . . . . . . 1047
Chapter 11
Chapter 23
Comprehensive performance analysis
Implementing and maintaining WINS . . . . . 1113
and logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
v
vi Contents at a Glance
Part 5: Managing Active Directory Chapter 28
and Security Implementing Active Directory
Domain Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1271
Chapter 24
Active Directory architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . .1135 Chapter 29
Deploying read-only domain controllers . . 1315
Chapter 25
Designing and managing the domain Chapter 30
environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1161 Managing users, groups, and computers . . 1345
Chapter 26 Chapter 31
Organizing Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1215 Managing Group Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1387
Chapter 27 Chapter 32
Configuring Active Directory sites and Active Directory site administration . . . . . . . 1443
replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1233
Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii
Conventions .................................................................xxviii
How to reach the author .......................................................xxix
Errata & book support .........................................................xxix
We want to hear from you......................................................xxix
Stay in touch..................................................................xxix
Part 1: Windows Server 2012 Overview
Chapter 1: Introducing Windows Server 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Getting to know Windows Server 2012..............................................4
Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012...............................................8
Planning for Windows Server 2012................................................ 10
Your plan: The big picture.................................................. 10
Identifying your organizational teams ....................................... 12
Assessing project goals .................................................... 14
Analyzing the existing network ............................................. 18
Defining objectives and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Defining the new network environment...................................... 31
Final considerations for planning and deployment ............................ 35
Thinking about server roles and Active Directory................................... 36
Planning for server usage .................................................. 37
Designing the Active Directory namespace................................... 40
Managing domain trusts................................................... 41
Identifying the domain and forest functional level ............................ 41
Defining Active Directory server roles ....................................... 43
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vii
viii Table of Contents
Planning for availability, scalability, and manageability.............................. 45
Planning for software needs................................................ 45
Planning for hardware needs ............................................... 47
Chapter 2: Deploying Windows Server 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Getting a quick start ............................................................ 61
Product licensing............................................................... 63
Preparing for a Windows Server 2012 installation................................... 64
Understanding installation options.......................................... 64
Determining which installation type to use................................... 66
Using Windows Update.................................................... 67
Preinstallation tasks ....................................................... 69
Installing Windows Server 2012 .................................................. 70
Installation on BIOS-based systems.......................................... 71
Installation on EFI-based systems ........................................... 72
Planning partitions........................................................ 72
Naming computers.........................................................74
Network and domain membership options................................... 75
Performing a clean installation.............................................. 77
Performing an upgrade installation.......................................... 82
Activation sequence....................................................... 82
Performing additional administration tasks during installations ...................... 85
Accessing a command prompt during installation............................. 85
Forcing disk-partition removal during installation............................. 89
Loading mass storage drivers during installation.............................. 89
Creating, deleting, and extending disk partitions during installation............. 90
Troubleshooting installation ..................................................... 91
Start with the potential points of failure...................................... 92
Continue past lockups and freezes .......................................... 93
Postinstallation tasks............................................................ 96
Chapter 3: Boot configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Boot from hardware and firmware............................................... 101
Hardware and firmware power states....................................... 102
Diagnosing hardware and firmware startup problems ........................ 103
Resolving hardware and firmware startup problems.......................... 107
Boot environment essentials .................................................... 109
Managing startup and boot configuration........................................ 111
Managing startup and recovery options .................................... 111
Managing System Boot Configuration ...................................... 113
Working with BCD Editor.................................................. 117
Table of Contents ix
Managing the Boot Configuration Data store and its entries ........................ 119
Viewing BCD entries...................................................... 119
Creating and identifying the BCD data store................................. 122
Importing and exporting the BCD data store ................................ 123
Creating, copying, and deleting BCD entries................................. 123
Setting BCD entry values.................................................. 125
Changing Data Execution Prevention and physical address
extension options ........................................................ 131
Changing the operating system display order................................ 132
Changing the default operating system entry................................ 133
Changing the default timeout ............................................. 133
Changing the boot sequence temporarily................................... 134
Part 2: Managing Windows Server 2012 Systems
Chapter 4: Managing Windows Server 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Working with the administration tools ........................................... 137
Using Control Panel utilities ............................................... 140
Using graphical administrative tools........................................ 141
Using command-line utilities .............................................. 145
Working with Server Manager................................................... 150
Getting to know Server Manager........................................... 150
Adding servers for management........................................... 155
Creating server groups.................................................... 156
Enabling remote management............................................. 157
Working with Computer Management ........................................... 160
Computer Management system tools....................................... 160
Computer Management storage tools ...................................... 161
Computer Management Services And Applications tools...................... 162
Using Control Panel............................................................ 162
Using the Folder Options utility............................................ 163
Using the System console....................................................... 165
Customizing the desktop and the taskbar ........................................ 168
Configuring desktop items ................................................ 168
Configuring the taskbar................................................... 169
Optimizing toolbars............................................................ 175
Displaying custom toolbars................................................ 175
Creating personal toolbars ................................................ 176
Using Remote Desktop......................................................... 176
Remote Desktop essentials................................................ 176
Configuring Remote Desktop.............................................. 178
Supporting Remote Desktop Connection clients ............................. 182
Tracking who’s logged on ...................................................... 189
x Table of Contents
Chapter 5: Windows Server 2012 MMC administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Using the MMC ............................................................... 191
MMC snap-ins........................................................... 192
MMC modes............................................................. 194
MMC window and startup................................................. 196
MMC tool availability..................................................... 198
MMC and remote computers.............................................. 201
Building custom MMCs......................................................... 203
Step 1: Creating the console............................................... 203
Step 2: Adding snap-ins to the console ..................................... 205
Step 3: Saving the finished console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Designing custom taskpads for the MMC......................................... 215
Getting started with taskpads ............................................. 215
Understanding taskpad view styles......................................... 216
Creating and managing taskpads .......................................... 218
Creating and managing tasks.............................................. 221
Publishing and distributing your custom tools..................................... 227
Chapter 6: Configuring roles, role services, and features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Using roles, role services, and features ........................................... 230
Making supplemental components available...................................... 236
Installing components with Server Manager ...................................... 237
Viewing configured roles and role services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Managing server roles and features ........................................ 238
Managing server binaries ................................................. 245
Installing components at the prompt ............................................ 250
Going to the prompt for Server Management ............................... 250
Understanding component names ......................................... 251
Tracking installed roles, role services, and features................................. 256
Installing components at the prompt....................................... 257
Removing components at the prompt ...................................... 260
Chapter 7: Managing and troubleshooting hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Understanding hardware installation changes..................................... 263
Choosing internal devices................................................. 263
Choosing external devices................................................. 266
Installing devices .............................................................. 269
Understanding device installation.......................................... 269
Installing new devices .................................................... 273
Viewing device and driver details .......................................... 277
Working with device drivers .................................................... 280
Device driver essentials ................................................... 280
Understanding and troubleshooting driver signing........................... 281