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CRC_45237_C000.tex 23/7/2007 10:48 Pagei
WiMA X
Standards and Security
CRC_45237_C000.tex 23/7/2007 10:48 Pageii
The
WiMAX
Handbook
WiMAX: Technologies, Performance Analysis, and QoS
ISBN 9781420045253
WiMAX: Standards and Security
ISBN 9781420045237
WiMAX: Applications
ISBN 9781420045474
The WiMAX Handbook
Three-Volume Set
ISBN 9781420045350
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC_45237_C000.tex 23/7/2007 10:48 Pageiii
WiMA X
Standards and Security
Edited by
SYED AHSON
MOHAMMAD ILYAS
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC_45237_C000.tex 23/7/2007 10:48 Pageiv
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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© 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
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Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
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International Standard Book Number-10: 1-4200-4523-7 (Hardcover)
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ahson, Syed.
WiMAX : standards and security / Syed Ahson and Mohammad Ilyas.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4200-4523-9 (alk. paper)
1. Wireless communication systems. 2. Broadband communication systems.
3. IEEE 802.16 (Standard) I. Ilyas, Mohammad, 1953- II. Title.
TK5103.2.A432 2008
621.384--dc22 2007012500
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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CRC_45237_C000.tex 23/7/2007 10:48 Pagev
Contents
Preface ...................................................................................................................vii
Editors.....................................................................................................................xi
Contributors.........................................................................................................xiii
PartI Standards
1. TheEmergingWirelessInternetArchitecture:Competing
andComplementaryStandardstoWiMAXTechnology ......................3
WilliamT.KaschandJackL.Burbank
2. IEEE802.16StandardsandAmendments ..............................................19
NajahAbuAliandHossamS.Hassanein
3. MACLayerProtocolinWiMAXSystems..............................................35
MaodeMaandYanZhang
4. SchedulingandPerformanceAnalysisofQoSforIEEE802.16
BroadbandWirelessAccessNetwork.....................................................57
JamesT.Yu
5. PropagationandPerformance..................................................................77
ThomasSchwengler
6. MobilitySupportforIEEE802.16eSystem .........................................103
Hyun-HoChoiandDong-HoCho
7. MeasuredSignal-AwareMechanismforFastHandover
inWiMAXNetworks ...............................................................................129
JenhuiChenandChih-ChiehWang
8. 802.16MeshNetworking ........................................................................147
PetarDjukicandShahrokhValaee
9. WiMAXTesting.........................................................................................175
RanaEjazAhmed
v
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vi Contents
PartII Security
10. AnOverviewofWiMAXSecurity ........................................................197
EduardoB.FernandezandMichaelVanHilst
11. PrivacyandSecurityinWiMAXNetworks.........................................205
AmitabhMishraandNolanGlore
12. WiMAXSecurity:PrivacyKeyManagement ......................................229
NirwanAnsari,ChaoZhang,YuanqiuLuo,andEdwinHou
Index ....................................................................................................................251
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Preface
The demand for broadband services is growing exponentially. Traditional
solutions that provide high-speed broadband access use wired access tech-
nologies, such as traditional cable, digital subscriber line, Ethernet, and
fiber optic. It is extremely difficult and expensive for carriers to build and
maintainwirednetworks, especiallyinruralandremoteareas. Carriersare
unwilling to install the necessary equipment in these areas because of little
profitandpotential.WiMAXwillrevolutionizebroadbandcommunications
in the developed world and bridge the digital divide in developing coun-
tries. Affordable wireless broadband access for all is very important for a
knowledge-basedeconomyandsociety.WiMAXwillprovideaffordablewire-
less broadband access for all, improving quality of life thereby leading to
economicempowerment.
Broadband wireless access technical solutions and products have been
availableforsometime. Thesetechnologieshaveprimarilyfocusedonpro-
vidinghighdatarateconnectivitywirelesslybetweenfixedstationarysites.
Thesetechnicalsolutionsareproprietaryinnatureandsufferfrompoorinter-
operabilitywithotherbroadbandwirelessaccessproductsandhaveahigh
costduetothelackofeconomyofscale. High-speedwirelessserviceshave
already achieved great success in local area networks with the IEEE 802.11
standardandWi-Ficertifiedproducts.
The IEEE 802.16 BWAtechnology family, referred to as Worldwide Inter-
operability for Microwave Access intends to provide a standardized BWA
solution. The IEEE Standards Board established the IEEE 802.16 working
groupin1999toprepareformalspecificationsforglobaldeploymentofbroad-
bandWirelessMetropolitanAreaNetworks, officiallycalledWirelessMAN.
The WiMAX Forum, created in 2003, is promoting the commercialization
of IEEE 802.16 and the European Telecommunications Standard Institute’s
high-performance radio MAN. The IEEE 802.16 specifications continue to
evolveandexpandincapabilitiesinsupportoftheevolvingvisionofWiMAX
usage and deployment. The IEEE 802.16e system called Mobile WiMAX
has been standardized to add user mobility to the original IEEE 802.16
system.
WiMAXhasastrongbaseofstandardizationandindustrysupportthatpro-
vides a strong evolutionary path of its capabilities. WiMAX competes with
IEEE 802.11-based WLAN technology, broadband residential Internet tech-
nologiessuchasdigitalsubscriberlineandcableandthird-generationcellular
technologies. WiMAX is the next step in the mobile technology evolution
path. WiMAX will broaden wireless access to metropolitan area networks.
WiMAX offers numerous advantages, such as improved performance and
vii
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viii Preface
robustness, end-to-end IP-based networks, secure mobility and broadband
speeds for voice, data, and video, support for fixed and mobile systems,
efficient and adaptive coding and modulation techniques, scalable channel
sizes, subchannelization schemes, multiple-input-multiple-output antenna
systems, andqualityofservice. WiMAXenableswirelessbroadbandaccess
anywhere,anytime,andonvirtuallyanydevice.
The WiMAX handbook provides technical information about all aspects
of WiMAX. The areas covered in the handbook range from basic concepts
to research-grade material including future directions. The WiMAX hand-
book captures the current state of wireless local area networks, and serves
asasourceofcomprehensivereferencematerialonthissubject.TheWiMAX
handbookconsistsofthreevolumes:WiMAX:Applications;WiMAX:Standards
andSecurity; andWiMAX:Technologies, PerformanceAnalysis, andQoS.Ithas
atotalof32chaptersauthoredbyexpertsfromaroundtheworld. WiMAX:
StandardsandSecurityincludes12chaptersauthoredby22experts.
Chapter 1 (The Emerging Wireless InternetArchitecture: Competing and
ComplementaryStandardstoWiMAXTechnology)describesotherwireless
networkingtechnologiesthatcomplementandcompetewithWiMAXtech-
nologies. This chapter provides an overview of the most prevalent current
technologies in use today, as well as a description of the similarities and
differencescomparedtoWiMAX.
Chapter 2 (IEEE 802.16 Standards and Amendments) examines the pros
and cons of standardized versus proprietary solutions for wireless broad-
band access. An overview of WiMAX standards and amendments (IEEE
802.16-2001, IEEE 802.16b, IEEE 802.16c, IEEE 802.16d, IEEE 802.16-2004,
IEEE 802.16e-2005, IEEE 802.16f, IEEE 802.16g, IEEE 802.16h, IEEE 802.16fi,
and IEEE 802.16j) is presented. Key WiMAX technologies such as physi-
callayer, mediumaccesscontrollayer, convergencesublayer, commonpart
sublayer, point-to-multipoint and mesh mode, privacy sublayer, quality of
servicesupport,handoversupport,andpowermanagementaredescribedin
detail.
Chapter 3 (MAC Layer Protocol in WiMAX Systems) reviews the func-
tionsandfeaturesofthecoremediumaccesscontrolprotocoloftheWiMAX
systemsincludingthepoint-to-multipointtopologyandmeshtopology.The
fundamental part of the medium access control protocol of the WiMAX
systemsissummarizedandpresented.
Chapter 4 (Scheduling and PerformanceAnalysis of QoS for IEEE 802.16
BroadbandWirelessAccessNetwork)presentsanarchitectureanditsimple-
mentationofadmissioncontrolandjobschedulingbasedonthequality-of-
service requirements of IEEE 802.16. This chapter presents the concept and
requirements of quality of service as specified in the IEEE 802.16 standard,
along with an architecture to implement quality of service in a simulation
model.
Chapter 5 (Propagation and Performance) presents carriers’ perspectives
for wireless services like fixed WiMAX access. This chapter presents vari-
ous aspects of propagation and performance for WiMAX radio systems; it
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Preface ix
reviews WiMAX radio system parameters such as link budgets, presents
relevant propagation models, and finally, analyzes system throughput and
performanceforatypicalsuburbanarea.
Chapter6(MobilitySupportforIEEE802.16eSystem)discussesthemain
mobilityfunctionsdefinedintheIEEE802.16estandard:power-savingmech-
anism, handover operation, paging, and location update. Power-saving
classesoftypeI,typeII,andtypeIIIarediscussedingreatdetail. Network
topology acquisition, basic handover operation, macro-diversity handover,
andfastbasestationswitchingareexamined.Basicpagingoperation,location
update,andnetworkreentryfromidlemodearedescribed.
Chapter 7 (Measured Signal-Aware Mechanism for Fast Handover in
WiMAX Networks) describes how to use a measured signal-aware mecha-
nismtoaidspeedingupWiMAXhandoverprocedures.Ameasuredsignal-
awaremechanismforabasestationinitializedpredictedhandoverschemeis
investigated,whichcentralizedamonitor-movingmobilesubscriberstation
andpreparedaCDMArangingcodeofboundarymobilesubscriberstations
beforehand.
Chapter 8 (802.16 Mesh Networking) presents an overview of the 802.16
mesh protocol with a specific focus on the networking aspects of the pro-
tocol. Addressing assignments for IEEE 802.16 mesh networks that allow
thenetworklayertotakeadvantageofqualityofserviceprovidedbyIEEE
802.16meshprotocolisproposed.Anoverviewofthesecurityinfrastructure
of IEEE 802.16 mesh networks and their flaws is presented. An end-to-end
security scheme that simplifies the design of IEEE 802.16 mesh routers is
proposed.
Chapter9(WiMAXTesting)surveysthetestingandcertificationprocesses
used for WiMAX products. This chapter describes the general framework
usedforconformanceandinteroperabilitytestingfortheWiMAXtechnology.
Anoverviewofgenerictestequipment,testenvironments,andscenariosused
for WiMAX certification testing is described. It also describes the WiMAX
certificationprocessandtestingscenariosattherecentlyheldWiMAXForum
“Plugfest’’events.
Chapter 10 (An Overview of WiMAX Security) presents an overview of
the security aspects of IEEE 802.16. Unified modeling language class and
sequencediagramsareusedtodescribearchitecturalaspects.Thesearecon-
ceptualdiagrams,intendedtodefinetheinformationineachunitanddonot
reflect implementation details. This chapter presents a high-level overview
thatcanbereadbeforegettingintothedetailsofthestandard.
Chapter 11 (Privacy and Security in WiMAX Networks) presents an
overview of WiMAX security features. Primary, static, and dynamic secu-
rity associations, contents of data security association, and contents of
authorization security association are described in detail. Hashed message
authenticationcodes,X.509certificates,andtheextensibleauthenticationpro-
tocol are reviewed. Aspects of privacy and key management protocol such
asauthorizationandauthorizationkeyexchange,andtrafficencryptionkey
exchangeareexamined.
