Wideband, Multiband, Tunable, and Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile and UWB Wireless ...

174 Pages·2017·25.11 MB·English

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Wideband, Multiband, Tunable, and
Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile
and UWB Wireless Applications 2016
Guest Editors: Renato Cicchetti, Antonio Faraone, Diego Caratelli,
and Massimiliano Simeoni
Wideband, Multiband, Tunable,
and Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile
and UWB Wireless Applications 2016
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Wideband, Multiband, Tunable,
and Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile
and UWB Wireless Applications 2016
GuestEditors:RenatoCicchetti,AntonioFaraone,DiegoCaratelli,
and Massimiliano Simeoni
Copyright©2017HindawiPublishingCorporation.Allrightsreserved.
Thisisaspecialissuepublishedin“InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation.”Allarticlesareopenaccessarticlesdistributed
undertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,pro-
videdtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.
Editorial Board
AnaAlejos,Spain FranciscoFalcone,Spain N.Nasimuddin,Singapore
MohammodAli,USA MiguelFerrandoBataller,Spain MiguelNavarro-Cia,UK
JaumeAnguera,Spain FlaminioFerrara,Italy MouradNedil,Canada
RodolfoAraneo,Italy VincenzoGaldi,Italy SymeonNikolaou,Cyprus
AlexeiAshikhmin,USA ClaudioGennarelli,Italy GiacomoOliveri,Italy
HerveAubert,France FaridGhanem,Algeria PabloOtero,Spain
PaoloBaccarelli,Italy SotiriosK.Goudos,Greece A.D.Panagopoulos,Greece
XiulongBao,Ireland RoccoGuerriero,Italy IkmoPark,RepublicofKorea
ToniBjörninen,Finland KerimGuney,Turkey JosepParrón,Spain
StefaniaBonafoni,Italy SongGuo,Japan MatteoPastorino,Italy
DjuradjS.Budimir,UK MohamedHimdi,France MassimilianoPieraccini,Italy
PaoloBurghignoli,Italy TamerS.Ibrahim,USA XianmingQing,Singapore
ShahNawazBurokur,France M.T.Islam,Malaysia AhmadSafaai-Jazi,USA
GiuseppeCastaldi,Italy M.R.Kamarudin,Malaysia S.Safavi-Naeini,Canada
LucaCatarinucci,Italy SlawomirKoziel,Iceland M.Salazar-Palma,Spain
FelipeCátedra,Spain LuisLandesa,Spain StefanoSelleri,Italy
MartaCavagnaro,Italy Ding-BingLin,Taiwan PrabhakarSingh,India
DebChatterjee,USA AngeloLiseno,Italy RaffaeleSolimene,Italy
ShihYuanChen,Taiwan P.Lombardo,Italy GinoSorbello,Italy
YuJianCheng,China GiampieroLovat,Italy Seong-YoupSuh,USA
RenatoCicchetti,Italy LorenzoLuini,Italy ShengSun,HongKong
RiccardoColella,Italy AtsushiMase,Japan LarbiTalbi,Canada
LorenzoCrocco,Italy DiegoMasotti,Italy LucianoTarricone,Italy
ClaudioCurcio,Italy C.F.Mecklenbräuker,Austria ParveenWahid,USA
F.D’Agostino,Italy MassimoMigliozzi,Italy Wen-QinWang,China
M.ElenadeCosGómez,Spain A.T.Mobashsher,Australia ShiwenYang,China
TayebA.Denidni,Canada AnandaS.Mohan,Australia YuanYao,China
GiuseppeDiMassa,Italy J.-M.Molina-Garcia-Pardo,Spain JingjingZhang,Denmark
MicheleD’Urso,Italy GiorgioMontisci,Italy
HalaA.Elsadek,Egypt MarcoMussetta,Italy
Contents
Wideband,Multiband,Tunable,andSmartAntennaSystemsforMobileandUWBWireless
Applications2016
RenatoCicchetti,AntonioFaraone,DiegoCaratelli,andMassimilianoSimeoni
Volume2017,ArticleID1425263,3pages
WidebandandUWBAntennasforWirelessApplications:AComprehensiveReview
RenatoCicchetti,EmanuelaMiozzi,andOrlandinoTesta
Volume2017,ArticleID2390808,45pages
SmartCylindricalDomeAntennaBasedonActiveFrequencySelectiveSurface
TongyuDing,ShaoqingZhang,LiangZhang,andYanhuiLiu
Volume2017,ArticleID5901625,14pages
ImpactonAntijammingPerformanceofChannelMismatchinGNSSAntennaArraysReceivers
ZukunLu,JunweiNie,FeiqiangChen,andGangOu
Volume2016,ArticleID1909708,9pages
ACompactNovelThree-PortIntegratedWideandNarrow BandAntennasSystemforCognitiveRadio
Applications
N.AnveshKumarandA.S.Gandhi
Volume2016,ArticleID2829357,14pages
DesignandPerformanceAnalysisofMISO-ORM-DCSKSystemoverRayleighFadingChannels
GangZhang,ChuangangWang,GuoquanLi,andJinzhaoLin
Volume2016,ArticleID8459109,8pages
Wideband,Low-Profile,Dual-PolarizedSlotAntennawithanAMCSurfaceforWireless
Communications
WeiHu,Rui-NaLian,Zhao-YangTang,andYing-ZengYin
Volume2016,ArticleID7641382,8pages
DielectricResonatorAntennas:BasicConcepts,DesignGuidelines,andRecentDevelopmentsat
Millimeter-WaveFrequencies
S.KeyrouzandD.Caratelli
Volume2016,ArticleID6075680,20pages
AMultibandProximity-Coupled-FedFlexibleMicrostripAntennaforWirelessSystems
GiovanniAndreaCasula,PaoloMaxia,GiorgioMontisci,GiuseppeValente,GiuseppeMazzarella,and
ToninoPisanu
Volume2016,ArticleID8536058,7pages
On-BodyCharacterizationofPlanarDifferentialAntennasforMultiple,Wide,andNarrowBands
LuigiVallozzi,DomenicoPepe,ThijsCastel,HendrikRogier,andDomenicoZito
Volume2016,ArticleID7439403,9pages
Band-NotchedUWBAntennawithSwitchableandTunablePerformance
WeiWu,Yun-BoLi,Rui-YuanWu,Chuan-BoShi,andTie-JunCui
Volume2016,ArticleID9612987,6pages
AWidebandAntennawithCircularandRectangularShapedSlotsforMobilePhoneApplications
Wei-HuaZong,Xiao-MeiYang,XiaXiao,Shan-DongLi,Xiang-YangWei,Zhe-JunJin,andXiao-YunQu
Volume2016,ArticleID2975425,9pages
ASmallPlanarAntennafor4GMobilePhoneApplication
HuJian-rong,LiJiu-sheng,andWuDi
Volume2016,ArticleID4791831,7pages
ANovelDual-BandCircularlyPolarizedRectangularSlotAntenna
BiaoLi,YangDing,andYing-ZengYin
Volume2016,ArticleID9071610,8pages
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Editorial
Wideband, Multiband, Tunable, and Smart Antenna Systems for
Mobile and UWB Wireless Applications 2016
RenatoCicchetti,1AntonioFaraone,2DiegoCaratelli,3,4andMassimilianoSimeoni5
1DepartmentofInformation,ElectronicandTelecommunicationEngineering,UniversityofRome“LaSapienza”,Rome,Italy
2ChiefTechnologyOffice,MotorolaSolutionsInc.,FortLauderdale,FL,USA
3TheAntennaCompany,Eindhoven,Netherlands
4TomskPolytechnicUniversity,Tomsk,Russia
5EuropeanSpaceAgency,ESA-ESTEC,Keplerlaan,Noordwijk,Netherlands
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoRenatoCicchetti;[email protected]
Received 14 February 2017; Accepted 14 February 2017; Published 5 March 2017
Copyright©2017RenatoCicchettietal. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperly
cited.
1.Introduction ofcomplexityinthedesignandimplementationofantenna
systems and relevant radio-frequency (RF) front-ends in
Duetoexceptionallyhighdataratesattainablewithmodern wireless terminals has grown dramatically, requiring highly
wireless communication systems and the app-based use innovativesolutions.
paradigm, wireless connectivity through multiple and even
This special issue is intended to reflect current research
diverse air interfaces has become a common requirement
trends and novel approaches in the analysis and synthesis
in the RF architecture of mobile communication devices.
of antenna systems and associated RF front-ends for next
Modernwirelessdevicesfrequentlyincorporatefiveormore
generationsofmobilecommunicationdevices,applicableto
antennastoenablecellularvoice,videoanddata,Wi-Fi,and
various device forms such as smartphones, tablets, laptops,
GPS connectivity, across multiple bands. Multiple antenna
and wearable computers, as well as for UWB communi-
systems are frequently designed to implement diversity or
cation systems and radars, including the ones adopted in
spatial multiplexing schemes, as in the case of WCDMA
the automotive industry. Particular emphasis has been put
and LTE, to increase resiliency and capacity of wireless
in the analysis and design of broadband, multiband, and
links,andtooperatemultiplevoice/datalinkssimultaneously.
reconfigurableantennasforwirelessandUWBapplications,
Carrier aggregation is demanding that multiple cellular
aswellasintheidentificationofspecialmaterialsandantenna
bands are to be served simultaneously. Concurrently, ultra-
integrationtechniqueswiththehostplatforms.Specialeffort
wideband(UWB)systemsusedinshort-rangecommunica-
hasbeendevotedtothecharacterizationoftheradiochannel
tions, remote sensing, and through-the-wall radar imaging
andtotheimprovementofthequalityofservice.Thespecial
have introduced a new paradigm in the antenna design
issueconsistsof13contributionsthatcanbedividedintothe
where the mitigation of pulse distortion is of the essence,
following6topics.
thus requiring a shift in antenna design approach and the
introduction of novel compact radiating systems. More-
over,vehicularcommunicationsystems,inordertoprovide 2.ContributionstoBroad-and
safety warnings and traffic information, employ dedicated MultibandingTechniques
short-range communication devices that are intended to
be used in vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure In “A Compact Novel Three-Port Integrated Wide and
communications, thereby enabling the use of cloud-based NarrowBandAntennasSystemforCognitiveRadioApplica-
applications.Followingthesetrendsofthemarket,thelevel tions,”byN.A.KumarandA.S.Gandhi,theauthorspresent
2 InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation
thedesignandrealizationofathree-portradiatingstructure, In “Dielectric Resonator Antennas: Basic Concepts,
integrating wide- and narrow-band antennas for cognitive DesignGuidelines,andRecentDevelopmentsatMillimeter-
radioapplications.TheradiatingsystemconsistsofanUWB Wave Frequencies,” by S. Keyrouz and D. Caratelli, the
antenna for spectrum sensing, as well as two narrow-band authors present an up-to-date literature overview of the
antennasforwirelesscommunicationintegratedonthesame most effective design approaches for controlling circuital
substrate.Inparticular,thefirstnarrow-bandantennacovers characteristics and radiation properties of dielectric res-
the frequency band between 8.78GHz and 9.23GHz, while onatorantennas(DRAs).ThemainadvantagesofDRAsare
thesecondonecoversthefrequencybandbetween7.33GHz discussed in detail, with special emphasis put on the most
and7.7GHzandthefrequencybandbetween9.23GHzand advanced techniques for antenna feeding, size reduction,
9.82GHz,respectively. and gain enhancement. In this way, guidance is given to
In“ANovelDual-BandCircularlyPolarizedRectangular RF front-end designers in the selection of different DRA
Slot Antenna,” by B. Li et al., the authors present a dual- topologiesusefulforachievingdesiredperformanceinterms
bandcircularlypolarizedantennaconsistingofarectangular of bandwidth, radiation pattern, polarization, and ease of
metalframe,actingasaground,andanS-shapedmonopole integrationwiththehostplatform.Inparticular,advancesin
workingasaradiator.Thecircularpolarizationisobtainedby theapplicationofDRAtechnologyatmm-wavefrequencies
meansofasuitabledesignoftheS-shapedmonopoleandof havebeenpresented,andthemostrecentimplementationof
theexternalmetallicframe.Theantennacoversthefrequency on-chip and off-chip DRAs has been reviewed. It has been
bands2.39–2.81GHzand5.42–5.92GHzand,therefore,can shownthatsilicon-basedDRAsrealizedwithstandardCMOS
beconvenientlyappliedinWLANandWiMAXapplications. process are characterized by good efficiency and gain, thus
In “On-Body Characterization of Planar Differential provingthegoodpotentialofDRAsforupcoming5Gcom-
Antennas for Multiple, Wide, and Narrow Bands” by L. munications,aswellashigh-resolutionradarapplications.
Vallozzi at al., the authors present the results of on-body
experimentaltestsofasetoffourplanardifferentialantennas 4.ContributionstoSmartAntennas
with optimized layout of the radiating arms. It is observed
In “Smart Cylindrical Dome Antenna Based on Active
thattheperformanceoftheconsideredantennasisacceptable
Frequency Selective Surface,” by T. Ding et al., the authors
whentheyareplacedatadistanceof15mmfromthechest
present a highly agile, electronically steerable active smart
area of a human body. Therefore, they can be employed
dome antenna. The radiating structure is composed of an
successfully in short-range off-body communications, as
active dipole antenna surrounded by 16 strips with active
well as for the monitoring of vital signs, or body area
frequency selective surfaces forming a dome. The response
networkapplications.Finally,itisobservedthattheproposed
ofthefrequencyselectivesurfacesiscontinuouslytunedby
antennascancoverseveralfrequencybandsofinterests,such
varying the bias voltages of suitable varactors. In this way,
as the lower portion of the UWB range from 3 to 5GHz,
somestripsintegratedinthedomecanbebiasedinorderto
the 868MHz and 2.45GHz ISM bands, and the 1.2GHz
becomereflective,whileotherstripsaretunedsoastofocus
band(lowerL-band)forGlobalPositioningandNavigation
theelectromagneticenergyattheboresight,thusenablingthe
SatelliteSystem(GNSS),aswellastheUltrahighFrequency
coverageofthecompleteangularrange.
(UHF)bandat915MHzforRadio-FrequencyIdentification
(RFID). In “Band-Notched UWB Antenna with Switchable and
TunablePerformance,”byW.Wuetal.,theauthorspresent
a novel UWB antenna with switchable and tunable notch
3.ContributionstoAntennasfor bands. The antenna consists of a circular UWB monopole
WidebandandUWBApplications printedonatrapezoidalgroundplane.Theradiatingstruc-
tureisintegratedwithtwofilterswhosefrequencybehavior
In“WidebandandUWBAntennasforWirelessApplications: iselectronicallycontrolledbyPINandvaractordiodes.The
AComprehensiveReview,”byR.Cicchettietal.,theauthors PINdiodesareusedtocontroltheswitchbetweenthelower
presentacomprehensivereviewconcerningthegeometry,the (centered at about 4.5GHz) and upper (centered at about
manufacturingtechnologies,thematerials,andthenumeri- 6GHz)notchfrequencybands,whilethevaractorsareused
caltechniques,adoptedfortheanalysisanddesignofwide- totunethefiltersintheindividualbands.
band and UWB antennas for wireless applications. Planar,
printed, dielectric, and wearable antennas, achievable on 5.ContributionstoAntennasfor
laminate(rigidandflexible)andtextiledielectricsubstrates, MobilePhones
areconsidered.Theperformancesofsmall,low-profile,and
dielectricresonatorantennasareillustratedpayingparticular In “A Small Planar Antenna for 4G Mobile Phone Appli-
attentiontotheapplicationareasconcerningportabledevices cation” by H. Jian-rong et al., the authors present the
(mobile phones, tablets, laptops, wearable computers, etc.) analysis and design of a small planar multiband antenna
andradiobasestations.Thisinformationprovidesaguidance operating in the 4G frequency bands. The antenna consists
totheselectionofthedifferentantennatypesdependingon of two horizontal-U rings, a shorting line, and a ground
required bandwidth, gain, field polarization, time-domain plane printed on a commercial FR4 substrate. The antenna
response, dimensions, and materials, as well as on the satisfies the requirement of 6dB return loss across the
constraintsrelatedtothehostplatform. LTE700/LTE2300/LTE2500andWiMAX3500bands.
InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation 3
In“AWidebandAntennawithCircularandRectangular system, named Orthogonality-Based Reference Modulated-
ShapedSlotsforMobilePhoneApplications,”byW.-H.Zong DifferentialChaosShiftKeying(ORMDCSK),toenhancethe
etal.,theauthorspresentawidebandslotantennaformobile performanceofRM-DCSK.Itisdemonstratedthatbyusing
phone applications. The antenna is composed of two slots. anorthogonalchaoticgeneratortheintrasignalinterference
The main slot, whose shape is a combination of a rectangle components existing in RM-DCSK are eliminated. More-
and a circle, presents small size, while an additional slot over, it is shown that the proposed system shows excellent
having rectangular shape is employed to excite a resonance agreementbetweentheoreticalexpressionsandMonteCarlo
at higher frequencies. The two slots are fed with a bent simulations,whileexhibitingasignificantBERimprovement.
shape structure to obtain wideband impedance matching
characteristics.Themeasurementsperformedonanantenna Acknowledgments
prototypeconfirmthattheproposedantennasolutioncovers
theLTE700/2300/2500,GSM850/900/1800/1900,andUMTS The editors would like to express their gratitude to the
bandswithnearlyomnidirectionalradiationpatterns. authors and the anonymous reviewers for their efforts and
contributions to this special issue. As a final word to our
readers,aftercompilingthissetofpapers,webelievethatit
6.ContributionstoSubstrates,Special givesagoodandcurrentoverviewoftheselectedtopics.We
Materials,andFabricationTechniques hopeyouwillenjoyreadingthisyear’sspecialissueasmuch
aswehaveenjoyedputtingittogether.
In “Wideband, Low-Profile, Dual-Polarized Slot Antenna
RenatoCicchetti
withanAMCSurfaceforWirelessCommunications,”byW.
AntonioFaraone
Huetal.,theauthorspresentawidebanddual-polarizedslot
DiegoCaratelli
antennaloadedwithanartificialmagneticconductor(AMC)
MassimilianoSimeoni
for WLAN/WiMAX and LTE applications. The antenna
structureconsistsoftwopairsofarrow-shapedslotsrealized
along the diagonals of a square patch. Two orthogonal
stepped microstrip feedlines are used to excite horizontal
andverticalfieldpolarization,independently,whileanAMC
surfacecomposedof7×7unitcellsisemployedtoachieve
unidirectionalradiationpatterns.
In “A Multiband Proximity-Coupled-Fed Flexible Mi-
crostripAntennaforWirelessSystems,”byG.A.Casulaetal.,
theauthorspresentamultibandprintedmicrostripantenna
forwirelesscommunications.Theantenna,whichconsistsof
proximity-coupled annular rings printed on a flexible sub-
strate, can coverboththe WLANfrequencies(bothS-band
at2.45GHzandC-bandat5.2GHz)andWiMAXfrequency
at 3.5GHz. The considered antenna can be also employed
forvehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)andVehicle-to-Roadside(V2R)
communications, relying on Wireless Access in Vehicular
Environments (WAVE)/Dedicated Short-Range Communi-
cation (DSRC) based on Intelligent Transportation System
(ITS).
7.ContributionstoChannelModelingand
SystemDesign
In “Impact on Antijamming Performance of Channel Mis-
match in GNSS Antenna Arrays Receivers” by Z. Lu et al.,
theauthorsanalyzetheimpactonantijammingperformance
ofchannelmismatchinGNSSantennaarraysreceivers.The
characteristicsofchannelmismatchandimpactofmismatch
levelarestudiedthroughtheoreticalanalysisandsimulation
experiments.Todeterminetheantijammingperformanceof
an antenna array the concept of channel mismatch impact
factorisintroduced.
In “Design and Performance Analysis of MISO-ORM-
DCSKSystemoverRayleighFadingChannels,”byG.Zhang
et al., the authors present a novel chaotic communication