Wideband, Multiband, Tunable, and Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile and UWB Wireless ...

157 Pages·2013·30.54 MB·English

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Wideband, Multiband, Tunable,
and Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile
and UWB Wireless Applications
Guest Editors: Renato Cicchetti, Antonio Faraone,
Diego Caratelli, and Massimiliano Simeoni
Wideband, Multiband, Tunable,
and Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile and
UWB Wireless Applications
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Wideband, Multiband, Tunable,
and Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile and
UWB Wireless Applications
GuestEditors:RenatoCicchetti,AntonioFaraone,DiegoCaratelli,
and Massimiliano Simeoni
Copyright©2013HindawiPublishingCorporation.Allrightsreserved.
Thisisaspecialissuepublishedin“InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation.”Allarticlesareopenaccessarticlesdistributed
undertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,pro-
videdtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.
Editorial Board
M.Ali,USA SelvanT.Krishnasamy,India SadasivaM.Rao,USA
CharlesBunting,USA TribikramKundu,USA SembiamR.Rengarajan,USA
FelipeCa´tedra,Spain FranciscoFalconeLanas,Spain AhmadSafaai-Jazi,USA
Dau-ChyrhChang,Taiwan Ju-HongLee,Taiwan SafieddinSafavi-Naeini,Canada
DebChatterjee,USA ByungjeLee,RepublicofKorea MagdalenaSalazar-Palma,Spain
Z.N.Chen,Singapore L.Li,Singapore StefanoSelleri,Italy
MichaelYanWahChia,Singapore YilongLu,Singapore ZhongxiangShen,Singapore
Shyh-JongChung,Taiwan AtsushiMase,Japan JohnJ.Shynk,USA
LorenzoCrocco,Italy AndreaMassa,Italy MandeepSinghJitSingh,Malaysia
TayebA.Denidni,Canada GiuseppeMazzarella,Italy Seong-YoupSuh,USA
AntonijeR.Djordjevic,Serbia DerekMcNamara,Canada ParveenWahid,USA
KaruP.Esselle,Australia C.Mecklenbra¨uker,Austria YuanxunEthanWang,USA
MiguelFerrando,Spain MicheleMidrio,Italy DanielS.Weile,USA
VincenzoGaldi,Italy MarkMirotznik,USA TatSoonYeo,Singapore
WeiHong,China AnandaMohan,Australia YoungJoongYoon,Korea
HonTatHui,Singapore P.Mohanan,India Jong-WonYu,RepublicofKorea
TamerS.Ibrahim,USA PavelNikitin,USA WenhuaYu,USA
NemaiKarmakar,Australia A.D.Panagopoulos,Greece AnpingZhao,China
Se-YunKim,RepublicofKorea MatteoPastorino,Italy
AhmedA.Kishk,Canada MassimilianoPieraccini,Italy
Contents
Wideband,Multiband,Tunable,andSmartAntennaSystemsforMobileandUWBWireless
Applications,RenatoCicchetti,AntonioFaraone,DiegoCaratelli,andMassimilianoSimeoni
Volume2013,ArticleID254807,3pages
InnovativeRadiatingSystemsforTrainLocalizationinInterferenceConditions,C.Vegni,M.Tosti,
andA.M.Vegni
Volume2013,ArticleID623950,13pages
AnalysisandDesignofaNovelCompactMultibandPrintedMonopoleAntenna,JunjunWangand
XudongHe
Volume2013,ArticleID694819,8pages
AReconfigurableTriple-Notch-BandAntennaIntegratedwithDefectedMicrostripStructure
Band-StopFilterforUltra-WidebandCognitiveRadioApplications,YingsongLi,WenxingLi,
andQiuboYe
Volume2013,ArticleID472645,13pages
AModifiedVivaldiAntennaforImprovedAngular-DependentFidelityProperty,ZhiZeng,KeXu,
ZhaohuiSong,andQinyuZhang
Volume2013,ArticleID270845,7pages
Dual-BandIntegratedAntennasforDVB-TReceivers,AndreaD’alessandro,RobertoCaso,
MarcosR.Pino,andPaoloNepa
Volume2013,ArticleID941924,9pages
WirelessSensingfortheRespiratoryActivityofHumanBeings:MeasurementsandWide-band
NumericalAnalysis,LorenzoScalise,ValterMarianiPrimiani,PaolaRusso,AlfredoDeLeo,DesarShahu,
andGrazianoCerri
Volume2013,ArticleID396459,10pages
RecentDevelopmentsinReconfigurableandMultibandAntennaTechnology,N.Haider,D.Caratelli,
andA.G.Yarovoy
Volume2013,ArticleID869170,14pages
SparseChannelEstimationforMIMO-OFDMTwo-WayRelayNetworkwithCompressedSensing,
AihuaZhang,ShouyiYang,andGuanGui
Volume2013,ArticleID914734,6pages
PlanarUltrawidebandAntennawithPhotonicallyControlledNotchedBands,DraskoDraskovic,
JeanRaphae¨lOlivierFernandez,andCe´sarBrisoRodr´ıguez
Volume2013,ArticleID924768,6pages
SafetyAspectsofPeopleExposedtoUltraWidebandRadarFields,MartaCavagnaro,StefanoPisa,
andErikaPittella
Volume2013,ArticleID291064,7pages
PlanarPrintedShortedMonopoleAntennawithCoupledFeedforLTE/WWANMobileHandset
Applications,Do-GuKangandYoungjeSung
Volume2013,ArticleID151864,6pages
ATwinSpiralPlanarAntennaforUWBMedicalRadars,GiuseppeA.Zito,EnricoM.Staderini,
andStefanoPisa
Volume2013,ArticleID684185,6pages
Structure-BasedEvolutionaryProgrammingDesignofBroadbandWireAntennas,
GiovanniAndreaCasula,GiuseppeMazzarella,andGiorgioMontisci
Volume2013,ArticleID945408,8pages
ACompactUWBAntennawithaQuarter-WavelengthStripinaRectangularSlotfor5.5GHzBand
Notch,PichetMoeikham,ChatreeMahatthanajatuphat,andPrayootAkkaraekthalin
Volume2013,ArticleID574128,9pages
HighGainCompactStripandSlotUWBSinuousAntennas,ElsonAgastra,LeonardoLucci,
GiuseppePelosi,andStefanoSelleri
Volume2012,ArticleID721412,9pages
Compact,FrequencyReconfigurable,PrintedMonopoleAntenna,RicardoGonc¸alves,PedroPinho,
andNunoB.Carvalho
Volume2012,ArticleID602780,6pages
Parasitic-Element-LoadedUWBAntennawithBand-StopFunctionforMobileHandsetWirelessUSB,
YohanLim,YoungJoongYoon,andByungwoonJung
Volume2012,ArticleID427841,6pages
OptimizedUltrawidebandandUniplanarMinkowskiFractalBranchLineCoupler,
MohammadJahanbakhtandMohammadTondroAghmyoni
Volume2012,ArticleID695190,4pages
HindawiPublishingCorporation
InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation
Volume2013,ArticleID254807,3pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/254807
Editorial
Wideband, Multiband, Tunable, and Smart Antenna Systems for
Mobile and UWB Wireless Applications
RenatoCicchetti,1AntonioFaraone,2DiegoCaratelli,3andMassimilianoSimeoni4
1DepartmentofInformation,ElectronicandTelecommunicationEngineering,UniversityofRome“LaSapienza”,Rome,Italy
2ChiefTechnicalOffice,MotorolaSolutionsInc.,FortLauderdale,FL33322,USA
3MicrowaveTechnologyandSystemsforRadar,DelftUniversityofTechnology,TheNetherlands
4EuropeanSpaceAgency,ESTEC-Keplerlaan,ZHNoordwijk,TheNetherlands
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoRenatoCicchetti;[email protected]
Received6August2013;Accepted6August2013
Copyright©2013RenatoCicchettietal. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperly
cited.
1.Introduction the identification of integration techniques with the host
platform. Important efforts have been devoted to the char-
With the advent of high data rate 3G and 4G wireless acterizationoftheradiochannelforMIMOsystems.
communication systems and the app-based use paradigm, Thespecialissueiscomposedof18contributionsthatcan
wireless connectivity through multiple air interfaces has bedividedintothefollowing8clusters.
become a common requirement in the RF architecture of
newgenerationmobilecommunicationdevices.Themodern
wirelesshandseteasilyincorporatesthreeormoreantennas 2.ContributionstoReconfigurable
to enable cellular, Wi-Fi, and GPS connectivity, frequently andMultibandAntennaTechnology
overmultiplebands.Multipleantennasystemsarefrequently
designed to implement diversity or spatial multiplexing In “Recent developments in reconfigurable and multiband
schemes,asinthecaseofWCDMAandLTE,toincreasethe antennatechnology”byN.Haideretal.,theauthorspresent
resiliencyandcapacityofwirelesslinks,andeventooperate a comparativeanalysisofvariousreconfigurableandmulti-
multiplevoice/datalinkssimultaneously.Concurrently,ultra- bandantennaconcepts.Inparticular,threebasicapproaches,
wideband(UWB)systemsusedinshortrangecommunica- tunable/switchableantennaintegrationwithradiofrequency
tions, remote sensing, and through-the-wall radar imaging switchingdevices, widebandormultibandantennaintegra-
haveintroducedanewparadigminantennadesignwherethe tionwithtunablefilters,andarrayarchitectureswiththesame
mitigationofpulsedistortionisoftheessence,thusrequiring apertureutilizedfordifferentoperationalmodes,havebeen
a shift in antenna design approach and the introduction of analyzedindetailshowinginherentbenefitsandchallenges.
novelradiatingsystems. In“Areconfigurabletriple-Notch-Bandantennaintegrated
This special issue is intended to reflect current R&D with defected microstrip structure band-stop filter for ultra-
trends and novel approaches in the analysis and synthesis wideband cognitive radio applications” by Y. Li et al., the
of antenna systems for the new generation of mobile com- authors describe a reconfigurable UWB monopole antenna
municationdevices,suchassmartphones,tablets,andlaptop forcognitiveradioapplications.Threenarrowband-notched
computersaswellasforUWBcommunicationsystemsand frequencies are obtained using a defected microstrip struc-
radars. A particular emphasis has been paid to the analysis ture(DMS),astopbandfilter(BSF)embeddedinthemicro-
and design of broadband, multiband, and reconfigurable strip feed line, and an inverted 𝜋-shaped slot etched in
antennas for wireless and UWB applications, as well as to the rectangular radiant patch, respectively. Reconfigurable
2 InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation
characteristics of the proposed cognitive radio antenna are In “Parasitic-element-loaded UWB antenna with band-
achieved by means of four ideal switches integrated on the stop function for mobile handset wireless USB” by Y. Lim
DMS-BSFandtheinverted𝜋-shapedslot. et al., the authors present an antenna loaded by parasitic
In“Planarultrawidebandantennawithphotonicallycon- elements for the wireless USB of mobile handsets useful
trolled notched bands” by D. Draskovic et al., the authors for UWB service in which a band-stop function of 5.725–
describe a planar microstrip-fed UWB printed circular 5.825GHz WLAN band is required. To this end, two kinds
monopoleantennawithopticallycontrollednotchedbands. of parasitic elements are incorporated into a rectangular
TheproposedantennaiscomposedofacircularUWBpatch, radiatortoobtainenhancedimpedancebandwidthandband-
with an etched T-shaped slot controlled by an integrated stopfunction.Inthisway,bandwidthsof3.15–4.75GHzand
optical switch. The slot modifies the frequency response of of7.2–10.2GHzareachieved,whilethefrequencyband5.725–
theantennasuppressingthe3.5–5GHzbandwhentheswitch 5.825GHzissuppressed.
isinanopenstate.Theopticalswitchiscontrolledbyalow-
powerlaserdioderenderingtheantennaremotelycontrolled
bymeansofanopticalfiber. 4.ContributionstoAntennasfor
In“Compact,frequencyreconfigurable,printedmonopole UWBApplications
antenna” by R. Gonc¸alves et al., the authors propose, a
compactreconfigurableprintedmonopoleantenna,usefulto In“AcompactUWBantennawithaquarter-wavelengthStrip
operate in the UMTS and WLAN bands. To this purpose a inaRectangularslotfor5.5GHzbandnotch”byP.Moeikham
chip inductor and PIN diode are employed to modify the etal.,theauthorspresentamonopoleUWBantennaintegrat-
electricallengthofthemonopolemakingtheantennaableto inganotchfiltertoreducetheelectromagneticinterferences
operateinthementionedfrequencybands. (EMIs)withWLAN/WiMAXcommunicationsystemsoper-
ating in the frequency band located around 5.5GHz. Con-
sisting in a rectangular slot including a quarter-wavelength
3.ContributionstoBroad-and stripintegratedonthelowerinneredgeoftheUWBradiating
MultibandingTechniques patch,thefilterproposedbytheauthorsiscapableofreducing
theenergyemissioninthefrequencyrangebetween5.1and
In“Analysisanddesignofanovelcompactmultibandprinted 5.75GHz resulting in lower EMIs with sensible electronic
monopoleantenna”byJ.WangandX.He,theauthorspresent equipmentworkinginthisfrequencyband.
a compact T-shaped multiband printed monopole antenna In “A modified vivaldi antenna for improved angular-
integratingsomeU-shapedband-notchstructures.Thepro- dependent fidelity property” by Z. Zeng et al., the authors
posedantennaoperatesat2.25–2.7GHz,3.25–3.6GHz,4.95– present a modified Vivaldi antenna optimized to radiate
6.2GHz, and 7-8GHz, covering the operation bands of impulsive signals. To this end, a spatial filter consisting of
Bluetooth,WiMAX,andWLANandthedownlinkoftheX- twosuitabledielectricslabsparalleltotheantennasubstrate
bandsatellitecommunicationsystems. is introduced. As a result, the fidelity factor indicating the
In “Dual-band integrated antennas for DVB-T receivers” qualityoftheradiatedfieldissignificantlyimproved.Infact,
byA.D’alessandroetal.,theauthorspresentanoverviewon the experimental measurements show that the ranges with
compactPlanarInverted-FAntennas(PIFAs)thataresuitable the fidelity factor better than the value of 0.9 are improved
for monitor-equipped devices. High efficiency PIFAs with by95%inH-planeandby14%inE-plane,respectively,with
a percentage bandwidth greater than 59% (470–862MHz respecttoaconventionalVivaldiantenna.
DVB-T band) are shown. Finally, to show the extreme In“HighgaincompactstripandslotUWBsinuousanten-
flexibility of the previous two configurations, a novel dual- nas” by E. Agastra et al., the authors analyze three ground-
band L-shape PIFA has been proposed. The L-shape PIFA backed compact strip and slot sinuous antennas. The pro-
prototype is obtained by properly cutting and folding a posed configuration allows for a single lobe, polarization-
singlemetalsheet,thusresultinginarelativelylow-costand versatile, high efficiency, and ultrawideband antenna not
mechanicallyrobustantennaconfiguration. needing a cumbersome lossy back cavity typical of conven-
In“Planarprintedshortedmonopoleantennawithcoupled tionalsingle-lobesinuousantennas.
feed for LTE/WWAN mobile handset applications” by D.
Kang and Y. Sung, the authors present a shorted monopole
antennawithcoupledfeedforLTE/WWANmobilehandset 5.ContributionstoSpecialMaterials,
applications. The basic resonance of the shorted monopole andFabricationTechniques
combines with the resonance caused by the interaction
betweenthecouplingstripandthefeedingpadtocoverthe In“Innovativeradiatingsystemsfortrainlocalizationininter-
LTE700,GSM850,andGSM900bands.Boththefeedingpad ference conditions” by C. Vegni et al., the authors, firstly,
and the coupling strip operate with the shorting strip as a proposeaninnovativeradiatingsystemsbasedonthemeta-
loop antenna. The resonance of the loop antenna and the material technology for global navigation satellite system
harmonics of the shorted monopole combine to cover the (GNSS) applications in radio frequency interference condi-
GSM1800, GSM1900, UMTS, and LTE2300 bands. A stable tions.Secondly,fixedradiationpatternantenna(FRPA),and
and omnidirectionalradiation pattern with reasonable gain controlled radiation pattern antenna (CRPA) phased array
hasbeenobservedovertheoperatingbandwidth. configurations of miniaturized patch antennas are studied.
InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation 3
Finally,thedesignofthephasedarrayisappliedtoaGNSS the authors present a directional coupler, based on a non-
userreceiverinarealisticrailwayenvironment. Euclidean Minkowski fractalgeometryable to operate with
excellent isolation and low insertion losses over the UWB
6.ContributionstoWirelessSystemsfor frequencyrange.Theproposeddevicepresentsgoodintegra-
RemoteControlofVitalParameters tionfeaturesthatmakeitsuitabletobeemployedasapower
dividerinelectroniccircuitryorinthearrayofbroadbandor
In “A twin spiral planar antenna for UWB medical radars” UWBantennas.
by G. A. Zito et al., the authors propose a planar-spiral
antennausefultobeemployedinanUWBradarsystemfor 9.ContributionstoMIMOAntennaSystems
heart activitymonitoring.The proposedantennapresents a
andChannelModeling
reflection coefficient lower than −8dB over the 3–12GHz
band, while the coupling between the two spiral dipoles is In “Sparse channel estimation for MIMO-OFDM two-way
about−20dB.Numericalsimulationsindicatethattheradi- relay network with compressed sensing” by A. Zhang et al.,
ation impedance variation, caused by the thorax vibrations the authors propose a sparse channel estimation scheme at
associatedwithheartactivity,isthemostlikelyexplanation end users under the relay channel to enable us to exploit
oftheUWBradaroperation. sparsity.First,theyformulatethesparsechannelestimation
In “Wireless sensing for the respiratory activity of human problemasacompressedsensingproblembyusingthesparse
beings:measurementsandwide-bandnumericalanalysis”by decomposition theory. Second, the CIR is reconstructed
L.Scaliseetal.,theauthorsproposeanRFsensingsystemfor by CoSaMP and OMP algorithms. The numerical results
theremotecontroloftherespiratoryactivity.Theproposed confirm the superiority of the proposed methods over the
sensing system is based on the measurement of the phase traditionallinearchannelestimationmethods.
variationofthereflectioncoefficientcausedbytherespiratory
activity. The phase signal compared with the thorax dis-
Acknowledgments
placementmeasuredbyareferenceinstrumentshowsahigh
correlationwithdifferentsubjectpostures(sitting,standing,
Theeditorswouldliketoexpresstheirgratitudetotheauthors
andlying),andareductionofthesignalamplitudewiththe
andtheanonymousreviewersfortheircontributionstothis
distance−0.11dB/cmisreported.Theproposedsystemmakes
specialissue.
itpossibletooperateatdistancesupto2.5m.
In “Safety aspects of people exposed to ultra wideband RenatoCicchetti
radarfields”byM.Cavagnaroetal.,theauthorsanalyzethe AntonioFaraone
safetyaspectsofpeopleexposedtoafieldemittedbyUWB DiegoCaratelli
radar for breath activity monitoring, operating both in the MassimilianoSimeoni
spatial environment and on ground. The basic restrictions
andreferencelevelsreportedintheICNIRPsafetyguideline
areconsidered,andthecomplianceofelectromagneticfields
radiatedbyaUWBradarwiththeselimitshasbeenevaluated.
TheauthorsshowthatifthefieldemittedbytheUWBradar
is compliant with spatial and/or ground emission masks,
then both reference levels and basic restrictions are largely
satisfied.
7.ContributionstoNumerical
andAnalyticalTechniquesforAntenna
ModelingandDesign
In “Structure-based evolutionary programming design of
broadbandwireantennas”byG.A.Casulaetal.,theauthors
present a designed technique for wideband wire antennas.
The technique, based on the structure-based evolutionary
programming,isusedtodesignabroadbandantenna,oper-
ating in the 3–16GHz frequency band, with an end-fire
radiationpattern,highgain,goodimpedancematching,and
robustnesswithrespecttorealizationtolerances.
8.ContributionstoPassiveDevicesper
UWBApplications
In“Optimizedultrawidebandanduniplanarminkowskifractal
branchlinecoupler”byM.JahanbakhtandM.T.Aghmyoni,