Table Of ContentWhy Congress
Needs Women
Recent Titles in
Women’s Psychology
The Psychology of Women at Work: Challenges and Solutions for Our
Female Workforce
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Feminism and Women’s Rights Worldwide, Three Volumes
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Single Mother in Charge: How to Successfully Pursue Happiness
Sandy Chalkoun
Women and Mental Disorders, Four Volumes
Paula K. Lundberg-Love, Kevin L. Nadal, and Michele A. Paludi, Editors
Reproductive Justice: A Global Concern
Joan C. Chrisler, Editor
The Psychology of Love, Four Volumes
Michele A. Paludi, Editor
An Essential Handbook of Women’s Sexuality, Two Volumes
Donna Castañeda, Editor
Psychological Health of Women of Color: Intersections, Challenges, and
Opportunities
Lillian Comas-Díaz and Beverly Greene, Editors
Violence against Girls and Women: International Perspectives, Two
Volumes
Janet A. Sigal and Florence L. Denmark, Editors
The Praeger Handbook on Women’s Cancers: Personal and Psychosocial
Insights
Michele A. Paludi, Editor
The Wrong Prescription for Women: How Medicine and Media Create a
“Need” for Treatments, Drugs, and Surgery
Maureen C. McHugh and Joan C. Chrisler, Editors
Bullies in the Workplace: Seeing and Stopping Adults Who Abuse Their
Co-Workers and Employees
Michele A. Paludi, Editor
Sexual Harassment in Education and Work Settings: Current Research
and Best Practices for Prevention
Michele A. Paludi, Jennifer L. Martin, James E. Gruber, and Susan Fineran,
Editors
Why Congress
Needs Women
Bringing Sanity to the
House and Senate
Michele A. Paludi, Editor
Women’s Psychology
Michele A. Paludi, Series Editor
Copyright © 2016 by Michele A. Paludi
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of
brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the
publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Paludi, Michele Antoinette, editor.
Title: Why congress needs women : bringing sanity to the house and senate /
Michele A. Paludi, editor.
Description: Santa Barbara, California : Praeger, [2016] | Series: Women’s
psychology | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015031326 | ISBN 9781440832710 (acid-free paper) | ISBN
9781440832727 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Women—Political activity—United States. | Women
legislators—United States. | Women legislators—United States—Biography. |
United States. Congress.
Classification: LCC HQ1236.5.U6 W49 2016 | DDC 320.0820973—dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015031326
ISBN: 978-1-4408-3271-0
EISBN: 978-1-4408-3272-7
20 19 18 17 16 1 2 3 4 5
This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook.
Visit www.abc-clio.com for details.
Praeger
An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC
ABC-CLIO, LLC
130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911
Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911
This book is printed on acid-free paper
Manufactured in the United States of America
“A Woman’s Place is in the House . . . and the Senate Too”
Anna Belle Clement O’Brien
Tennessee State Senator, 1977–1991
Thank you to all women who have sought election to local, state, and
federal offices. Even when we do not win the election we have had our
voices heard and that creates change.
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Contents
Series Foreword xi
Michele A. Paludi
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction xvii
Michele A. Paludi
Senator Rebecca Latimer Felton xlv
1. Examining Partisan Men and Women’s Issue
Emphases from Campaigns to Legislation 1
Lindsey M. Meeks
Congresswoman Jeannette Rankin 19
2. A Truly Representative Political System Requires
Women in Congress 21
Breena E. Coates
Senator Margaret Chase Smith 29
3. Women in Leadership: A Consideration of Lingering
Challenges and Intriguing Possibilities 31
Jennifer L. Martin and Lori M. Kumler
Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm 47
viii Contents
4. Gabrielle Giffords: The Embodiment of Determination,
Courage, and Hope 49
Katherine A. Scott and Paula K. Lundberg-Love
Congresswoman Edith Nourse Rogers 59
5. Women and Leadership 61
Melissa Alexander and William Schweinle
Senator Nancy Landon Kassebaum 71
6. Elizabeth Warren: The Voice of America’s Future 73
Felicia L. Mirghassemi and Paula K. Lundberg-Love
Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen 83
7. Evaluation of Female Leaders: Stereotypes,
Prejudice, and Discrimination 85
Susan A. Basow
Congresswoman Maxine Waters 99
8. Social Stigma Faced by Female Leaders 101
Whitney Botsford Morgan, Veronica L. Gilrane,
Tracy C. McCausland, and Eden B. King
Congresswoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz 119
9. Empowering Women Leaders to Rise above
Microaggressions 121
Kevin L. Nadal, Vanessa Meterko, Vivian M. Vargas,
and Michelle Wideman
Senator Dianne Feinstein 137
10. Social Psychological Perspectives on Discrimination
against Women Leaders 139
Nicole L. Cundiff and Margaret S. Stockdale
Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi 155
11. Men’s Perceptions of Women Leaders 157
Patti J. Berg, William Schweinle, and Betty Hulse
Congresswoman Elise Stefanik 169
Contents ix
12. “The Personal Is Political”: From Personal Experiences
with Sex Discrimination to Ensuring Equity for
Girls and Women: Patsy Takemoto Mink 171
Michele A. Paludi
Senator Barbara Mikulski 177
13. “It’s a Small Wonder Why There Aren’t More
Women. . .”: Carol Moseley Braun, the First African
American Woman in the Senate 179
Michele A. Paludi
Appendix A: Organizations Dealing with Women,
Leadership, and Politics 183
Appendix B: National Resources: Campaign
Trainings for Women 187
About the Editor and Contributors 191
Index 199
