Table Of ContentWhose Back Was Stabbed?
FDR’s Secret War on Japan
Koichi Mera
HamiltonBooks
AnImprintof
Rowman&Littlefield
Lanham•Boulder•NewYork•Toronto•Plymouth,UK
Copyright©2017byHamiltonBooks
4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706
HamiltonBooksAcquisitionsDepartment(301)459-3366
UnitA,WhitacreMews,26-34StannaryStreet,
LondonSE114AB,UnitedKingdom
Allrightsreserved
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017933628
ISBN:978-0-7618-6895-8(cloth:alk.paper)—ISBN:978-0-7618-6896-5(electronic)
TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican
NationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary
Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992.
To
ThoseAmericanInstitutions
ThatenrichedmySoul&Mind:
FulbrightCommission
PrincetonUniversityGraduateSchool
&
HarvardUniversityGraduateSchoolofArts&Sciences
Contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xiii
1 JapanTwiceTrapped:ThePacificWarandBeyond 1
JapaninTwoTraps 1
RecentDocumentsRevealtheLiesandDeceptionsbythe
AlliedNations 4
2 TheTokyoWarCrimesTrials:ATravestyofLegalJustice 7
TheTokyoWarCrimesTrialsPerformedwithoutLegalBasis 7
TheImpositionoftheTokyoWarCrimesTrialsbythe
MilitaryOccupationForces 10
TheTrialsthatNoOneCanJustify 12
JapanWasNotan“AggressorNation” 23
AnInjusticethatEventheUnitedStatesAdmitted 24
Notes 25
3 JapanamongCompetingPowers 27
TheNeedtoReevaluateModernHistory 27
TheRusso-JapaneseWarastheStartingPointoftheGreat
EastAsianWar 29
ThePersecutionofJapaneseImmigrants 30
TheClashofInterestsinJapan’s“Twenty-OneDemands” 33
America’sRavenousTerritorialExpansion 34
ShacklingJapanattheWashingtonNavalConference 36
TheManchurianIncidentandJapan’sIsolation 39
Behind-the-scenesManeuveringbytheSovietComintern 40
TheAnti-JapanesePropagandaCampaignofSoongMeiling 42
v
vi Contents
Notes 43
4 TheHistoricalImplicationsofJapan’sResistancetoColonization 45
Japan’sRoleintheLiberationofAsia 45
JapaneseReplytoCommodorePerry’sOPENDOORRequest 46
StrainedRelationshipswithChina,KoreaandRussia 48
ClashbetweenJapanandChinainKoreanPeninsula 50
JapanSavedKoreafromRussiaandChina 51
ThePositionoftheU.S.towardJapan’sAnnexationofKorea 53
IndependenceofVariousAsianCountriesandTheir
Modernization 60
JapaneseEncouragementtoColonizedAsianandAfricanPeople 61
TheU.S.DeceivingthePhilippines,andJapanAssisting
Indonesia 63
TheIdealoftheGreatEastAsianCo-ProsperitySphere 64
JapanCrushedbytheU.S. 66
TheLegacyof“GreatEastAsiaCo-prosperitySphere” 67
Notes 69
5 Japan’sChallengetoRacialDiscrimination 71
TheCrueltyofInterracialWar 71
ProgressionofColonialRulesbyWesternPowers 72
TheGlobalEnvironmentJapanJumpedInto 73
FirstAppealforGlobalRacialNon-DiscriminationbyJapan 74
TheNewRegimeofGreatEastAsiafortheAsians 76
TheCrueltyoftheSecondWorldWar 80
ImpactsoftheGreatEastAsianWaronAsianandAfrican
Countries 83
CivilRightsMovementintheU.S. 84
Notes 85
6 PresidentRooseveltPushedJapantoRetaliate 87
RewritingHistory 87
TheContextofRoosevelt’sProvocations 89
Roosevelt’sDiplomaticPolicies 90
DrivingJapantotheBrink 96
TheSovietPlotbehindtheHullNote 97
TheWordsandDeedsofPresident’sMenontheEveofthe
PearlHarborAttack 99
TheMemoirsofHerbertHoover 101
MacArthur’sTestimonybeforetheU.S.Senate 102
Conclusions 103
Notes 104
7 Japan’sTotalDefeatintheInformationWar 105
InformationIsPower 105
Contents vii
Stalin’sGlobalStrategyandManipulationofInformation 106
TheSecondSino-JapaneseWarandtheComintern 109
TheWayChina’sLeadersUsedInformation 111
TheFabricationoftheNankingMassacre 111
PresidentRoosevelt’sIntrigues 115
Japan’sFailuretoUseItsHome-madeRadarTechnology 118
TheOccupationArmy’sSkillfulManipulationofInformation 119
JapanFailedintheInformationWar 120
Notes 121
8 AmericanOccupationPolicyofCastratingJapan 125
Introduction 125
ControloftheJapaneseGovernment 129
TryingofWarCriminals 130
PurgingofInfluentialPersons 131
DissolutionofBusinessConglomerates 133
InformationControl 134
Confiscationof“UndesirableBooks” 136
ImposingaNewConstitution 138
ProvisionofPropagandaInformation 140
EducationReforms 141
TaxationPolicies 142
FarmLandReform 143
GeneralImpacts 143
Notes 145
9 TheHistoricalLegacyofWorldWarIIinAsia 147
TwoPostwarTrends 147
TheEstablishmentofAmericanHegemony 147
TheFoundingoftheUnitedNationsandtheBrettonWoods
System 148
ThePowerofNuclearDeterrence 149
TheUSSR’sChallengetoAmericaandItsCollapse 149
TheNewStruggleforSupremacy 151
TheRevivalandGrowthofJapan 152
TheIndependenceoftheFormerColoniesinAfricaandAsia 154
TheSecretsofRapidGrowththatEastAsiaLearnedfromJapan 156
NeglectofDefenseandthePeaceStupor 158
ThePlazaAccord:JapaneseGoodWillMeetsAmerican
Machiavellianism 158
Japan’sRelationswithNeighboringNations 160
TheWorld’sAdmirationforJapan 161
PuttinganEndtotheImposedConstitutionandtotheLegacy
oftheTokyoTrials 164
viii Contents
Notes 166
10 Conclusions:JapanShouldTakePrideinHerPast 167
JapanShouldBeProudofNotBeingCrushedbytheWestern
Powers 167
TheTrueDefeatTookPlaceaftertheAlliedOccupation 173
TheJapaneseMustBeRespected 175
JapanMustDealwiththeU.S.onanEqualFooting 176
JapanShouldWalkonHerOwnPath 176
Notes 179
AppendixA:ImperialRescriptontheDeclarationofWarReleased
bytheCabinetat1100Hourson8December1941(Japan
Time) 181
Note 183
AppendixB:TheConcludingTestimonyofGeneralHidekiTojoat
theInternationalMilitaryTribunalfortheFarEast 185
Note 186
AppendixC:GeneralDouglasMacArthur’sTestimonyonJapan
beforetheArmedServicesandForeignRelationsCommittees
oftheU.S.SenateonMay3,1951(Excerpt) 187
Note 188
Bibliography 189
Index 195