Table Of ContentWHITE DWARFS:COSMOLOGICALAND GALACTIC PROBES
ASTROPHYSICS AND
SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY
VOLUME332
EDITORIALBOARD
Chairman
WWW.B. BURTON,National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A.
([email protected]); University of Leiden, The Netherlands ([email protected])
EEExecutive Committee
J. M. E. KUIJPERS,UniversitttyooffNiijmeegen, The Netherlands
E. P. J.VAN DEN HEUVEL,University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
H. VAN DER LAAN,University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
MEMBERS
J. N. BAHCALL,TTThe Institute fffor Advanced Studddyyy, Princeton, U.S.A.
F. BERTOLA,University of Padua, Itallly
J. P. CASSINELLI,University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A.
C. J. CESARSKYYY,European Southern Observatorrryyy, Garchingg bei München, Germanny
O. ENGVOLD,University of Oslo, Norwaay
A. HECK,Strassbourg Astronomical Observatory, France
R. McCRAYYY,UniversitttyooffColorado, Boulder, U.S.A.
P. G. MURDIN,IIInstitute of Astronomy, Cambridge, U.K.
F. PACINI,IIIstituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy
VVV. RADHAKRISHNAN,Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India
K.SATO,SSSchool of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
F. H. SHU,University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A.
B. V. SOMOVVV,Astronomical Institute, Moscow State Universitttyyy, Russia
R. A. SUNYAEVVV,Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
YYY. TANAKA,IIInstitute of Space & Astronautical Science, Kanagawa, Japan
S. TREMAINE,Princeton Universitttyyy, U.S.A.
N.O.WEISS,University of Cambridge, U.K.
WHITE DWARFS:
COSMOLOGICAL AND
GALACTIC PROBES
EEEdited bby
EDWWWARD M.SION
Villanova Universitttyyy, Villanova, U.S.A.
STÉPHANEVENNES
JJJohns Hopkins University,
Baltimore,MD,U.S.A.
and
HARRYL. SHIPMAN
University of Delaware,
Newarkkk,DEE,U.S.A.
AC.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 1-4020-3693-0(HB)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3693-4(HB)
ISBN-10 1-4020-3725-2(e-book)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-3725-2(e-book)
Published by Springer,
P.O. Box 17,3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springeronline.com
Printed on acid--fffree paper
Coverpicture:White Dwarfs in GlobularCluster Mu,
Hubble Space Telescope, NASA and H. Richer (University of British Columbia)
All Rights Reserved
© 2005 Springer
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording
or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception
of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered
and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
Printeddin theNetherlands.
Contents
Preffface ix
Section I. Halo White Dwarfs and Galactic Structure 1
OldUltracoolWhiteDwarfsasCosmologicalProbes 3
G.Fontaine,P.Berrgeron,P.Brassard
Numbercountsofwhitedwarfs:theimpactofGAIA 15
EEEnriqueGarcia-Berro,SantiagoTorres,FrancescaFigueras,JordiIsern
InfluenceofMetallicityintheDeterminationoftheAgeofHaloWhiteDwarfs 25
J.Isern,E.Garcia-Berro,M.Salaris,I.Dominguez
CoolHaloWhiteDwarfsfffromGSCII 31
D.Carollo,A.Spagna,M.G.Lattanzi,R.L.Smarttt,,B.MMMcLean,S.T.Hodgkin,
L.Terranegra
Darkhalobaryonsnotinancientwhitedwarfs? 41
C.Reeylé,M.Crézé,V.Mohan,A.C.Robin,J.-C.Cuillandre,O.LeFèvre,
H.J.McCracken,Y.Mellier
WhiteDwarfsin2QZandSloanSurveys 49
StééphaneVennes,AdélaKawka,ScottM.Croom,BrianJ.Boyle,RobertJJJ.Smith,
TomShanks,PhilOutram,LanceMiller,NicolaLoaring
WhiteDwarfsandCataclysmicVariablesintheFBS 61
A.M.Mickaelian
WhiteDwarfsinGlobularClusters 73
S.Moehler,D.Koester,U.Heber,R.Napiwotzki,M.Zoccali,F.R.Ferraro,
A.Renzini
Core/EnvelopeSymmetryinPulsatingWhiteDwarfStars 79
T.S.Metcallfffe,M.H.Montgomery,D.E.Winget
ASearchffforVariabilityinCoolWhiteDwarfStars 85
TerrrryD.Oswalt,KKKyleJohnston,MerissaRudkin,JJJohnBochanski,
JustinSchaeferrrr,,ElizabethWennerstrom
vi WHITTTEE DWWWWAAAAARFS: COSSSSSMMMMOOOOOLLOGGGGGIIIIICCCCCAAL AND GGGGAAAALACTTTIIC PPPRROBES
PlanetaryNebulaeandtheGalacticBulge 91
A.E.J.Peyaudddd,,Q.A.Parkerrrr,,A.Acker
Section II. Type Ia Supernovae 95
TTTypeIaSupernovaeandCosmology 97
AlexeiV.Filippenko
TheProgenitorsofTypeIaSupernovae 135
CCChristoopherA.Tout
ProgenitorsofSupernovaeTTTypeIa 153
R.Napiwotzki,C.A.Karl,G.Nelemans,L.Yungelson,N.Christlieb,
H.Drechsel,U.Heber,D.Homeier,D.Koester,B.Leibunddgut,T.R.Marsh,
S.Moehler,E.-M.PauliA.Renzini,D.Reimerrrs
PopulationsynthesisffforprogenitorsoftypeIasupernovae 163
LevR.Yungelson
HowfarcanwetrustSNeIaasStandardCandles? 175
DayalWickramasinghe,ChristopherA.Tout,Enik˝˝˝˝ Rego˝s,JarrodHurley,
OnnoPols
KirshneronWhiteDwarfs,Supernovae,andCosmology 191
HarryL.Shipman
Section III. Cataclysmic Variables and White Dwarf
Accretion 195
AccretioninCataclysmicVariableStars 197
BrianWWWarnerandPatrickA.WWWoudt
WhiteDwarfsinCataclysmicVariables:ProbesofAccretionHistory 205
PPPaulaSzkodddy,EEEdddwarrrdM.Sion,andBorisT.Gänsicke
IntermediatePolarsinLowStates 211
BrianWarner
ChemicalAbundancesofWDsinCVs 217
EEEdddwardM.Sion,PPPaulaSzkodddy
AMCVnStarsintheUCTCCDCVSurvey. 225
PPPatrickA.WWWoudtandBrianWWWarner
TUGObservationsofV2275Cyg,RWUmi,PXAndandFOPer 233
SS¸¸.Balman,A.Yılmaz,T.Ak,T.Saygaç,H.Esenog˘˘lu,A.Retter,Y.Lipkin,
UUU.Kızılog˘lu,A.Bianchini,S.Aliss¸¸¸
ThePossibleIdentificationofTwoHibernatingNovae 243
AdélaKawka,StéphaneVennes
Contents vii
EvidenceffforlargesuperhumpsinTXColandV4742Sgr 251
AlonRetterrrr,,AlexanderLiu,MMMarcBos
Concluding Remarks
261
HarryShipman,EdddwarrrdSion,StéphaneVennes
ObjectIndex 265
AuthorIndex 267
Preface
Inthepastfewyears,generalastronomicalinteresthasconcentratedonsev-
eral objects and phenomena where white dwarf stars play a key role. TTType
Ia supernovae have been used as evidence to show that, in fact, Einstein did
not make his greatest blunder when he allowed for the possibility of a cos-
mological constant. Improvements inourknowledge oftheHubble parameter
have revived interest inthe use ofwhitedwarf stars asadifferent type of cos-
mochronometer to measure the age of the Galaxy and thus set constraints on
the age of the Universe. In roughly the same time period, there have been
considerable advances in our understanding of white dwarf stars, both as iso-
lated stars in the field and as members of interacting binary systems. Much
ofthisadvancehascomefffromtheavailability ofspacecraffft observations fffrom
missions likeHSTTTT,,IUUUE,ROSATTTT,,EXOSATTTT,,Chandrrra, ORFEUS,EUVE,HUTTTT,,
and FUSE. The discovery of thousands of new white dwarfffs fffrom a number
oflarge surveys and thepotential of the SloanDigital SkkkySurvey have added
impetustothefield.
Studiesofinteractingbinariessuchasclassicalnovae,supersoffftX-raybina-
ries, symbiotic variables, dwarfnovae andnova-like objects have revealed the
difffferences between the thermal evolution of single and close binary systems
aswellasheightened interestinthesesystemsasprogenitorsofthecosmolog-
ically important Type I supernovae. A more speculative question is whether
classicalnovaecanbeunderstoodwellenoughthattheymightprovideanother
kind of standard candle. The role of competing physical processes (mixing
versus diffffusion) in determining chemical abundances at the onset of, and in
the eejecta of, the thermonuclear explosion must be understood not only for
classical novae but also for accreting X-ray bursting neutron stars in X-ray
binaries.
Thisbook, andtheconference thatgaverisetoit,focusonaspects ofwhite
dwarfsthatareprovidingnewinformationasaresultofthelargeground-based
surveys and new space results, and how this information can be used to gain
understanding of the age of the galactic disk, TTType Ia supernovae, and the
physicsandphenomenologyofthecataclysmicvariablestarswhich,according
to current conventional wisdom, a wide range of phenomena from accretion
x WHITTTEE DWWWWAAAAARFS: COSSSSSMMMMOOOOOLLOGGGGGIIIIICCCCCAAL AND GGGGAAAALACTTTIIC PPPRROBES
effectsinnearbyclosebinariestolocalopenclusterstodistantglobularclusters
anddarkmatterinthehaloandultimatelytosetalowerlimittotheageofour
galaxyandtheuniverse.
This book: Going Beyond the Conference
This book includes some extensive review articles, in some cases by invi-
tation to scientists who were not present at the conffference itself. At the con-
ffference, one of us (Shipman) presented some brief review talks based on the
published literature. We also did not limit our authors to a fixed number of
pages,thusencouraging authorstopresentlonger,morediscursivereviewma-
terial. Asaresult,webelievethatpeoplewhoreadthisbookwillgetastronger
andbroader perspective thanthose whosimply wenttotheconffference. Read-
ers who did not participate in the conffference can gain this broad perspective
onseveralissuesthatarecritically importantffforastronomytoday.
The common thread binding this book is the role of white dwarf research
in solving problems in cosmology, galactic structure, and the physics of ac-
cretion. The book naturally divides into three maajor sections: I. Halo White
Dwarfffs and Galactic Structure; II. Type Ia Supernovae; and III. Cataclysmic
VVVariablesandWhiteDwarfAccretion. Theoverlapinthesesectionssimplyre-
flectstheimpetusbehindtheconffferenceandthebook. Thatis,tobringoutthe
waysinwhichcurrentresearch onwhitedwarfstarsisimpacting onproblems
incosmology,galacticstructure,latestellarevolutionandaccretionontowhite
dwarfs in interacting binaries. To help guide the reader, we have designated
severalarticleswhichofferabroaderperspective, eithersolicitedbyinvitation
of the editors or contributed, as being "review papers". To this end, we point
out the articles by G. Fontaine et al. in section I., the articles by A.V. Filip-
penko, and C.A.Tout inSection II. and by Warner and Woudt, P.and Szkody
etal. insection III.
Giving credit where credit is due: The four authors of this Introduction
all played different roles in this enterprise as they functioned as a team. The
original idea of proposing such a conference came from Paula Szkody and
EdSion. Harry Shipman joined up and became principal proposal author and
impresario for the conference, with assistance from Sion and Vennes. Sion
initiated the possiblity of a volume beyond the abbreviated form of an IAAAU
transaction and became the principal editor, with assistance from Vennes and
Shipman. The four of us gratefully acknowledge financial support for this
work from NASA and from the National Science Foundation. H.L. Shipman
andE.M.SionacknowledgesupportfromtheDelawareSpaceGrantProgram,
whichhasfacilitated theircollaboration.
H.L.SHIPMAN.E.M.SION,P.SZKODY,ANDS.VENNES
SECTION I. HALO WHITE DWARFS
AND GALACTIC STRUCTURE
