When Robots Kill: Artificial Intelligence under Criminal Law

265 Pages·2013·1.17 MB·English

by  Gabriel Hallevy

When Robots Kill

GabRiel halle v y
Northeaster N UNiversity Press . Boston
Northeastern University Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Halevi, Gavri’el.
When robots kill : artificial intelligence under criminal law /
Gabriel Hallevy.
pages cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978–1–55553–801–9 (cloth) —
ISBN 978–1–55553–805–7 (pbk.) —
ISBN 978–1–55553–806–4 (ebook) (print)
1. Criminal liability. 2. Artificial intelligence—Law and
legislation—Criminal provisions. I. Title.
K5070.H35 2013
345'.0252—dc23 2012033518
5 4 3 2 1
to my dear f amil y

And God said, let us make man in our image, after our
likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea,
and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle,
and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that
creepeth upon the earth. So God created man in
his own image, in the image of God created he him;
male and female created he them.
—GeNesis 1:26–27

Contents
List of Tables . xiii
Preface . xv
1
the emer GeNce of machi Na saPieNs crimi Nalis . 1
1.1. The Endless Quest for Machina Sapiens . 1
1.1.1. History and Prehistory of Artificial Intelligence . 1
1.1.2. Defining Artificial Intelligence, and the Endlessness
of the Quest for Machina Sapiens . 4
1.1.3. Turning Disadvantages into Advantages:
Industrial and Private Use of Artificial Intelligence . 12
1.2. On Evolution and Devolution:
Machina Sapiens Criminalis . 14
1.2.1. Serve and Protect: Human Fears of
Human-Robot Coexistence . 14
1.2.2. Evolution and Devolution:
Machina Sapiens Criminalis as a By-product . 17
1.2.3. Inapplicability of the Zoological
Legal Model to AI Technology . 22
1.3. The Modern Offender . 25
1.3.1. Basic Requirements for a Given Offense . 26
1.3.2. Requirements of a Given Offense:
Modern Criminal Liability as a Matrix of Minimalism . 29
1.3.3. The Case of Nonhuman Corporations (Round 1) . 34
2
ai crimi Nal liaBility for iNte Ntio Nal offe Nses . 38
2.1. The Factual Element Requirement . 38
2.1.1. Conduct . 39
ix