When Movements Become Parties: The Bolivian MAS in Comparative Perspective

308 Pages·2018·4.736 MB·English

by  Santiago Anria

When Movements Become Parties
Why do some parties formed by social movements develop top-down
structures, while others stay more open and responsive to their social
bases?Thefirstrigorouscomparativestudyofmovement-basedparties,
this book shows not only how movements can form parties but also
how movements contribute to parties’ internal politics and shape
organizational party models over the long term. Although the existing
literature argues that movement-based parties will succumb to profes-
sionalizationandspecialization,Anriashowsthatthisisnotinevitable
or preordained through an in-depth examination of the unusual and
counterintuitivedevelopmentofBolivia’sMovementTowardSocialism
(MAS). Anria then compares the evolution of the MAS with that of
otherparties formed bysocial movements, includingBrazil’sWorkers’
Party(PT)andUruguay’sBroadFront(FA).Inaregionwheresuccess-
ful new parties of any type have been rare in the past three decades,
these three parties are remarkable for their success. Yet, despite their
similar origins, they differ sharply in their organizational models and
relationshipswiththeirsocialbases.
santiago anria is Assistant Professor of Political Science and Latin
American Studies at Dickinson College. His research focuses on social
movements,politicalparties,anddemocracyinLatinAmericaandhas
appearedinjournalsincludingComparativePolitics,ComparativePol-
itical Studies, the Journal of Democracy, and Latin American Politics
andSociety.HereceivedhisPhDinPoliticalSciencefromtheUniversity
ofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill.
Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics
GeneralEditors
KathleenThelenMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology
ErikWibbelsDukeUniversity
AssociateEditors
CatherineBooneLondonSchoolofEconomics
ThadDunningUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley
AnnaGrzymala-BusseStanfordUniversity
TorbenIversenHarvardUniversity
StathisKalyvasYaleUniversity
MargaretLeviStanfordUniversity
HelenMilnerPrincetonUniversity
FrancesRosenbluthYaleUniversity
SusanStokesYaleUniversity
TariqThachilVanderbiltUniversity
SeriesFounder
PeterLangeDukeUniversity
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MichaelAlbertus,AutocracyandRedistribution:ThePoliticsofLandReform
BenW.Ansell,FromtheBallottotheBlackboard:TheRedistributivePolitical
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BenW.Ansell,DavidJ.Samuels,InequalityandDemocratization:AnElite-
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LeonardoR.Arriola,Multi-EthnicCoalitionsinAfrica:BusinessFinancingof
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DavidAusten-Smith,JeffryA.Frieden,MiriamA.Golden,KarlOveMoene,and
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EconomyofInequality,Unions,andSocialDemocracy
AndyBaker,TheMarketandtheMassesinLatinAmerica:PolicyReformand
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Continuedaftertheindex
When Movements Become Parties
The Bolivian MAS in Comparative Perspective
SANTIAGO ANRIA
DickinsonCollege
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www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108427579
doi:10.1017/9781108551755
©SantiagoAnria2019
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2019
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabySheridanBooks,Inc.
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
names:Anria,Santiago,1982–author.
title:Whenmovementsbecomeparties:theBolivianMASincomparativeperspective/
SantiagoAnria.
description:Cambridge,UnitedKingdom;NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,2018.|
Series:Cambridgestudiesincomparativepolitics|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
identifiers:lccn2018023529|isbn9781108427579(hardback)
subjects:lcsh:MovimientoalSocialismo(Bolivia)|Socialmovements–Politicalaspects–Bolivia.
|MoralesAyma,Evo,1959-|Bolivia–Politicsandgovernment–1982-2006.|Bolivia–Politics
andgovernment–2006-|BISAC:POLITICALSCIENCE/Government/General.
classification:lccjl2298.m28a672018|ddc324.284/074–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018023529
isbn978-1-108-42757-9Hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracy
ofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication
anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,
accurateorappropriate.
To Anne and Carmelo

Contents
Listof Figures page ix
Listof Maps xi
Listof Tables xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Acronyms and Abbreviations xxi
Introduction 1
1 Theoretical Frameworkand Methods 30
2 Origins and Ascendance to Power 61
3 CandidateSelection Patterns 98
4 NationalPolicy-Making Patterns 130
5 The MAS inComparativePerspective 162
Conclusions 207
Appendix1: List of Cited Interviews 231
Appendix2: MunicipalElection Maps, MAS Vote Share 237
References 241
Index 265
vii