What’s Where On Earth Atlas The World As You’ve Never Seen It Before! By DK

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WHAT’S WHERE ON EARTH

' —

THE, WORLD AS) YOU’VE; NEVER SEEN Ij BEFORE!

(Bk) WHAT’S WHERE ON EARTH

ATLAS
VP} | Penguin
(OR) |e
Snuse

OK London

Senior editor Chis Hurkes
Senior art editor Rusluel Grady

Editors Tuin South, ima Pines, Aine Liresick
Designers David Bal, Cissy Burrard, Mik Ga.es,
Syerises Ho.urve, Kil Lane

Mustraters Adan Sevton, S.uui{ Jacher=Cur Wr, Jonljucurl ts

Cartography Sino Nun'ard, Eneermpass Crave
Jacket editor Cla Cul
Jacket designer Mark Covaayl
Jacket design development manager Surtia NTT
Picture research Juyo\i Sued

Producer, pre-production Nadine King, Ro3 Dan
Senior preducer Gary Butchelur

Managing editor Trarsatu Baines
Managing art editor Piiip Lelsu
Publisher Andres Macintyre
Publishing director Jonathan Metcalf
Associate publishing director Lic Whee.
‘Artdirecter Koren Sell

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Coupright & 2017 Dering Kinds-sacy Lined
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CONTENTS

ar
Early Earth

Introduction 6
500-380 million years ago 8
300-220 million years ago 10
180-80 million years ago 12
40 million years ago—

Present day 4

North America

Countries and borders 18

Landscape 20
Fascinating facts, 22
Population 24
The Grand Canyon 26
Famous landmarks 28
Climate 30
Wildlife 32
By night 34

South America

Countries and borders 38
Landscape 40
Fascinating facts 42
Population
Amazon Basin
Famous landmarks
Climate

Wildlife

By night

Africa

Countries and borders:
Landscape
Fascinating facts
Population

The Great Rift Valley
Famous landmarks
Climate

Wildlife

By night

Europe
Countries and borders
Landscape
Fascinating facts
Population:

The Alps

Famous landmarks
Climate

Wildlife

By night

44
46
4g
50
52
54

58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74

B
80
82
4
88
8B
90
92
94

Asia

Countries and borders 98
Landscape 100
Fascinating facts 102
Population 104
The Himalayas 106
Famous landmarks: 108
Climate 110
‘Wildlife 112
By night 114

Australia and

Ocean

Countries and borders 18
Landscape 120
Fascinating facts 122,
Population 124
New Zealand 126
Famous landmarks 128
Climate 130
Wildlife 132,

,

; / J Kangaroo.

Polar regions

Antarctica 136
The Arctic 138
_ =

ee!

The oceans

Pacific Ocean: 142
Aulantic Ocean 144
Indian Ocean 146

Reference

Countries of the world 150
Glossary 156
Index 158
Acknowledgements 160

Early Earth [0.0

Earth’s formation started shortly after

the birth of the Sun, 4.6 billion years ago.
Alar exploding in nearby space caused a
vast amount of interstellar dust to collapse
in on itself. This formed our Sun, and over
lime the rest of the surrounding debris
clumped together into planets. As these
grew larger, their steadily increasing
gravity pulled them into spheres. One of
these was our planet, Earth, a rocky ball
with a molten metal core, and a thin shell,
called a crust, al ils surface,

The layered interior structure of Earth
emerged early in its evolution. Heat from |
Earth's mollen core forced the crust,
which is made up of large slabs of rock
called tectonic plates, to move constantly.
As these plates shunted around and
crashed into each other, they caused
earthquakes and fiery volcanoes, formed
mountain ranges and entire continents,
and helped create the conditions in
‘which life could emerge.

Clouds
Clouds of

eater

oad

| First oceans _/
Liguie water in wh eh the
first life ‘ormec, wou d have
become permanent acezrs al
| "come time between £4.and

TWisilusraten sons te sequenee of Earths formation -fomaral fapmerts 4.2 billion years ago.
3.5 billion years ago

Early Earth was quite differert from the werld we know
leday. Be are the ozone layer developed in the
atmosphere, exposed lane was unprotected from

the Sin’s burning radialian, ard remained lifeless

for billions of years. However, conditions for life may
hava exisied in the deep aesans and the shallow seas,

Lava flows
Bs actarnie impacts triggered vaca
ety Iain eau ill erator

Isolated oceans.
{Coauing seas, cu: oll Irom the
‘lance going on elsewhere on
the plaret, may have proviced ne
ceandit ans fram wich the rst
Iie forme waa.d emerge,

Volcanic activity
yout minerals tat,

helped proces tae ingr
needee te create life

Late Heavy Bombardment
Starting eround 4.1 billica years age and
lasting lor 200 willion years, a huge nuvnbe
of astercids crashed in-o the Solar System's
inner plants, including Earih, Tris pericd is
known as the Late Heavy Bombardment,
500 million years ago | Inthevater in 420 million years ago

By this stage of Earth's history two | Mot Ue forms developec in Cont nents continuae to shift
Major coninents Fed formed, The | 82". shal.ae cing Ayaania [now split acrose

largest, Gonorana, was mainly Batcioins swormveth ibs presen-day soulhern Drilan
‘Popicai, Laurent inaw Norty aes ue and Canadal moved north te

‘Americal had also drittad from she
polar regions to the trog ce and
sal on the Cquilor. Temperalures:
‘were mild across the glabe,

but coating,

callide with Laurentia, Siberia
headed north and Gondwana
south, liking most ol present-day
Australia ard Antarctica inta the
southern hemisphere. Sea

levels started to rise,

Meverse ve

Lifeless tand
an cox

Early algae
‘There was no land
vegetation. Kut many

the one aclow,
ne first know nyoer=

‘ior 18 times high tyes of algae iplant breathing anirrals on sane,
than today, ane ne like agaaisirs trat
anma.s coule insne see ha

sowie oa lane, and avers: