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What Causes War? What Causes War? An Introduction to Theories of International Conflict Second Edition Greg Cashman ROWMAN&LITTLEFIELD Lanham•Boulder •NewYork•Toronto•Plymouth,UK PublishedbyRowman&Littlefield 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 www.rowman.com 10ThornburyRoad,PlymouthPL67PP,UnitedKingdom Copyright©2014byRowman&Littlefield Previouseditioncopyright©2004byLexingtonBooks Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyanyelectronicormechanical means,includinginformationstorageandretrievalsystems,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher, exceptbyareviewerwhomayquotepassagesinareview. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Cashman,Greg. Whatcauseswar?:anintroductiontotheoriesofinternationalconflict/GregCashman.—SecondEdition. pagescm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-7425-6650-7(cloth:alk.paper)—ISBN978-0-7425-6651-4(pbk.:alk.paper)—ISBN978-0-7425-6652-1 (electronic)1.War—Causes.I.Title. U21.2.C372013 355.02'7—dc23 2013008136 TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmericanNationalStandard forInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica TomystudentsandcolleaguesatSalisburyUniversity overamostenjoyableacademiclifetime. Contents PrefaceandAcknowledgments xi 1 EmpiricalTheoryandtheCausesofWar 1 EmpiricalTheory 1 LevelsofAnalysis 11 2 TheIndividualLevelofAnalysis,PartI:HumanAggression 13 WhyAreHumanBeingsAggressive?TheNature-NurtureDispute 14 Nature:EarlyEthology 15 Nature:Second-WaveStudiesinEthologyandPrimatology 20 Nurture:TheBasics 30 Nurture:CulturalEvolution 31 Nurture:PeacefulSocieties 34 Nurture:SocialLearningTheory 43 Nurture:ThreeExperimentsinLearningPeaceandWar 45 Conclusion 47 3 TheIndividualLevelofAnalysis,PartII:PsychologicalExplanationsforWar 49 DoIndividualsMakeaDifference? 50 TheRoleofReason:TheRationalModel 51 TheRoleofPersonality:PsychologicalTheories 52 TheRoleofEmotion:TheCognitiveRevolution 62 TheRoleofBias:HeuristicTheories 66 TheRoleofRiskBias:ProspectTheory 76 TheRoleofImagesandBeliefs 84 TheRoleofDecision-StagePsychology:TheRubiconTheory 97 TheRoleofMisperception 98 TheRoleofStress 108 Conclusion 112 4 TheSubstateLevelofAnalysis:GroupDecisionMaking 115 TheRoleofRationalityinSmallGroups:TheRationalActorModel 115 vii viii Contents TheRoleofRationality:ExpectedUtilityTheory 116 WhyGovernmentsDon’tUsetheRationalActorModel 119 TheRoleofRationality:BoundedRationalityTheory 121 TheRoleofStructure:TheOrganizationalProcessModel 128 TheRoleofStructure:TheBureaucraticPoliticsModel 132 TheRoleofGroupPsychology:Groupthink 152 GroupConcurrenceBeyondGroupthink 156 PrescriptionsforBetterSmall-GroupDecisionMaking 166 Conclusion 168 5 TheStateLevelofAnalysis,PartI:Political,Economic,andDemographicFactors 169 Liberalism:SomeBasics 170 TheRoleofRegimeType(1):DemocracyandtheMonadicPeace 172 TheRoleofRegimeType(2):Democratization 180 TheRoleofRegimeType(3):RogueStates 185 TheRoleoftheBusinessCycle:GoodTimesandBadTimes 190 DoesSizeMatter?TheRoleofPower,Size,andDevelopment 192 TheRoleofPopulation(1):Lebensraum 194 TheRoleofPopulation(2):LateralPressure 196 Conclusion 198 6 TheStateLevelofAnalysis,PartII:InternalConflicts,Nationalism,andWar Weariness 199 TheRoleofInternalConflict(1):TheDiversionary/ScapegoatTheoryofWar 200 TheRoleofInternalConflict(2):ContestedInstitutions 210 TheRoleofInternalConflict(3):“Kick’EmWhileThey’reDown”Wars 213 TheRoleofInternalConflict(4):Revolution 215 TheRoleofInternalConflict(5):OutsideInterventioninInternalConflicts 218 TheRoleofInternalConflict:SummingUpandImplications 220 TheRoleofNationalism 221 TheRoleofWarWeariness 231 Conclusion 236 7 TheDyadicLevelofAnalysis,PartI:TheNatureofDyads—ReallyBadDyads andPrettyGoodDyads 237 TheRoleofContiguityandTerritorialDisputes 238 TheRoleofSharedEthnicity 251 TheRoleofRivalry 252 TheRoleofRegimeTypesinDyads 257 TheRoleofDyadicPowerBalances 275 Conclusion 277 8 TheDyadicLevelofAnalysis,PartII:InternationalInteractions 279 TheRoleofActionandReactioninDyads(I):TheSpiralModel 280 TheRoleofConciliatoryResponsesintheSpiralModel:LiberalandConservative Views 283

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Author:	Greg Cashman
Publication Year:	2013
ISBN:	9780742566507
Pages:	621
Language:	English
File Size:	5.291
Format:	PDF
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