Table Of ContentWell-Connected Domains
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The Ottoman Empire
and its Heritage
Politics, Society and Economy
Edited by
Suraiya Faroqhi (Istanbul Bilgi University)
Halil İnalcık (University of Vermont)
Boğaç Ergene (University of Vermont)
Advisory Board
Fikret Adanir – Antonis Anastasopoulos – Idris Bostan
Palmira Brummett – Amnon Cohen – Jane Hathaway
Klaus Kreiser – Hans Georg Majer – Ahmet Yaşar Ocak
Abdeljelil Temimi – Gilles Veinstein†
VOLUME 57
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/oeh
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Well-Connected Domains
Towards an Entangled Ottoman History
Edited By
Pascal W. Firges
Tobias P. Graf
Christian Roth
Gülay Tulasoğlu
LEIDEN | BOSTON
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Cover image: Montage by Mason Yin based on “Compagnie internationale du chemin de fer du Bosphore
— Le pont Abdoul Hamid,” sketch drawing, Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi, Istanbul, YA.HUS, 411/174.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Well-connected domains : towards an entangled Ottoman history / edited By Pascal W. Firges,
Tobias P. Graf, Christian Roth, Gülay Tulasoglu.
pages cm. -- (The Ottoman Empire and its heritage)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-90-04-26670-4 (hardback : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-27468-6 (e-book) 1. Turkey--History.
2. Turkey--Relations. 3. Turkey--Foreign economic relations. I. Firges, Pascal W. II. Graf, Tobias P. III. Roth,
Christian. IV. Tulasoglu, Gülay.
DR440.W45 2014
956’.015--dc23
2014011461
This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering
Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities.
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issn 1380-6076
isbn 978-90-04-26670-4 (hardback)
isbn 978-90-04-27468-6 (e-book)
Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Global Oriental and Hotei Publishing.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system,
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Fees are subject to change.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
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To those who have taught and inspired us
∵
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Contents
Acknowledgements ix
Notes on Conventions xi
List of Maps and Figures xiii
List of Abbreviations xiv
Notes on Contributors xvi
1 Introduction 1
Pascal W. Firges and Tobias P. Graf
Part 1
Trade, Warfare, and Diplomacy in the Eastern Mediterranean
Introduction to Part 1 12
2 Trading between East and West: The Ottoman Empire of the Early
Modern Period 15
Suraiya N. Faroqhi
3 Shifting Winds: Piracy, Diplomacy, and Trade in the Ottoman
Mediterranean, 1624–1626 37
Joshua M. White
4 Ottoman Seas and British Privateers: Defining Maritime Territoriality in
the Eighteenth-Century Levant 54
Michael Talbot
5 French Capitulations and Consular Jurisdiction in Egypt and Aleppo in
the Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries 71
Viorel Panaite
Part 2
Constructing and Managing Identity
Introduction to Part 2 90
6 Fİrāsetle Naẓar Edesİn: Recreating the Gaze of the Ottoman Slave Owner
at the Confluence of Textual Genres 93
Nur Sobers-Khan
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viii contents
7 Turks Reconsidered: Jakab Harsányi Nagy’s Changing Image of the
Ottoman 110
Gábor Kármán
8 Of Half-Lives and Double-Lives: “Renegades” in the Ottoman Empire and
Their Pre-Conversion Ties, ca. 1580–1610 131
Tobias P. Graf
9 Aspects of Juridical Integration of Non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire:
Observations in the Eighteenth-Century Urban and Rural Aegean 150
Christian Roth
Part 3
Responding to an Age of Challenge
Introduction to Part 3 166
10 Gunners for the Sultan: French Revolutionary Efforts to Modernize the
Ottoman Military 171
Pascal W. Firges
11 “Humble Efforts in Search of Reform”: Consuls, Pashas, and Quarantine
in Early-Tanzimat Salonica 188
Gülay Tulasoğlu
12 Transforming a Late-Ottoman Port-City: Salonica, 1876–1912 207
Sotirios Dimitriadis
13 A Civic Initiative for the Founding of a Museum in the Ottoman
Province around 1850 222
Maximilian Hartmuth
14 The Transcultural Dimension of the Ottoman Constitution 235
Aylin Koçunyan
Bibliography 259
Printed Primary Sources 259
Published Secondary Sources 263
Unpublished Secondary Sources 287
Index 289
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Acknowledgements
The present volume is one of the fruits of a research project on processes of
exchange, interaction, and entanglement between the Ottoman Empire and its
neighbors in the west entitled “Dynamic Asymmetries in Transcultural Flows
at the Intersection of Asia and Europe: The Case of the Early Modern Ottoman
Empire” which ran from March 2009 until October 2012 under the umbrella of
Heidelberg University’s Cluster of Excellence “Asia and Europe in a Global
Context.” The editors are grateful to the Cluster for its extensive and unfailingly
generous support—institutional, financial, and ideal—without which neither
this volume, nor any of the many workshops and conferences which ultimately
resulted in it, would have been possible.
We are immensely thankful to the project’s coordinators Thomas Maissen
and Michael Ursinus for recognizing the potential of the initial idea and help-
ing it to its fruition. It was at the instigation and with the support of Thomas
Maissen that we submitted a project proposal to the Cluster of Excellence.
Both coordinators allowed us to organize our project with a maximum of
autonomy—which we acknowledge as a special privilege, since it was certainly
not intended by those who conceived German research structures, to give so
much freedom to a “research collective” of four PhD candidates. The great
responsibility and creative leeway bestowed upon us certainly encouraged us
to aim high. We hope that the results do justice to the faith put in us.
We also have to acknowledge our enormous intellectual debt to numerous
scholars who have shared their research with us and provided much valuable
insight at the abovementioned conferences and workshops. In addition to
those who have contributed chapters to this book, we would particularly,
though in no particular order, like to thank Hülya Canbakal, Linda Darling,
Lejla Demiri, Hakan Erdem, Kate Fleet, Antje Flüchter, Eyal Ginio, Molly
Greene, Markus Koller, Felix Konrad, Metin Kunt, Sebastian Meurer, Raoul
Motika, Barend Noordam, William O’Reilly, Gauri Parasher, Christine Philliou,
Maurus Reinkowski, Susan Richter, Nicolas Schillinger, Akşin Somel, and Peter
Trummer, as well as those who have enriched these gatherings with papers
which, mainly for reasons of space and thematic compactness, could not be
included in this book.
The expression “well-connected domains,” as a play on words on the
Ottoman Empire’s self-designation as the “well-protected domains,” was origi-
nally coined by Aykut Mustak in the search of a suitable title for a graduate
workshop in Istanbul jointly organized by the History Program at Sabancı
University and our project in December 2009. For us, what began life as a jest,
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x Acknowledgements
quickly proved a catchy summary of the very phenomenon which our project
had set out to investigate.
In our endeavors, we have had the privilege of the patient and effective
support of our student research assistants Lina Weber, Alev Kaynak, Abir
al-Laham, Ayşegül Argıt, Patrick Winckelhorst, and Teresa Roelcke, many of
whom have now moved on to produce first-rate research of their own. It has
truly been a pleasure to work with our “junior research Ottomans”! We also
thank our copy-editor Paul Fletcher whose keen eye and helpful remarks have
improved the manuscript. Needless to say, all mistakes are our own. Helpful
observations were also kindly provided by the anonymous reviewers. We would
furthermore like to express our gratitude to the series editors, as well as Franca
de Kort, Thalien Colenbrander, and Maurits van den Boogert at Brill.
Finally, we want to thank our spouses, partners, and families for their love
and encouragement.
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