Webster's Belarusan - English Thesaurus Dictionary

736 Pages·2008·6.821 MB·English

by  Philip M. Parker

Webster’s

Belarusan – English
Thesaurus Dictionary

Edited by
Professor Philip M. Parker, Ph.D.
Chaired Professor of Management Science
INSEAD (Singapore and Fontainebleau, France)
Webster’s

Belarusan
–
English

Thesaurus Dictionary
ii

PROCEEDS BENEFIT

Webster’s Online Dictionary
(www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

EDITED BY

Philip M. Parker, Ph.D.
INSEAD (Fontainebleau & Singapore)
Published by ICON Group International, Inc.
7404 Trade St
San Diego, CA 92122 USA
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
[email protected]

www.icongrouponline.com

This edition published by ICON Classics in 2008
Printed in the United States of America.

Webster’s Belarusan – English Thesaurus Dictionary

Copyright ©2008 by ICON Group International, Inc.

Copyright ©2008 by Philip M. Parker, INSEAD.

All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a
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Copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can
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the Editor nor ICON Group International assume any responsibility for uses of this dictionary, and do not
warrant that the definitions or translations are accurate.

Net proceeds are used to improve Webster’s Online Dictionary, and the contents of this dictionary
have been extracted with permission from Websters’s Online Dictionary, www.websters-online-
dictionary.org (Copyright Philip M. Parker, INSEAD).

ISBN 0-497-83436-7
Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)

iii

P
REFACE

This is an English thesaurus designed for Belarusan speakers who wish to better
understand the ambiguities and richness of the English language. The first
chapter is a full English thesaurus organized by 7502 Belarusan subject words.
For each Belarusan subject word, one or more corresponding English subject
words (translations) are provided. Synonyms are then given for the English
translations for all relevant parts of speech (even in cases where the Belarusan
subject word has a unique part of speech). This process results in over 17366
English synonyms.

The second chapter gives an index of these English synonyms back to the
Belarusan subject words (a potentially useful chapter to English speakers
interested in basic Belarusan vocabulary). The third chapter has short vocabulary
lists organized by parts-of-speech. English teachers or students can use these
bilingual lists to create flash cards, basic lesson plans, and English as a Second
Language (ESL) study lists.

While creating an English thesaurus for Belarusan speakers seems simple
enough, it can be tricky. What’s the problem? Translations do not always follow
strict transitivity. Normally, if a=b and b=c, then c=a. This is not necessarily true
in linguistics when b is an English word that has more than one part of speech.
For example, “test” is a verb, noun and adjective. What is the correct English
synonym for “a” (in Belarusan) when “b” (in English) has synonyms (“c”) having
many parts of speech? Furthermore, what if “a” (in Belarusan) is ambiguous and
has several translations into English (“b”)? This thesaurus embraces this
ambiguity by giving as much information to the reader as possible. This was
accomplished in two phases. In the first phase, maximum-likelihood English
translations of the Belarusan subject words are given. For all the languages
covered in Webster’s Online Dictionary translations are determined using rather
massive content analyses of translations from various sources including
translations of United Nations documents, translations of the Holy Bible (and
similar sources), training manuals, popular works, and academic sources. An
English translation having the highest probability of being used is reported first,
then the second most probable is reported second, and so on.
Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)
iv

In the second phase, English synonyms for all parts of speech, including those
not related to the original Belarusan subject, are given for each English
translation generated by the first phase. If an English entry is most used as a
certain part of speech (estimated based on an English language corpus), then
English synonyms for that part of speech are listed first. This indicates to the
speaker of Belarusan how the English subject word is most used. Other parts of
speech are listed based on their frequency of usage in English. Within each part
of speech, synonyms most likely to be used in English are listed first. Readers
who seek further information on any of the words in this book, including
translations to other world languages, can freely refer to Webster’s Online
Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org).

The goal of Webster’s Online Dictionary is to give all people of the world free
access to a complete mapping of all known words to and from all written
languages. In fulfillment of this goal, Webster’s Online Dictionary
(www.websters-online-dictionary.org) also offers as much information as
possible for each word, including definitions, translations, images, trade name
usage, quotations, and encyclopedic knowledge. The proceeds generated by the
sale of this Belarusan–English thesaurus dictionary as well as other books
extracted from the project will be used to augment the contents of the Webster’s
Online Dictionary.

This book may be the first Belarusan-English thesaurus ever published. All the
errors and omissions are mine. I will certainly revise and improve this book at
some later date, so if you wish to see better editions published in the future,
please send any suggestions, corrections, or translations to
[email protected]. Thank you for purchasing this book and
supporting Webster’s Online Dictionary.

Philip M. Parker, Ph.D., editor
Chair Professor of Management Science
INSEAD (Singapore & Fontainebleau, France)
Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)
v

C
ONTENTS

BELARUSAN TO ENGLISH THESAURUS.......................................................1
A...................................................................................................................................1
I....................................................................................................................................1
А...................................................................................................................................1
Б.................................................................................................................................39
В.................................................................................................................................66
Г................................................................................................................................105
Д...............................................................................................................................132
Е...............................................................................................................................162
Ё...............................................................................................................................163
Ж..............................................................................................................................163
З...............................................................................................................................170
К...............................................................................................................................227
Л...............................................................................................................................255
М..............................................................................................................................268
Н..............................................................................................................................288
О...............................................................................................................................320
П..............................................................................................................................320
Р...............................................................................................................................408
С...............................................................................................................................428
Т...............................................................................................................................482
У...............................................................................................................................493
Ў...............................................................................................................................515
Ф..............................................................................................................................516
Х...............................................................................................................................519
Ц..............................................................................................................................529
Ч...............................................................................................................................536
Ш.............................................................................................................................543
Э...............................................................................................................................556
Ю.............................................................................................................................556
Я...............................................................................................................................556
INDEX OF ENGLISH SUBJECTS TO BELARUSAN SUBJECTS.......................561
Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)
vi Contents

A...............................................................................................................................561
B...............................................................................................................................568
C...............................................................................................................................573
D...............................................................................................................................583
E...............................................................................................................................590
F...............................................................................................................................594
G...............................................................................................................................599
H..............................................................................................................................602
I................................................................................................................................606
J................................................................................................................................610
K...............................................................................................................................611
L...............................................................................................................................612
M..............................................................................................................................615
N..............................................................................................................................620
O...............................................................................................................................622
P...............................................................................................................................625
Q...............................................................................................................................634
R...............................................................................................................................635
S................................................................................................................................641
T...............................................................................................................................653
U...............................................................................................................................661
V...............................................................................................................................663
W..............................................................................................................................665
X...............................................................................................................................668
Y...............................................................................................................................668
Z...............................................................................................................................668
VOCABULARY STUDY LISTS....................................................................669
Verbs (Belarusan - English)..................................................................................669
Verbs (English - Belarusan)..................................................................................674
Nouns (Belarusan - English).................................................................................678
Nouns (English - Belarusan)................................................................................696
Adverbs (Belarusan - English).............................................................................713
Adverbs (English - Belarusan).............................................................................713
Adjectives (Belarusan - English)..........................................................................714
Adjectives (English - Belarusan)..........................................................................720

Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)
1

exposure, onus, susceptibility, accountableness,
Belarusan to English answerability; antonym (n) asset, 7. office;
synonyms (n) agency, position, appointment,
division, authority, berth, bureau, place,
Thesaurus
engagement, location, establishment, department,
mission, role, service, 8. obligation; synonyms (n)
bond, burden, necessity, need, requirement,
covenant, compulsion, contract, pressure, promise,
law, guarantee, task, constraint, agreement;
A antonym (n) option.
АБАВЯЗАЦЕЛЬСТВА 1. undertaking;
aroł eagle; synonyms (n) colors, labarum, oriflamb, synonyms (n) enterprise, labor, promise, task,
oriflamme, aviator, flag, pilot, streamer, (adj) attempt, business, project, venture, adventure,
antelope, chickaree, chipmunk, courser, doe, endeavor, job, effort, duty, guarantee, pledge, 2.
gazelle, greyhound. commitment; synonyms (n) dedication, charge,
allegiance, appointment, committal, devotion,
loyalty, tie, commission, confinement,
consignment, contract, debt, engagement,
faithfulness, 3. debt; synonyms (n) debit, score,
I due, liability, obligation, bill, commitment,
indebtment, amount, cost, damage, deduction,
iндый indium; synonyms (n) in, inch. dette, dueness, dues, 4. engagement; synonyms
(n) combat, battle, conflict, contest, fight, betrothal,
date, employment, encounter, employ, agreement,
clash, meeting, mesh, (v) action, 5. liability;
synonyms (n) trust, blame, disadvantage, arrears,
А
fault, accountability, encumbrance, indebtedness,
responsibility, load, exposure, onus, susceptibility,
А about; synonyms (prep) encircling, for, accountableness, answerability; antonym (n) asset,
encompassing, circa, concerning, (adv) around,
approximately, almost, nearly, most, roughly, in, 6. promise; synonyms (n) assurance, bargain,
engage, hope, plight, word, declaration,
nearby, (adj) some, near; antonyms (prep) exactly,
expectation, oath, (v) covenant, vow, augur, assure,
precisely.
undertake, swear, 7. obligation; synonyms (n)
АБ about; synonyms (prep) encircling, for, bond, burden, necessity, need, requirement,
encompassing, circa, concerning, (adv) around, compulsion, pressure, law, constraint, must, office,
approximately, almost, nearly, most, roughly, in,
force, insurance; antonym (n) option, 8. pledge;
nearby, (adj) some, near; antonyms (prep) exactly, synonyms (n) gage, bet, bail, security, collateral,
precisely. hostage, troth, (v) pawn, wager, warrant, ensure,
АБАВЯЗАК 1. debt; synonyms (n) debit, score, due, drink, hock, stake, toast, 9. plight; synonyms (n)
liability, obligation, bill, commitment, indebtment, condition, predicament, fix, quandary, dilemma,
charge, amount, cost, damage, deduction, dette, case, scrape, state, category, corner, lot, mess,
dueness, 2. credit; synonyms (n) credence, estate, (v) affiance, betroth.
appreciation, belief, commendation, recognition, АБАВЯЗКОВА 1. surely; synonyms (adv) definitely,
reputation, advance, account, acknowledgment,
absolutely, positively, sure, undoubtedly,
confidence, (v) believe, accredit, ascribe, assign, confidently, clearly, firmly, indeed, securely, truly,
attribute; antonyms (n) cash, (v) discredit, 3. unquestionably, (int) certainly, (adj) really,
business; synonyms (n) employment, matter, doubtless; antonym (adv) doubtfully, 2.
subject, affair, calling, concern, corporation, deal, necessarily; synonyms (adv) inevitably, needs,
event, job, occupation, profession, trade, vocation,
consequentially, inescapably, indispensably,
work; antonyms (adj) charitable, housing, 4. duty; needfully, essentially, automatically, basically,
synonyms (n) business, function, assignment, chore, crucially, deeply, ineluctably, manifestly, needily,
dues, must, office, part, responsibility, tax, post, needly; antonym (adv) unnecessarily.
custom, assessment, commission, debt, 5. score; АБАВЯЗКОВЫ obligatory; synonyms (adj)
synonyms (n) mark, count, scratch, line, groove, necessary, compulsory, imperative, binding,
scotch, check, (v) notch, cut, tally, achieve, dash, inevitable, essential, forced, mandatory, required,
gain, get, grade, 6. liability; synonyms (n) duty, incumbent, crucial, prerequisite, requisite,
trust, blame, disadvantage, arrears, fault, unavoidable, vital; antonyms (adj) optional,
accountability, encumbrance, indebtedness, load, voluntary.
Reference: Webster's Online Dictionary (www.websters-online-dictionary.org)