Web-Based Teaching and Learning across Culture and Age

175 Pages·2013·2.14 MB·English

by  Fengfeng Ke

Fengfeng Ke · Alicia Fedelina Chávez
Web-Based
Teaching
and Learning
across Culture
and Age
Web-Based Teaching and Learning across
Culture and Age

Fengfeng Ke (cid:129) Alicia Fedelina Chávez

Web-Based Teaching
and Learning across
Culture and Age
Fengfeng Ke Alicia Fedelina Chávez
Educational Psychology Teacher Education, Educational
and Learning Systems Leadership & Policy
Florida State University University of New Mexico
Tallahassee , FL , USA Albuquerque , NM , USA
ISBN 978-1-4614-0862-8 ISBN 978-1-4614-0863-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-0863-5
Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2013935497
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
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Preface
The fi ndings and discussions in this work are based on a 2-year research project funded
by Spencer Foundation research grant # 200800124. The authors would like to thank
all participating online instructors and students for their support and valuable input.
The authors would also like to thank Felisha Herrera, Michelle Jewett, Penny L.
Causarano, Dean Kwak, Tatiana Abras, Rebeca Gibrail, and all of the people who have
assisted our work.
Tallahassee, FL, USA Fengfeng Ke
Albuquerque, NM, USA Alicia Fedelina Chávez
v

Contents
Part I Diversity in Online Learning Contexts
1 Introduction and Background ................................................................ 3
Culture and Age Diversity in Designing Inclusive
Learning Environments .............................................................................. 4
Defi nitions of Culture ............................................................................ 4
Ethnicity- and Age-Related Cultural Diversities ................................... 5
Theoretical Perspectives on the Effect of Cultural and Age
Differences on Cognition, Communication, and Behavior ........................ 6
Cultural Effect ........................................................................................ 6
Effect of Age .......................................................................................... 7
Theoretical Perspectives on Cultural and Age Differences
in Technology-Mediated Operations ..................................................... 8
Web-Based Education Across Culture and Age ......................................... 8
Research on Cultural Issues in Web-Based Education .......................... 10
Research on Age-Related Diversity in Online Education ...................... 11
Summary .................................................................................................... 13
An Outline of the Book .............................................................................. 13
References .................................................................................................. 14
2 Multicultural and Intergenerational Teaching
and Learning: Current Research ........................................................... 21
Constructs of Culture in Higher Education ................................................ 21
Cross-Cultural Online Education ............................................................... 23
Modes and Focus of Research ................................................................... 25
Research Methods .................................................................................. 25
Populations Studied ............................................................................... 26
Research Questions ................................................................................ 27
Major Findings ....................................................................................... 28
Nontraditional Student Success and Intergenerational
Online Education .......................................................................................... 29
vii
viii Contents
Nontraditional or Adult Student Population Studied ................................. 29
Research Questions ................................................................................ 30
Research Methods .................................................................................. 31
Major Findings ....................................................................................... 32
Appendix .................................................................................................... 33
References .................................................................................................. 49
3 A Two-Year Research Project on Web-Based Teaching
and Learning ............................................................................................ 55
Research Design ......................................................................................... 55
Sites and Participants ............................................................................. 56
Data Collection and Analysis ................................................................. 57
A Summary of Major Findings .................................................................. 62
References .................................................................................................. 63
Part II Study Findings
4 Diversity in Online Learning Interaction and Participation ............... 67
Student-Student Interactions ...................................................................... 68
Quantity and Quality of Online Discussions ......................................... 68
Diversity in Experience and Perception
of Student-Student Interaction .......................................................... 69
Technology-Mediated Peer Interaction for Diverse Learners ................ 72
The Presence and Role of Culture and Age
During Student- Student Interaction .................................................. 76
Student-Instructor Interaction .................................................................... 83
Age, Ethnicity, and Education on Level
of Student-Instructor Interaction ....................................................... 83
Technology-Mediated Presence of Instructor ........................................ 84
Match and Adaptation Between the Teaching and Learning Culture .... 86
Student-to-Content Interaction ................................................................... 87
Time or Frequency in Interacting with Learning Objects ...................... 87
Content Interaction Processes ................................................................ 88
Perceived Learning Satisfaction ................................................................ 91
References .................................................................................................. 91
5 Cultural Constructs in Teaching and Learning .................................... 93
Findings: Cultural Constructs of Teaching and Learning .......................... 96
Purpose of Learning ............................................................................... 97
Ways of Taking in and Processing Knowledge ...................................... 98
Interconnectedness of What Is Being Learned ...................................... 101
Responsibility for Learning ................................................................... 103
Time ....................................................................................................... 105
Role of the Teacher/Control ................................................................... 106
Student Interactions ............................................................................... 108
Sequencing ............................................................................................. 111
Contents ix
Discussion .................................................................................................. 112
Recommendations for Teaching ............................................................. 113
Implications for Future Research ........................................................... 113
References .................................................................................................. 113
6 Online Interaction and Instructional Context Design
and Learner Success ................................................................................ 115
Online Interaction Arrangements on Learning Participation
and Satisfaction .......................................................................................... 116
Effect of Interaction Arrangements on Online Learning
Participation and Satisfaction ................................................................ 116
Effect of Interaction Arrangements on Online
Discussion Performance ......................................................................... 118
Other Salient Features of Online Instructional Contexts ........................... 119
Match Between Instructional Context and Learning Preference ........... 119
Perceived Learning Environment Climate on Learning Satisfaction ........ 120
Association Among Motivated Learning Strategies,
Learning-Instruction Matching, and Learning Satisfaction ....................... 122
References .................................................................................................. 125
Part III Designing for Success in Online Learning Contexts
7 Inclusive Design of Online Teaching and Learning .............................. 129
Prior Online Instructional Design Propositions for Culture-
and Age-Related Diversity ......................................................................... 129
Discussion of Current Project Findings ..................................................... 131
Cultural and Intergenerational Diversity in Online Learning ................ 131
Cross-Cultural and Intergenerational Online Instruction ....................... 134
Inclusive Online Instructional Design ....................................................... 135
Fluid Instructional Design and Development ........................................ 135
Dual Responsibility: Acculturation and Accommodation ...................... 136
Balanced Arrangement of Interaction Modes ........................................ 137
Multiplicity and Flexibility in Online Instructional
Design and Practice ................................................................................ 137
References .................................................................................................. 139
8 Promoting Inclusive, Deep Learning
in Online Contexts.................................................................................... 143
Key Considerations in Developing Inclusive Online
Learning Cultures ....................................................................................... 143
The Instructor Is Not the Primary Focus of Student Attention .............. 144
An Active Caring Presence Is Key to Student Learning,
Satisfaction, and Success .................................................................. 144
A Variety of Learning Experiences to Match a Diversity
of Student Ways of Learning ............................................................. 144