Table Of ContentWearable Physical, Chemical and
Biological Sensors
Wearable Physical,
Chemical and Biological
Sensors
Fundamentals, Materials and Applications
Edited by
Eden Moráles-Narvaez
Biophotonic Nanosensors Laboratory, Centro de
Investigaciones en Óptica (Center for Research in Optics),
Leon, Mexico
Can Dincer
Disposable Microsystems Group, Department of
Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK and FIT Freiburg
Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired
Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Contributors
Aziz Amine Process Engineering and Environment Lab, Chemical Analysis &
Biosensors Group, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Hassan II University of
Casablanca, Mohammedia, Morocco
Pranjal Chandra Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nano bioengineering, School
of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar
Pradesh, India
Kyle Chen Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA,
USA
Jun Chen Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles,
CA, USA
Wendell K.T. Coltro Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia,
GO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Campinas, SP,
Brazil
Estefanía Costa-Rama Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Oviedo, Spain
Madeleine DeBrosse University of Cincinnati, Novel Devices Laboratory, Cincinnati,
USA
Can Dincer Disposable Microsystems Group, Department of Microsystems
Engineering - IMTEK and FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and
Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Divya Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nano bioengineering, School of
Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar
Pradesh, India
Amy Drexelius University of Cincinnati, Novel Devices Laboratory, Cincinnati, USA
María Teresa Fernández-Abedul Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry,
University of Oviedo, Spain
Mark Friedel University of Cincinnati, Novel Devices Laboratory, Cincinnati, USA
Wei Gao Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
Hamed Golmohammadi Nanosensor Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
Jason Heikenfeld University of Cincinnati, Novel Devices Laboratory, Cincinnati, USA
Mohammad Hosseinifard Nanosensor Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
xi
xii Contributors
Abdellatif Ait Lahcen Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials
Center (AMPMC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering
Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal,
Saudi Arabia; Process Engineering and Environment Lab, Chemical Analysis &
Biosensors Group, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Hassan II University of
Casablanca, Mohammedia, Morocco
Jie Liu Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in South China,
Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology,
Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
Md Shaad Mahmud Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New
Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
Arben Merkoçi Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra,
Barcelona, Spain; ICREA Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona,
Spain
Eden Morales-Narváez Biophotonic Nanosensors Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones
en Óptica (Center for Research in Optics), Leon, Mexico
Tina Naghdi Nanosensor Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
Ardo Nashalian Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
Emily P. Nguyen Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra,
Barcelona, Spain
Buddhadev Purohit DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs.
Lyngby, Denmark
Pedro V.V. Romanholo Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia,
GO, Brazil
Giulio Rosati Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra,
Barcelona, Spain
Juliane R. Sempionatto Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical
Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
Lívia F. Sgobbi Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO,
Brazil
Nagaraj P. Shetti School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University,
Vidyanagar, Hubballi, Karnataka, India
Cecilia de Carvalho Castro Silva Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB,
Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; MackGraphe – Graphene and Nanomaterials Research
Center, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
Habdias A. Silva-Neto Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia,
GO, Brazil
Contributors xiii
Trinny Tat Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA,
USA
Qiuyue Yang Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra,
Barcelona, Spain; Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Yuchan Yuan University of Cincinnati, Novel Devices Laboratory, Cincinnati, USA
Contents
Contributors xi
1. Introduction 1
Eden Morales-Narváez, Can Dincer
2. Materials for wearable sensors 5
Buddhadev Purohit, Divya, Nagaraj P. Shetti, Pranjal Chandra
2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Materials for wearable (bio)sensors 7
2.3 Functionalization of substrate materials 20
2.4 Wearables sensors for noninvasive healthcare monitoring 22
2.5 Conclusion and future perspectives 24
Declaration of conflict of interest 27
Acknowledgments 27
List of acronyms 27
References 28
3. Biorecognition elements 41
Abdellatif Ait Lahcen, Aziz Amine
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Biorecognition elements in wearable biosensors 43
3.3 Immobilization strategies for biorecognition elements 51
3.4 Applications of wearable biosensors for monitoring body fluids 53
3.5 Current challenges and prospects 57
Declaration of conflict of interest 59
List of acronyms 59
References 59
4. Signal detection techniques 71
Estefanía Costa-Rama, María Teresa Fernández-Abedul
4.1 Introduction 71
4.2 Signal transduction in wearable sensors 72
4.3 Optical detection 75
4.4 Electrical and electrochemical detection 91
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