Table Of ContentWeak and Electromagnetic
Interactions at
High Energies
Cargese 1975
PartB
NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTES SERIES
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Sn('i~1 Sripnces LeideJ1
Weak and Electromagnetic
Interactions at
High Energies
Cargese 1975
Part B
Edited by
Maurice Levy and lean-Louis Basdevant
Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and High nnergies
Universite Pierre et Marie Curie
Paris, France
David Speiser
Institute of Theoretical Physics
Universite Catholique de Louvain
Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
and
Raymond Gastmans
Institute of Theoretical Physics
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Leuven, Belgium
PLENUM PRESS. NEW YORK AND LONDON
Published in cooper<ltion with NATO Scientific Aff<lirs Division
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Cargese Summer Institute on Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions at High
Energies, 1975.
Weak and electromagnetic interactions at high energies.
(NA TO advanced study institutes series: Series B, Physics; v. 13)
"Organized by the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie ... the Katholieke Univer
siteit te Leuven ... and the Universite Catholique de Louvain."
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Weak interactions (Nuclear physics)-Congresses. 2. Electromagnetic inter
actions-Congresses. I. Levy, Maurice, 1922- II. Universite Picrre et Marie
Curie. Ill. Louvain. Universite catholique. IV. Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven.
V. Title. VI. Series.
QC794.8.W4C37 1975 539.7'54 76-3672
ISBN 978-1-4684-0864-5 ISBN 978-1-4684-0862-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-0862-1
Second half of the Proceedings of the Summer Institute held at Cargese, France,
June 30-July 25, 1975, sponsored in part by NATO
© 1976 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1976
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
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recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
Preface
The Cargese Summer Institute 1975 on Weak and EZeotromagnetio
Interaotions at High Energies was organized by the Universite
Pierre et Marie Curie (M. LEVY et J.L. BASDEVANT)~ the KathoZieke
Universiteit te Leuven (R. GASTMANS) and the Universite CathoZique
de Louvain (D. SPEISER~ J. WEYERS) who made in 1973 the first oon
taots with some on the advioe of NATO joined their
Zeoturers~ who~
efforts and worked in oommon. It was the 16th Summer Institute
heZd at Cargese and the 3rd one organized by the two departments
of TheoreticaZ Physios at Leuven and Louvain-Za-Neuve.
When the two groups decided (independentZy) on the subjeot of
the they oouZd not know how Zuoky their ohoioe eventuaZZy
sohooZ~
wouZd turn out to be : rareZy has it being possibZe to present an
audienoe with suoh a great number of new and deoisive disooveries
who are Zikely to stimuZate the imagination of theoreticians and
the researoh projeots of experimentaZists aZike. Suoh were the
decisive oonfirmation of the neutraZ the di-muon
ourrents~ events~
the sZowZy deoaying new partioZes~ eto. The organizers were grate
JUZ indeed that they oouZd find physioists from aZmost alZ great
oenters of high energy physios Who had themseZves participated in
these disooveries. AZthough the theorists oouZd not matoh during
the Zast two years the speotaouZar suooess of their experimentaZ
ooZZeagues~ there has been enough important program~ especiaZZy
in fieZd theory : renormaZization of gauge theories~ the mechanism
disoovered by R. BROUT et aZ.~ eto. AZZ Zeotures and seminar
taZks were reZated to the main topios.
It is a pZeasure to thank aZZ those who have made this summer
institute possibZe.
Thanks are due to the Soientifio Committee of NATO for a
generous grant and its President~ and espeoiaZZy to its soientifio
seoretary~ ~. T. KESTER~ for his oonstant heZp and enoouragement.
We aZso thank the C.N.R.S. (Franoe) and the N.S.F. (U.S.A)
for traveZ grants as weZZ as the RPedietbank (BeZgig) for a speciaZ
oontribution for feZZowships for members ooming from non Nato
oountries.
v
vi PREFACE
Special thanks due to the of Niae having
a~e unive~site fo~
put at disposal the facilities of the Institut at and
o~ Ca~gese
the et the K.U.L. and the
unive~site ~e~~e Ma~e C~e~ P~s~
U.C.L. putting facilities at disposal.
fo~ thei~ o~
We wish to thank M. F. HANSELER~ R. NARTUS~ N. RIBET and also
helps at Louvain-la-Neuve and especially
othe~ P~s~ Leuven~
aollabaration.
Ca~gese fo~ thei~
We thank Mr's. B. STEYAERT typing the and
fo~ manU8a~pt
Miss M. de Mr's. HAUT and and especially
CROMBRUGGHE~ URIAS~
C. LEROY help and and Plenum Press
fo~ thei~ ao~eating p~oofs
fo~ thei~ aollabo~ation.
Mostly we would like to thank all and
howeve~~ leat~e~s
who aame !pom 20 : the willingness of
pa~ticipants ove~ aount~es
the to all questions and the of the
fo~e~ answe~ inte~est latte~
p~ovided the stimulus who made (we hope) this institute a suaaess !
M. LEVY
J.L. BASDEVANT
D. SPEISER
R. GASTMANS
Contents
PHENOMENOLOGY OF WEAK INTERACTIONS : Mary K. GAILLARD 1
1. V-A theory from and S-decay to inelastic neutrino
~-
scattering. 2
1.1 S-decay 2
1.2 7
~-decay
1.3 Universality 8
1.4 High energy neutrino scattering 11
1.5 Low energy hadronic matrix elements 18
2. Cabibbo theory. current algebra and chiral symmetry. 23
2.1 The Cabibbo theory of currents 24
2.2 Current algebra and chiral symmetry 28
2.3 The Goldberger-Treiman and Adler-Weisberger relations 32
2.4 Soft pion theorems for leptonic K-decay. 36
3. Is the non-leptonic weak interaction a V-A current-current 37
coupling?
3.1 Strangeness conserving transitions: parity violation 39
in nuclear physics
3.2 Strange particle decay 42
3.3 SU(3) transformation properties 44
3.4 Soft pion theorems and the III = 112 rule 47
4. Neutral currents - direct and induced 54
4.1 Induced neutral currents 55
4.2 Direct neutral current couplings 62
4.3 Fitting neutral currents into the V-A picture
a new quantum number? 70
5. Gauge theories and weak interaction phenomenology 74
5.1 Radiative corrections to S-decay 77
5.2 Induced strangeness changing neutral currents 82
5.3 Non-leptonic decays and the I~II = 1/2 rule 88
5.4 Parity violation in nuclear transitions 91
5.5 Charm phenomenology 92
References 95
vii
viii CONTENTS
PARITY VIOLATING EFFECTS IN ATOMS V.L. TELEGDI 99
I. Introduction 99
Emission and absorption of circularly polarized photons 101
Estimate of Pc 102
2. Specific experiments in ordinary atoms 103
Parity violating effects in muonic atoms 106
References 107
HIGH ENERGY NEUTRINO INTERACTIONS C. FRANZINETTI 109
1. Structure of weak interactions 109
1.1 Introduction 109
1.2 The Salam-Weinberg model 111
1.3 Experimental evidence of the existence of neutral
currents in neutrino lepton interactions 114
1.4 Hadronic neutral currents 117
1.5 Experimental evidence for the existence of hadronic
neutral currents. Recent results. 119
1.6 What are they if not neutral currents? 126
1.7 Simultaneous production of two muons 129
1.8 Search for charms in bubble chamber experiments -
two candidates 136
References 139
2. Neutrino nucleon interactions (charged currents) 139
2.1 The inclusive description 139
2.2 Elastic interactions and resonance production 144
2.3 The low q2 region. Tests of PCAC hypothesis 153
2.4 The "deep inelastic" region. Scale invariance 158
2.5 Precocious scaling? 173
Referen ces 175
3. Weak interactions and the structure of the nucleons. 177
3.1 Introduction 177
3.2 The region of elastic interactions and resonance
production at large q2 181
3.3 Partons with fractional charges (quarks) 183
3.4 Charmed quarks 190
References 193
INVESTIGATIONS OF HIGH ENERGY NEUTRINO INTERACTIONS IN THE
CALTECH-FERMILAB EXPERIMENT: B.C. BARISH 195
Abstract 195
Neutral current investigations 196
Neutrino events with two muons in the final states 205
References 224
CONTENTS ix
DIRECT LEPTON PRODUCTION IN HADRON INTERACTIONS
J.-M. GAILLARD 225
I. Introduction 225
II. Direct single lepton production 225
1. E.lectrons 226
2. Muons 232
III. Dilepton production 233
IV. Conclusions 245
References 246
DISCOVERY OF THE J PARTICLE AND SEARCH OF THE CHARMED
PARTICLES : MIN CHEN 249
I. Introduction 249
II. First observation of the J particle at BNL 249
III. Hadron production of the J particle 260
IV. Production by photons 268
V. BNL v-induced charm candidate 277
VI. e-/TI- ratio 280
VII. Are there many other long life particles? 280
References 294
+ -
e e INTERACTIONS H.L. LYNCH 297
Introduction 297
Total cross section 298
Spear detector 306
Inclusive spectra and scaling 310
1jJ resonances (general) 320
1jJ resonances (specific channels) 336
Conclusion 348
Acknowledgments 348
References 349
REVIEW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS OF HADRONS
P. SODING 351
Introduction 351
Deep inelastic scattering and scaling 351
Kinematics and definitions 351
Parton model 354
Status of Scaling 356
Evidence on quark quantum numbers from deep-inelastic
scattering 365
Shadowing in nuclei 370
Real photons 370
Virtual photons 380
x CONTENTS
Photoproduction of V states (in particular $'s) 381
$ photoproduction data 381
Vector dominance 385
Hadron production by virtual photons 395
Parton model 395
Experimental results 397
Vector meson production and vector dominance 404
References 413
+ -
e e ANNIHILATION AT ADONE RECENT EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
L. PAOLUZ11 417
Introduction 417
Experimental apparata 418
Experimental results 422
Search for new resonances in the 1.9 + 3.1 GeV region 431
References 435
THE NEW ELECTRON-POSITRON STORAGE RING AT ORSAY J. BUON 437
Introduction 437
Luminosity limitations 439
DCI outlines and characteristics 442
High energy physics program at DCI 444
1. First experiment: M3N 444
2. First magl etic detector experiments DM1 446
3. New magnetic detector : DM2 447
4. Two-photon experiments 449
Notes and references 453
INDEX 455
