Waterbirds Around the World: A Global Overview of the Conservation, Management and Research of the World's Waterbird Flyways

955 Pages·1978·42.91 MB·English

by  Scottish Natural Heritage

Extract only - complete publication at www.jncc.gov.uk/worldwaterbirds
Waterbirds around
the world
A global overview of the conservation,
management and research of the
world's waterbird flyways
Edited by G.C. Boere, C.A. Galbraith and D.A. Stroud
Assisted by L.K. Bridge, I. Colquhoun, D.A. Scott,
D.B.A. Thompson and L.G. Underhill
EDINBURGH, UK:THE STATIONERY OFFICE
Extract only - complete publication at www.jncc.gov.uk/worldwaterbirds
© Scottish Natural Heritage 2006
First published in 2006 by The Stationery Office Limited
71 Lothian Road, Edinburgh EH3 9AZ, UK.
Applications for reproduction should be made to Scottish Natural Heritage,
Great Glen House, Leachkin Road, Inverness IV3 8NW, UK.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 0 11 497333 4
Recommended citation:
Boere, G.C., Galbraith, C.A. & Stroud, D.A. (eds). 2006.
Waterbirds around the world. The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, UK. 960 pp.
Names used for geographical entities do not imply recognition,by the organisers of the Waterbirds around the worldconference or other
supporting organisations or governments,of the political status or boundaries of any particular territory. Names of territories used (and
any alternatives) are included solely to help users of this publication apply information contained within this volume for waterbird
conservation purposes. The views expressed in papers included within this volume do not necessarily represent views of the editors
or the organisations and governments that supported the conference and this publication.
Cover photography: Whooper Swans Cygnus cygnusarriving at Martin Mere,England. Photo:Paul Marshall.
(www.paulmarshallphotography.com)
Copyright of all photographs used in this publication resides with the named photographers.
Waterbirds around the world
CONTENTS
Part 1. Introduction
Address by the Patrons of ‘Waterbirds around the world’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
The Edinburgh Declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Déclaration d’Edimbourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Declaración de Edimburgo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Address by His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Address by Elliot Morley MP,UK Minister for Environment and Agri-Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Address by Cees Veerman,The Netherlands’Minister for Agriculture,Nature and Food Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Address by Max Finlayson,President,Wetlands International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Address by John Markland,Chairman of Scottish Natural Heritage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Address by Allan Wilson MSP,Deputy Minister for Environment and Rural Development,Scotland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Waterbird conservation in a new millennium — where from and where to?
David A. Stroud,Gerard C. Boere,Colin A. Galbraith & Des Thompson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
The flyway concept; what it is and what it isn’t
Gerard C. Boere & David A. Stroud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Part 2. Plenary papers
2.1 A short history of waterbird conservation
Eckhart Kuijken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
2.2 North American flyway management:a century of experience in the United States
Paul R. Schmidt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
2.3 African-Western Eurasian Flyways:current knowledge,population status and future challenges
Nicholas C. Davidson & David A. Stroud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
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Waterbirds around the world
2.4 Migration in the balance:tight ecological margins and the changing fortunes of shorebird populations
Theunis Piersma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
2.5 Successes and challenges of promoting conservation of migratory waterbirds and wetlands in the
Asia-Pacific region:nine years of a regional strategy
Taej Mundkur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
2.6 Climate variability and change and other pressures on wetlands and waterbirds:impacts and adaptation
C. Max Finlayson,Habiba Gitay,Maria Bellio,Rick van Dam & Iain Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
2.7 Sustainable harvest of waterbirds:a global review
Niels Kanstrup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
2.8 Cross-cutting research on a flyway scale - beyond monitoring
David B. Lank & Silke Nebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
2.9 Conservation of albatrosses and petrels of the Southern Ocean
John Cooper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113
2.10 The Arctic – origin of flyways
Kenton D. Wohl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
Part 3. Geographic regions
3.1 The Arctic: source of flyways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
3.1.1 Monitoring Arctic-nesting shorebirds:an international vision for the future
Richard B. Lanctot (on behalf of the Committee for Holarctic Shorebird Monitoring) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
3.1.2 Breeding performance of tundra waders in response to rodent abundance and weather from Taimyr
to Chukotka,Siberia
Mikhail Y. Soloviev,Clive D.T. Minton & Pavel S. Tomkovich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
3.1.3 The Arctic connection:monitoring coastal waders in South Africa - a case study
Doug M. Harebottle & Les G. Underhill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138
3.1.4 Thirty years of Arctic wader monitoring in the Dutch part of the Wadden Sea
Meinte Engelmoer,Gerard C. Boere & Ebel Nieboer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
3.1.5 Stable isotope analysis and threats in the wintering areas of the declining Spoon-billed Sandpiper
Eurynorhynchus pygmeusin the East Asia-Pacific Flyway
Christoph Zöckler,Evgeny E. Syroechkovskiy,Jr.,Elena G. Lappo & Gillian Bunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
3.1.6 Declines in breeding waterbirds following a redistribution of Arctic Terns Sterna paradisaeain
West Greenland
Carsten Egevang,Kaj Kampp & David Boertmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154
3.1.7 Long-term study of Bewick’s Swans Cygnus columbianus bewickiinesting in the Nenetskiy
State Nature Reserve,Russia:preliminary results and perspectives
Eileen C. Rees & Anna V. Belousova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155
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3.2 Waterbirds in the Neotropics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157
3.2.1 Potential new Ramsar sites in northwest Mexico:strategic importance for migratory waterbirds
and threats to conservation
X. Vega,M.A. González & A. Muñoz del Vieja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158
3.2.2 The importance of Costa Rica for resident and migratory waterbirds
Ghisselle M. Alvarado Quesada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161
3.2.3 Shorebird monitoring in the Upper Bay of Panama
Loyda E. Sánchez,Deborah M. Buehler & Alberto I. Castillo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166
3.2.4 Rice culture in Cuba as an important wintering site for migrant waterbirds from North America
Lourdes Mugica,Martín Acosta,Dennis Denis,Ariam Jiménez,Antonio Rodríguez & Xavier Ruiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172
3.2.5 Waterbird monitoring and conservation in protected areas of the Colombian Pacific
Luis Germán Naranjo,Luis Fernando Castillo,Richard Johnston-González,Carlos Hernández,
Carlos Ruiz & Felipe Estela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177
3.2.6 Important areas for waterbirds on the Pacific coast of Colombia
Luis Germán Naranjo,Alexandra Aparicio & Patricia Falk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
3.2.7 Status of the Black-necked Swan Cygnus melancoryphaand Coscoroba Swan Coscoroba coscoroba
in the south of Brazil
Joao Oldair Menegheti & Joao Carlos Dotto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183
3.2.8 Opportunism required - migratory shorebirds at variable tidal flats in the northeast of Brazil
Kerstin Kober . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185
3.2.9 Biodiversity and conservation in the Bañados del Este,southeastern Uruguay
Adrian B. Azpiroz & Francisco Rilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186
3.2.10 Abundance,distribution and migration chronology of shorebirds on exposed sandy beaches of
south central Chile
Alexandra Aparicio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188
3.2.11 The conservation status of migratory waterbirds in Argentina:towards a national strategy
Sergio D. Goldfeder & Daniel E. Blanco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
3.2.12 The Ruddy-headed Goose Chloephaga rubidiceps mainland population:a flyway perspective
Daniel E. Blanco,Ricardo Matus,Olivia Blank,Victoria M. de la Balze & Sergio M. Zalba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195
3.3 Flyway conservation in North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197
3.3.1 Integrated waterfowl management in North America
Robert J. Blohm,David E. Sharp,Paul I. Padding,Ronald W. Kokel & Kenneth D. Richkus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
3.3.2 Summary of the Workplans for 2005 of the Waterbird Conservation Council’s committees
Jennifer Wheeler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204
3.3.3 Canada’s Waterbird Conservation Plan - building on 30 years experience on the North American Great Lakes
Donna L. Stewart,D.V. Chip Weseloh,Brigitte Collins,Steve Timmermans & Jon McCracken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206
3.3.4 Population declines in North American shorebirds:ecology,life-history and sexual selection
Gavin M. Thomas,Richard B. Lanctot & Tamás Székely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207
3.3.5 Coordinated waterbird monitoring in the Pacific flyway of the western U.S.:the Idaho Bird Inventory
and Survey (IBIS)
Rex Sallabanks & Colleen E. Moulton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209
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Waterbirds around the world
3.3.6 Individual behaviour,population genetics and phylogeography of North American mergansers
John M. Pearce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211
3.3.7 Using national plans in North America to conserve shorebirds at an international scale
Garry Donaldson,Brad Andres,Aurea Estrada & Stephen Brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213
3.3.8 Issues and challenges facing migratory bird conservation programs in North America
Steve Wendt,Paul Schmidt & Garry Donaldson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214
3.4 Intra-African migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217
3.4.1 Conservation dilemmas for intra-African migratory waterbirds
Tim Dodman & Cheikh Hamallah Diagana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218
3.4.2 An investigation into inter-colony movements of African Penguins Spheniscus demersus
Philip A. Whittington,J. Griffin,P. Bartlett,R.J.M. Crawford,N.T.W. Klages,R.M. Randall
& A.C. Wolfaardt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224
3.4.3 Anatidae numbers and distribution in West Africa in winter
Bernard Trolliet & Olivier Girard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226
3.4.4 Anatidae wintering in the Inner Niger Delta,Mali
Olivier Girard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228
3.4.5 Lesser Flamingo Phoenicopterus minorcounts in Tanzanian soda lakes:implications for conservation
Charles Mlingwa & Neil Baker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230
3.4.6 Satellite tracking documents the East African flyway and key site network of the Lesser Flamingo
Phoenicopterus minor
Brooks Childress,Baz Hughes,David Harper,Wim Van den Bossche,Peter Berthold & Ulrich Querner . . . . . . . . . . . . .234
3.4.7 Movements of three Greater Flamingos Phoenicopterus ruber roseusfitted with satellite
transmitters in Tanzania
N. E. Baker,E.M. Baker,W. Van den Bossche & H. Biebach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239
3.4.8 Waterbirds in Tanzania:what we know and what we do not; where are the knowledge gaps?
N. E. Baker & E.M. Baker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
3.4.9 Conservation biology of an endemic waterbird of Madagascar,the Madagascar Plover Charadrius
thoracicus:distribution,surveys and photographs
Sama Zefania & Tamás Székely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250
3.4.10 Madagascar Teal Anas bernieri:the ecology and conservation of a short distance migrant
Hywel Glyn Young . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252
3.4.11 Subsistence use of waterbirds at Lake Chilwa,Malawi
Roy Bhima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255
3.4.12 Waterbird ringing in Africa
H. Dieter Oschadleus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257
3.5 Flyway conservation in the Central Asian Flyway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263
3.5.1 Waterbirds in the valleys of the Ob river tributaries (Western Siberia) and their conservation
Tatiana K. Blinova,I.V. Gromyshev & M.M. Samsonova (Mukhacheva) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264
3.5.2 Study and conservation of the Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropuson the Putorana
Plateau,southern Taimyr:results and perspectives
Alexey A. Romanov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265
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Waterbirds around the world
3.5.3 Waterbird surveys in the Tobolo-Irtyshskaja forest-steppe and steppe of Western Siberia
Sergei A. Soloviev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266
3.5.4 Waterbird populations in the Barabinsk Lowland,Russia,1976-2003
Alexander P. Yanovsky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267
3.5.5 Past and current status of Anatidae populations in Kazakhstan
Sergey N. Yerokhov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269
3.5.6 Creating protected areas on Lake Balkhash and Ile River Delta in the Kazakhstan Republic
Altay Zhumakan-Uly Zhatkanbayev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275
3.5.7 The effect of habitat change on the distribution of waterbirds in Uzbekistan and the possible
implications of climate change
Elena A. Kreuzberg-Mukhina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277
3.5.8 The Aral Sea basin:changes in migratory and breeding waterbird populations due to major
human-induced changes to the region’s hydrology
Elena A. Kreuzberg-Mukhina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283
3.5.9 The importance of Uzbekistan’s wetlands for supporting wintering waterfowl of the Central
Asian Flyway
Yevgeniya Lanovenko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285
3.5.10 A review of the wetlands of Afghanistan
Ahmad Khan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287
3.5.11 Strategic role of Pakistan wetland resources:prospects for an effective migratory waterbird
conservation network
Kashif M. Sheikh & Naseem Kashif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292
3.5.12 Decreases in size of lakes and numbers of birds in selected wetlands in Pakistan
Zulfiqar Ali & Muhammad Akhtar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .294
3.5.13 The decline in wader populations along the east coast of India with special reference to
Point Calimere,south-east India
S. Balachandran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296
3.5.14 Important Bird Areas in western India
Aeshita Mukherjee & Burkhard Wilske . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302
3.5.15 Importance of wetlands for conservation of bird life in the dry lands of western India
Aeshita Mukherjee & Burkhard Wilske . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303
3.5.16 Status of migratory shorebirds at Bhitarkanika and Chilika wetlands on the east coast of India
Anup Kumar Nayak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305
3.5.17 Residential,population and conservation status of Indian wetland birds
Arun Kumar,P.C. Tak & J.P. Sati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308
3.5.18 Protection of habitat of Sarus Crane Grus antigonein Bhoj wetland,India
Pradip Kumar Nandi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309
3.5.19 Nesting sites and breeding success of Black-necked Cranes Grus nigricollisin Ladakh,India
Pankaj Chandan,Parikshit Gautam & Archana Chatterjee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311
3.6 East Asia–Pacific Flyway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315
3.6.1 Shorebird migration studies in Kamchatka
Yuri N. Gerasimov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316
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3.6.2 Conserving migrating shorebirds in the Yellow Sea region
C. Kelin & X. Qiang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319
3.6.3 The North East Asian Crane Site Network
Simba Chan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320
3.6.4 The role of Asian wetland centres in the conservation of wetlands and migratory waterbirds
Lew Young . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324
3.6.5 Shorebird research in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway:looking to the future
Phil J. Straw,Ken B. Gosbell & Clive D.T. Minton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328
3.6.6 Threatened waterbird species in eastern and southern Asia and actions needed for their conservation
Michael J. Crosby & Simba Chan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332
3.6.7 Monitoring waterbirds in the Asia-Pacific region
David Li Zuo Wei & Taej Mundkur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339
3.6.8 Shorebird abundance and diversity in Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve,Singapore
James T.W.M. Gan & R.K. Ramakrishnan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343
3.6.9 Using predictive modelling to investigate large-scale shorebird migration in the Russian Far East for
Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris,Red Knot Calidris canutusand Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica
Kyle Kusch & Falk Huettmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345
3.6.10 Status and conservation of the Little Curlew Numenius minutuson its over-wintering grounds in Australia
Maria G. Bellio,P. Bayliss,S. Morton & R. Chatto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .346
3.7 Sustainable use of natural resources in the African-Eurasian Flyway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349
3.7.1 The Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds
Bert Lenten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350
3.7.2 Conservation problems of migratory waterfowl and shorebirds and their habitats in the Kaliningrad
region of Russia
Dimitri Grishanov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354
3.7.3 The state and conservation problems of key stop-over sites of migratory Common Snipe Gallinago
gallinagoin the Kaliningrad region of Russia
Julia Yarovikova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355
3.7.4 The Neman River Delta:a potential Ramsar site in Kaliningrad,Russia
Gennady Grishanov & Dimitri Grishanov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356
3.7.5 The migration routes of waterfowl and their protection in Baikal Siberia
Yuri I. Mel’nikov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357
3.7.6 Enigmas about Whimbrel Numenius phaeopusin the East Atlantic Flyway
Bertrand Trolliet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363
3.7.7 The European Non-Estuarine Coastal Waterbird Survey
Steve J. Holloway,Niall H.K. Burton & Mark M. Rehfisch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364
3.7.8 The evaluation of some key wetlands for waterfowl in Central Anatolia,Turkey
Utku Perktas,Atil BarisAlbayrak & Zafer Ayas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366
, , ,
3.7.9 Changes in abundance and diversity of waders and wintering waterfowl on the southern coast of
the Caspian Sea
Ahmad Barati & Olia Gholi Khalilipoor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368
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3.7.10 Results of eight years of monitoring wintering and nesting waterbirds in Azerbaijan
Elchin Sultanov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370
3.7.11 Evolution of freshwater lagoons in Daghestan and their importance for waterbirds on the west
Caspian coast
E. V. Vilkov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372
3.7.12 An overview of the Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage (ONCFS) research
programmes on Anatidae
Vincent Schricke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373
3.7.13 Waterbirds of Baie de Baly,Madagascar
Rivo Rabarisoa,Odon Rakotonomenjanahary & Julien Ramanampamonjy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .374
3.7.14 Trends in numbers of migrant waders (Charadrii) at Langebaan Lagoon,South Africa,1975-2003
Doug M. Harebottle,Rene A. Navarro,Les G. Underhill & Manfred Waltner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376
3.7.15 The breeding sites and distribution of Red-crested Pochard Netta rufinain Hungary
Attila Bankovics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .379
3.7.16 The Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropusat the verge of the millennium
Vladimir V. Morozov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .380
Part 4. Cross-cutting issues
4.1 The implications of climate change for waterbirds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .384
4.1.1 Developing an integrated approach to understanding the effects of climate change and other
environmental alterations at a flyway level
Mark J. O’Connell,A.H.L. Huiskes,M.L. Loonen,J. Madsen,M. Klaassen & M. Rounsevell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385
4.1.2 Climate change and coastal waterbirds:the United Kingdom experience reviewed
M. J. Rehfisch & Graham E. Austin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .398
4.1.3 Effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation and El Niño-Southern Oscillation on return rates,
body mass and timing of migration of Common Terns Sterna hirundobreeding in Germany
Marco Favero & Peter H. Becker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405
4.2 Disease emergence and impacts in migratory waterbirds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410
4.2.1 Evolving changes in diseases of waterbirds
Milton Friend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412
4.2.2 Emerging viral diseases in waterbirds
Thijs Kuiken,Ron A.M. Fouchier,Guus F. Rimmelzwaan & Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418
4.2.3 The global importance of avian botulism
Tonie E. Rocke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422
4.2.4 Domestic poultry and migratory birds in the interspecies transmission of avian influenza viruses:
a view from Hong Kong
Kennedy F. Shortridge & David S. Melville . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427
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Waterbirds around the world
4.2.5 Migratory waterbirds and avian influenza in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway with particular
reference to the 2003-2004 H5N1 outbreak
David S. Melville & Kennedy F. Shortridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432
4.2.6 Recurring waterbird mortalities of unusual etiologies
Rebecca A. Cole & J. Christian Franson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439
4.2.7 Consequences of an unforeseen event:effects of foot-and-mouth disease on the Barnacle Goose
Branta leucopsispopulation wintering on the Solway Firth
Larry Griffin,Mark O’Brien & Eileen C. Rees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441
4.2.8 Snow Goose Chen caerulescens caerulescensoverabundance increases avian cholera mortality
in other species
Michael D. Samuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .443
4.2.9 Ukraine as an ecological corridor for transcontinental migration of birds in the Afro-Eurasian region
and questions of epidemiological safety
Ivan Rusev & A. Korzuykov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446
4.3 Flyway monitoring – rising to the challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447
4.3.1 Monitoring North America’s waterfowl resource
Robert J. Blohm,David E. Sharp,Paul I. Padding & Kenneth D. Richkus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448
4.3.2 The African Waterbird Census (1991-2004):fourteen years of waterbird surveys in Africa
Cheikh Hamallah Diagana,Tim Dodman & Seydina Issa Sylla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453
4.3.3 Ten years of continuous waterbird monitoring at Lutembe Bay,Lake Victoria,Uganda
Achilles Byahuranga & Dianah Nalwanga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457
4.3.4 Priority needs for co-ordinated research at flyway level in order to improve monitoring and
management of waterbird populations as identified by the French National Observatory of Wildlife
Michel Vallance & Yves Ferrand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459
4.3.5 Long-term waterbird monitoring in The Netherlands:a tool for policy and management
Marc van Roomen,Kees Koffijberg,Ruurd Noordhuis & Leo Soldaat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463
4.3.6 Monitoring geese in the Vinogradovo floodplain – the core stop-over site in Moscow region
Alexander L. Mischenko,Olga V. Sukhanova & Sergei P. Kharitonov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471
4.3.7 Estuarine waterbirds at low tide:the WeBS low tide counts 1992-1993 to 1998-1999
Andy Musgrove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .473
4.3.8 Waterfowl marking in Portugal:main results and future perspectives
David Rodrigues,M. Ester Figueiredo,António Fabião & Paulo Tenreiro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .474
4.3.9 Britain’s first Winter River Bird Survey:a new approach to surveying waterbirds on linear waterways
James A. Robinson,Melanie Kershaw,Jenny Worden & Peter Cranswick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476
4.3.10 Fluctuations and trends in Swedish waterfowl populations during the last four decades
Leif Nilsson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478
4.3.11 Conflicting trends in Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferrugineapopulations:a myth or reality?
Anastasia B. Popovkina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480
4.3.12 The Swan Goose Anser cygnoidesresearch and conservation programme in Russia
Nikolay D. Poyarkov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482
4.3.13 Current status of the International Waterfowl Census in the Czech Republic
Zuzana Musilová & Petr Musil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .484
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