Water-Worked Bedload: Hydrodynamic and Mass Transport

154 Pages·2019·26.311 MB·English

by  Paweł M. Rowinski (editor), Subhasish Dey (editor)

Water - Worked
Bedload
Hydrodynamic and
Mass Transport
Edited by
Paweł M. Rowiński and Subhasish Dey
Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Water
www.mdpi.com/journal/water
Water-Worked Bedload

Water-Worked Bedload:
Hydrodynamic and Mass Transport
SpecialIssueEditors
PawełM.Rowin´ski
SubhasishDey
MDPI•Basel•Beijing•Wuhan•Barcelona•Belgrade
Special Issue Editors
Paweł M. Rowi n´ski
Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
Poland
Subhasish Dey
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
India
Editorial Office
MDPI
St. Alban-Anlage 66
4052 Basel, Switzerland
This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Water
(ISSN 2073-4441) from 2018 to 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/water/special
issues/Water Worked Bedload)
For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as
indicated below:
LastName,A.A.; LastName,B.B.; LastName,C.C.ArticleTitle. JournalNameYear,ArticleNumber,
PageRange.
ISBN978-3-03921-301-6(Pbk)
ISBN978-3-03921-302-3(PDF)
CoverimagecourtesyofSubhasishDey.
(cid:2)c 2019bytheauthors. ArticlesinthisbookareOpenAccessanddistributedundertheCreative
Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon
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Contents
AbouttheSpecialIssueEditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
PawełM.Rowin´skiandSubhasishDey
Water-WorkedBedload:HydrodynamicsandMassTransport
Reprintedfrom:Water2019,11,1396,doi:10.3390/w11071396. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
MagdalenaM.MrokowskaandPawełM.Rowin´ski
ImpactofUnsteadyFlowEventsonBedloadTransport:AReviewofLaboratoryExperiments
Reprintedfrom:Water2019,11,907,doi:10.3390/w11050907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
ElloraPadhi,SubhasishDey,VenkappayyaR.Desai,NadiaPennaandRobertoGaudio
Water-WorkedGravelBed:State-of-the-ArtReview
Reprintedfrom:Water2019,11,694,doi:10.3390/w11040694 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
RonaldMo¨wsandKatinkaKoll
Roughness Effect of Submerged Groyne Fields with Varying Length, Groyne Distance,
andGroyneTypes
Reprintedfrom:Water2019,11,1253,doi:10.3390/w11061253. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
LiZhang,PengtaoWang,WenhaiYang,WeiguangZuo,XinhongGuandXiaoxiaoYang
GeometricCharacteristicsofSpurDikeScourunderClear-WaterScourConditions
Reprintedfrom:Water2018,10,680,doi:10.3390/w10060680 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
LiZhang,HaoWang,XianqiZhang,BoWangandJianChen
The3-DMorphologyEvolutionofSpurDikeScourunderClear-WaterScourConditions
Reprintedfrom:Water2018,10,1583,doi:10.3390/w10111583. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
FedericaAntico,AnaM.RicardoandRuiM.L.Ferreira
TheLogarithmicLawoftheWallinFlowsoverMobileLattice-ArrangedGranularBeds
Reprintedfrom:Water2019,11,1166,doi:10.3390/w11061166. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
ArturRadecki-Pawlik,PiotrKubon´,BartoszRadecki-PawlikandKarolPlesin´ski
Bed-Load Transport in Two Different-Sized Mountain Catchments: Mlynne and Lososina
Streams,PolishCarpathians
Reprintedfrom:Water2019,11,272,doi:10.3390/w11020272 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
LeiHuang,HongweiFang,KeNi,WenjunYang,WeihuaZhao,GuojianHe,YongHanand
XiaocuiLi
DistributionandPotentialRiskofHeavyMetalsinSedimentsoftheThreeGorgesReservoir:
TheRelationshiptoEnvironmentalVariables
Reprintedfrom:Water2018,10,1840,doi:10.3390/w10121840. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
ŁukaszPrzyborowski,AnnaMariaŁobodaandRobertJo´zefBialik
ExperimentalInvestigationsofInteractionsbetweenSandWaveMovements,FlowStructure,
andIndividualAquaticPlantsinNaturalRivers:ACaseStudyofPotamogetonPectinatusL.
Reprintedfrom:Water2018,10,1166,doi:10.3390/w10091166. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
v

About the Special Issue Editors
PawełM.Rowin´ski,Professor,MemberofthePolishAcademyofSciences. In2015,hewaselected
as the VicePresident of thePolish Academy of Sciences(in 2019 he hasstarted his second term).
From2008to2015hewastheCEOoftheInstituteofGeophysics,PolishAcademyofSciences,and
earlier(2004–2008),theResearchDirectorofthatInstitute. HewasalsotheCo-FounderoftheEarth
andPlanetaryResearchCentre(GeoPlanet). During2009–2015,heservedasthefirstChairmanof
theBoardofDirectorsoftheGeoPlanet.In2018,hewaselectedastheViceChairoftheInternational
Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research IAHR Europe Division Leadership
Team.In2018,hewaselectedamemberofBoardofALLEA—theEuropeanFederationofAcademies
ofSciencesandHumanities. Hisresearchareasencompassmathematicalmodelingofhydrological
processes, fluvial hydraulics, river turbulence, pollution, heat, and sediment transport in rivers,
two-phase flows, chaotic dynamics, water balance in a catchment, flow–biota interactions, expert
systems, neural networks, adaptive environmental assessment, management; he has also made
importantcontributionstoexperimentalhydraulicsHehasmorethan160scientificpublicationsto
hiscredit. Hehasbeenaco-authorand/orco-editorof18scientificvolumes(includingthisone).
He was awarded a number of recognized prizes, among them, the stipend of the Foundation for
PolishScienceforoutstandingyoungscientistsandscholarshipoftheCentralEuropeanUniversity.
In 2015, he was awarded Bene Merito distinction by the Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs as an
acknowledgmentofhisservicesthatcontributetostrengtheningPoland’sstatusintheinternational
arena. HewasanAssociateEditoroftheHydrologicalSciencesJournal(IAHSPress,Wallingford,UK)
andiscurrentlytheEditor-in-ChiefoftheMonographicSeriesGeoplanet:EarthandPlanetarySciences,
SpringerVerlag.
Subhasish Dey, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India. He is a hydraulician and educator. He is known for
his research on the hydrodynamics throughout the world and acclaimed for his contributions to
developing theories and solution methodologies of various problems in applied hydrodynamics,
turbulence,boundarylayer,shallowfluidflows,andsedimenttransport. Healsoholdsanadjunct
professorpositioninthePhysicsandAppliedMathematicsUnitatIndianStatisticalInstituteKolkata
(2014–2019)andaDistinguishedVisitingProfessorofTsinghuaUniversitypositionintheDepartment
ofHydraulicEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing,China(2016–2019). Heisanauthorofthe
textbookFluvialHydrodynamics,publishedbySpringer.Hehaspublishedover175researchpapers
inrefereedjournals. HeisanassociateeditoroftheJournalofHydraulicEngineering(ASCE),Journal
of Hydraulic Research (IAHR), Sedimentology, Acta Geophysica, Journal of Hydro-Environment Research,
InternationalJournalofSedimentResearch,andJournalofNumericalMathematicsandStochastics.Heisalso
aneditorialboardmemberofseveraljournalsincludingtheProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyofLondonA:
Mathematical,PhysicalandEngineeringSciences.HeisacouncilmemberofIAHR(2015–2019),member
ofIAHRFluvialHydraulicsCommittee(2014–),andapastcouncilmemberoftheWorldAssociation
forSedimentationandErosionResearch(WASER),Beijing(2010–2013). HeisafellowoftheIndian
National Science Academy (FNA), Indian Academy of Sciences (FASc), the National Academy of
SciencesIndia(FNASc)andIndianNationalAcademyofEngineering(FNAE).Hehasalsoreceived
theawardJCBosefellowshipin2018.
vii

water
Editorial
Water-Worked Bedload: Hydrodynamics and
Mass Transport
PawełM.Rowin´ski1,*andSubhasishDey2
1 InstituteofGeophysics,PolishAcademyofSciences,Ks.Janusza64,01-452Warsaw,Poland
2 DepartmentofCivilEngineering,IndianInstituteofTechnologyKharagpur,WestBengal721302,India
* Correspondence:[email protected];Tel.:[phone]
Received:5July2019;Accepted:5July2019;Published:7July2019
Turbulentflowoveranaturalstreambediscomplexinnature,especiallyinthenear-bedflowzone,
becauseanaturalwater-workedbedexhibitsaspatiallycomplex,three-dimensionalstructure[1–3].
Thisechoestheorganizationofthebedparticlesbytransportprocesses.Theorientation,imbrication,
sorting,andlayeringofthedepositedbedparticlesaregovernedbythecontinualdepositionand
reworkingbyseveralfloodcycles.Besides,thebedloadtransportrateisoftenpredictedfromtheflow
inducedbedshearstresswithrespecttothethresholdshearstress,whichrepresentsthebedshearstress
requiredforparticleentrainmentbytheflow[4].Ourknowledgeonhowsedimentistransportedunder
suchacomplexsituationisstillinsufficient,whichtriggersagooddealofexperimental,theoretical,
andcomputationalefforts.Thenear-bedflowisgreatlyaffectedbyacomplex,colossal,fluid–sediment
interfacegivingrisetoaspatialflowheterogeneitytogetherwithasignificanttemporalintermittencyin
thevicinityofthebed.Inanaturalstream,suchacomplexflowplaysadecisiveroleindevelopingits
morphologicalenvironment.Inthisprocess,aso-calledwater-workedbedisformedinanaturalstream.
Bycontrast,inlaboratoryscaleexperimentalstudies,asimulatedstreambedinaflumeisgenerally
createdbyarbitrarilydumpingthesedimentparticlemixturetoagiventhickness.Thesedimentbed
surfaceisthenwornandlevelled,preparingascreededbed.Eventhoughifthedistributionofsediment
particlesizeusedinthelaboratoryexperimentalstudyissameasthatoftheparticlesizeinanatural
streambed,thesimulatedstreambed(bedsurfacecharacteristics)cannotbedeemedtobeacceptableas
analogoustothatinthenaturalstreambed.Tobespecific,thescreededbedisessentiallyamixtureof
randomlysortedsedimentparticlesanditsstatisticaldistributionintermsofbedsurfacetopography
isincompetenttomimicawater-workedbed.Thebedsurfacetopographyandtheflowcharacteristics
inwater-workedandscreededgravelbedswereexploredbyseveralresearchers[1,5–12].However,
aseriesofrecentstudiesbyPadhietal.[13–15]indicatedacleardistinctioninturbulencecharacteristics
inwater-workedandscreededgravelbedflows. Therefore, theresearchonwater-workedbeds,
inadditiontotherelatedhydrodynamicsandtransportprocesses,beingthetopicofthisSpecialIssue,
demandsfurtherattention.
Theapplicationofthewater-workedbedconcepttofluvialhydraulicsisdevelopingrapidlyand
ithasalreadybeensuccessfulinanumberoflaboratoryscalemodelstudies,includingdataanalysis
andinterpretation,andsupervisingconceptualframeworkandparameterizationsbyanumberof
researchgroupsaroundtheworld.Tobespecific,theimpactofwater-workontransportingsediment,
especiallyasabedload,isofprimaryimportance.Moreover,sedimenttransportbythemodificationof
flowatariverprotectionstructure,suchasagroyneoraspurdike,hasadetrimentaleffectofforminga
scourholearoundit.Therefore,thetopicofscoursatariverprotectionstructurehasbeenacontinued
interestofresearchoverseveraldecades.Furthermore,investigatorshavenotbeenrestrictedtothe
laboratoryscalemodelstudies.Theyhavebeen,onseveraloccasions,moreinterestedinconducting
fieldstudiesinnaturalstreambeds,wherethebedsarewater-worked.Thistendencyinthecurrent
researchtrendisreflectedinthisSpecialIssue.Itincludesninepapers,whichcanbeclassifiedintofour
categories.ThefirstcategoryiscomprisedoftworeviewpapersfromMrokowskaandRowin´ski[16]on
Water2019,11,1396;doi:10.3390/w11071396 1 www.mdpi.com/journal/water