Water Resources of Arid Areas

755 Pages·2004·15.19 MB·English

by  David Stephenson

WATER RESOURCES OF ARID
AREAS
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE ON WATER RESOURCES OF
ARID AND SEMI ARID REGIONS OF
AFRICA (WRASRA), AUGUST 3–6TH 2004,
GABORONE, BOTSWANA
Water Resources of Arid Areas
Edited by
D.Stephenson
Civil Engineering Department, University of Botswana,
Gaborone, Botswana
E.M.Shemang & T.R.Chaoka
Department of Geology, University of Botswana,
Gaborone, Botswana

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Table of Contents
Water Resources of Arid Areas—Stephenson, Shemang & Chaoka (eds),
© 2004 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 04 1535 913 9

Preface xii

Keynote address

Sustainable water management in arid and semi-arid environments 3

W.Kinzelbach, P.Bauer, P.Brunner & T.Siegfried

Theme A: Problems in obtaining hydrological and geo-hydrological data

Slug tests in fractured rock formations: value, pitfalls and 21

misinterpretations
P.D.Vermeulen & G.J.van Tonder
Flow simulation model performance assessment using entropy 29

approach
A.M.Ilunga & D.Stephenson
Data collection experiences in water level monitoring, borehole 36

archive and research projects in semi arid Botswana
M.Magowe, T.Obakeng & P.Makobo
Rainfall characteristics in semi-arid Kitui district of Kenya 43

A.O.Opere, V.O.Awuor, S.O.Kooke & W.O.Omoto
Quantification of the impact of irrigation on the aquifer under the 60

Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme
R.G.Ellington, B.H.Usher & G.J.van Tonder

Theme B: Groundwater recharge: natural and artificial

Groundwater development—identification of artificial recharge 75

areas in Alla, Eritrea

K.S.Viswanatham, F.Tesfaslasie, M.Asmellash, A.Kumar &
S.A.Drury
Subterraneous injection of nutrient rich groundwater to the coastal 85

waters
K.K.Balachandran & J.S.Paimpillil
A new method for the estimation of episodic recharge 92

J.Bean, G.van Tonder & I.Dennis
Prioritisation of the impacts of pollutants on groundwater flow 99

systems in South Africa
I.Dennis, B.Usher & J.Pretorius
Understanding problems of low recharge and low yield in 109

boreholes: an example from Ghana
A.J.E.Cobbing & J.Davies
Spatial variation of groundwater recharge in semi-arid 122

environment—Serowe, Botswana
L.M.Magombedze, B.Frengstad & M.W.Lubczynski
Quantification of artificial ground water recharge 133

G.C.Mishra
The architecture and application of the South African Groundwater 145

Decision Tool
I.Dennis & G.J.van Tonder
The development of a groundwater management tool for the 156

Schoonspruit dolomitic compartment
B.H.Usher & S.Veltman
Effects of mining and urban expansion on groundwater quality in 168

Francistown, Botswana
B.Mafa & H.Vogel
In situ remediation potential for Southern African groundwater 181

resources
S.Clarke, G.Tredoux & P.Engelbrecht
Coastal aquifers intrusion at semi-arid region of Turkey 191

L.Yilmaz
Evaluation of groundwater recharge rates in the Kizinga catchment 198

in Dar es Salaam region
Y.B.Mkwizu & H.H.Nkotagu

Theme C: Socio-economic aspects

KNUST experiences in capacity building in the water and 213

sanitation sector
S.N.Odai, F.O.K.Anyemedu, S.Oduro-Kwarteng & K.B.Nyarko
Strategic partnerships for sustainable water education and research 221

in developing countries
S.N.Odai, K.A.Andam & N.Trifunovic
Assessing demand for clean and safe domestic water in eastern 227

Zimbabwe
E.Manzungu, M.Machingambi & R.Machiridza
The role of supplementary irrigation for food production in a semi- 240

arid country—Palestine
M.Y.Sbeih
Conversion of priority water rights to proportional water permits 254

and conflict management in the Mupfure river catchment,

Zimbabwe
T.Mpala
Impacts of water development in arid lands of Southern Africa: 262

socio-economic issues
J.P.Msangi
Institutional challenges for small towns’ water supply delivery in 275

Ghana
K.B.Nyarko
Socio-economic performance of Sepeteri irrigation project in 287

Nigeria
O.O.Olubode-Awosola & E.O.Idowu

Theme D: Application of geophysical, GIS, and remote sensing
techniques

Mapping vegetation for upscaling transpiration using high- 302

resolution optical satellite and aircraft images in Serowe, Botswana
Y.A.Hussin, D.C.Chavarro, M.Lubczynski & O.Obakeng
Gravity study on groundwater structure in Central Butana (Sudan) 313

K.M.Kheiralla & A.E.Ibrahim
Remote sensing and electrical resistivity studies on groundwater 330

structure zones in Central Butana (Sudan)
K.M.Kheiralla & A.E.Ibrahim
Monitoring and modeling of fluxes on Kalahari—setup and 346

strategy of the Kalahari Monitoring project. Serowe study case,

Botswana
M.W.Lubczynski & O.Obakeng
Geoelectrical investigation for aquifer delineation in the semi-arid 357

Chad Basin, Nigeria
A.Iliya & E.M.Shemang
Monitoring of evapotranspiration on Kalahari, Serowe case study, 364

Botswana
O.Obakeng & M.W.Lubczynski
Electro-seismic survey system 381

S.R.Dennis, M.du Preez & G.J.van Tonder
Borehole site investigations in volcanic rocks of Lolmolok area, 388

Samburu district, Kenya
J.K.Mulwa
Groundwater evaluation in a complex hydrogeological 406

environment—a GIS based approach
B.Mudzingwa, J.L.Farr, R.Gumiremhete & T.Kellner
Application of 2-D resistivity imaging combined with time domain 420

electromagnetic survey to map shallower aquifers in Kunyere

valley, northwest Botswana
E.M.Shemang, H.Kumar & J.Ntsatsi

Theme E: Climate change and its impact

Hydraulic studies in the design of sand dams 430

A.S.Nzaba, H.O.Farah, T.C.Sharma & C.W.M.Sitters
Designing and implementing an aircraft survey mission using high- 442

resolution digital multi-spectral camera for vegetation mapping for

upscaling transpiration of Serowe, Botswana
Y.A.Hussin, M.W.Lubczynski, O.Obakeng & D.C.Chavarro
Relevance of groundwater interaction with surface water to the 450

eco-hydrology of semi-arid regions
J.Y.Diiwu
Impacts of climate change in water resources planning and 461

management
A.Opere
Turning a liability into an asset: the case for South African 467

coalmine waters
B.H.Usher & F.D.I.Hodgson
Environmental hydrogeology of the dolomite aquifer in Ramotswa, 479

Botswana
M.Staudt & H.Vogel
Investigation of natural enrichment processes of nitrate in soil and 489

groundwater of semi-arid regions: case study—Botswana

S.Stadler, M.von Hoyer, W.H.M.Duijnisveld, T.Himmelsbach,
M.Schwiede, J.Böttcher & H.Hötzl
Hydroclimatological approach to sustainable water resources 505

management in semi arid regions of Africa
U.T.Umoh
Impact of cultivation practices on multiple uses of water in the 514

Alemaya catchment, eastern Ethiopia
Y.E.Woyessa & A.T.P.Bennie
Geochemical evidence and origin of salinity in the shallow basinal 528

brine from the Makgadikgadi Pans Complexes, northeastern

Botswana
L.N.Molwalefhe

Theme F: Vulnerability and risk

Decision support for optimal water system planning: a Wadessy 541

case study
A.A.Ilemobade & D.Stephenson
The importance of constructing a correct conceptual model for an 551

aquifer
G.van Tonder, I.Dennis & D.Vermeulen
Water resources development and risk assessment in mountain 559

regions of Africa
H.Scheuerlein
Reliability, resilience and vulnerability for reservoir sizing and 572

operation
J.G.Ndiritu
Hydrological impact of dam construction in an arid area 580

D.Stephenson & Z.Chengeta
The geochemistry of fresh water supplies in Botswana 589

L.Molwalefhe & S.Vriend
Groundwater modelling with limited data: a case study of Yobe 600

River Basin, North East Nigeria
M.Hassan, R.C.Carter & K.R.Rushton

Theme G: Water resources management

Apple and grape vinegar application as c-source in water 613

denitrification
Ş.Aslan & A.Türkman
623
Water resources management in the National
Park, central Australia
E.R.Rooke
Integrated water resources management and agriculture in southern 634

Africa
M.McCartney, H.Sally & A.Senzanje