Table Of ContentWater Purification and Management
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series
This Series presents the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO
Programme: Science for Peace and Security (SPS).
The NATO SPS Programme supports meetings in the following Key Priority areas: (1)
Defence Against Terrorism; (2) Countering other Threats to Security and (3) NATO, Partner
and Mediterranean Dialogue Country Priorities. The types of meeting supported are generally
"Advanced Study Institutes" and "Advanced Research Workshops". The NATO SPS Series
collects together the results of these meetings. The meetings are co-organized by scientists
from NATO countries and scientists from NATO's "Partner" or "Mediterranean Dialogue"
countries. The observations and recommendations made at the meetings, as well as the
contents of the volumes in the Series, reflect those of parti-cipants and contributors only; they
should not necessarily be regarded as reflecting NATO views or policy.
Advanced Study Institutes (ASI) are high-level tutorial courses intended to convey the latest
developments in a subject to an advanced-level audience
Advanced Research Workshops (ARW) are expert meetings where an intense but informal
exchange of views at the frontiers of a subject aims at identifying directions for future action
Following a transformation of the programme in 2006 the Series has been re-named and re-
organised. Recent volumes on topics not related to security, which result from meetings
supported under the programme earlier, may be found in the NATO Science Series.
The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer, Dordrecht, in conjunction
with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division.
Sub-Series
A. Chemistry and Biology Springer
B. Physics and Biophysics Springer
C. Environmental Security Springer
D. Information and Communication Security IOS Press
E. Human and Societal Dynamics IOS Press
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Series C: Environmental Security
Water Purification and
Management
edited by
Prof. José Coca-Prados
University of Oviedo,
Department of Chemical Engineering
and Environmental Technology,
Oviedo, Spain
and
Gemma Gutiérrez-Cervelló
University of Oviedo,
Department of Chemical Engineering
and Environmental Technology,
Oviedo, Spain
Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Training Course on Water Purification and
Management in Mediterranean Countries
Oviedo, Spain
15-21 November 2009
Library of Congress Control Number: 2010937999
ISBN 978-90-481-9789-7 (PB)
ISBN 978-90-481-9774-3 (HB)
ISBN 978-90-481-9775-0 (e-book)
Published by Springer,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
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Printed on acid-free paper
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PREFACE
Water plays a crucial role in industry, agriculture and human life. Its use
has increased ten-fold between 1900 and 2000. On a global scale, about
70% of clean water from available sources is used for agricultural
purposes, primarily irrigation, with the remainder used for domestic and
industrial purposes. Given demographic and economic trends, it is
expected that two-thirds of the world population will live in water-stressed
countries by 2025 and the world will need 40% more water by then.
Degradation of the environment and pollution of water resources by
human activity is taking on greater importance. The world is already
facing water shortages in many countries, and nearly 90 developing
countries, containing close to one-half of the world’s population, already
experience water deficits, with resulting constraints on human and ecosystem
health as well as on economic development.
One of the major challenges to our society is to find viable solutions to the
growing shortage of clean water. Urgent steps to be taken are: saving water
and finding cost-effective methods for treating wastewater, recycling it,
and thus increasing the water supply.
The course on which the present volume is based, “Water Purification and
Management in Mediterranean Countries”, held in Oviedo on November
15–21, 2009, dealt with the challenges that water scarcity and water
quality are imposing on many countries around the world, and particularly
on many arid Mediterranean areas, and threatening their economic and
social development.
It was stated in 2006 in a United Nations Development Program report that
“…unclean water is an immeasurably greater threat to human security
than violent conflict”. A positive sign, though, is that new developments in
membrane filtration, sorption technologies, membrane bioreactors, and
disinfection/oxidation methods, as well as in water management, utilizing
remote monitoring and control capabilities, will help to reduce that threat.
Chemical Engineering will play an important role in many of the critical
advances involving water-treatment processes.
The present volume contains a several presentations from the NATO
Advanced Training Course held in Oviedo. The complete titles of all the
lectures and posters presented are also listed here.
vi PREFACE
The authors of this volume are to be thanked for their contributions as are
all the lecturers and participants for their cooperation in setting high
standards and ensuring the success of the course. Speakers and attendees
had the opportunity to meet and discuss numerous topics dealing with
technical developments, industrial applications, and academic research in
the areas of water treatment, recycling, and management.
We are indebted to those who contributed to the organization of the course
for their efficient and unobtrusive efforts (Prof. Ken Jolls, María Matos,
Emilio Muñoz, and David Allende).
The support of the NATO Science for Peace and Security Section (NATO-
SPS) for granting us the opportunity to host this meeting in Oviedo, of
the local sponsors (University of Oviedo, City Hall of Oviedo, Ficyt,
and CajaAstur), and of CADASA in the person of Dr. Antonio Marcos, for
allowing us to visit one of his company’s plants, is gratefully acknowledged.
José Coca-Prados
Gemma Gutiérrez-Cervelló
NATO ADVANCED TRAINING COURSE: “WATER
PURIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT IN MEDITERRANEAN
COUNTRIES”
Organizing committee:
Director: José Coca-Prados
Co-director: Djamal-Eddine Akretche
Lecturers:
José Coca Prados, University of Oviedo, Spain
Djamal-Eddine Akretche, University of Science and Technology Houari
Boumediene (USTHB), Algeria
Susana Luque, University of Oviedo, Spain
João Goulão Crespo, University of Nova Lisboa, Portugal
Pierre Aimar, CNRS and University of Toulouse, France
Farhang Shadman, University of Arizona, USA
Aysel Atimtay, Middle East Technical University, Turkey
Subhas K. Sikdar, National Risk Management Research Lab/USEPA, USA
Juan M. Lema Rodicio, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Carlo Vandecasteele, University of Leuven, Belgium
Thomas W. Chapman, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
Jurgis K. Staniskis, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania
José R. Alvarez, University of Oviedo, Spain
H.S., Muralidhara, INSEPPCON, Plymouth, MN, U.S.A
Salvador Ordoñez, University of Oviedo, Spain
LIST OF CONTRIBUTED LECTURES PRESENTED DURING
THE ATC:
- Issues about sustainable protection and development of water resources
(S.K. Sikdar)
- Parameters of water quality and their measurement (C. Vandecasteele)
- Reuse/recycle water opportunities and challenges using membrane
technology (H.S. Muralidhara)
- Membrane processes in the production of drinking water (P. Aimar)
- Water saving in industry by cleaner production (J.K. Staniskis)
- Physico-chemical treatment methods (S. Ordóñez)
- Treatment of complex systems (T.W. Chapman)
- Metals removal from industrial effluents (D.E. Akretche)
- Oily wastewaters treatment (J. Coca)
- Reuse/recycle water opportunities and challenges using membrane
technology: food/bio-processing industry (H.S. Muralidhara)
- Membrane bioreactors for treatment of drinking water sources (J.G. Crespo)
- Process synthesis strategies in water management (S. Luque)
- Purification, reclaim, and recycling in industrial water and wastewater
plants (F. Shadman)
- E nergy from waste biomass (A. Atimtay)
- Solid disposal from effluents treatment (J. Coca)
x LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
- Overview of NATO SPS Programme for cooperation in Civil Science
(J.K. Staniskis)
- Removal of micropollutants from wastewaters in STPs (J.M. Lema)
- Membrane bioreactors in wastewater treatment (J.R. Álvarez)
