Table Of ContentThe United Nations University is an organ of the United Nations estab-
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ofscholarsengagedinresearch,advancedtraining,andthedissemination
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Water management in Islam
WaterResourcesManagementand Dr.RalphDaley
PolicySeriesEditors Director,UNU/INWEH
Hamilton,Ontario,Canada
Dr.JuhaI.Uitto
MonitoringandEvaluationSpecialist, Dr.DavidSeckler
GlobalEnvironmentFacility Director-General,InternationalWater
Washington,D.C.,USA ManagementInstitute
Colombo,SriLanka
Prof.AsitK.Biswas
President,ThirdWorldCentrefor Dr.IsmailSerageldin
WaterManagement VicePresident,SpecialPrograms,The
MexicoCity,Mexico WorldBank
Washington,D.C.,USA
Dr.AlyM.Shady
InternationalAdvisoryBoard CanadianInternationalDevelopment
Agency(CIDA)
Dr.MahmoudA.Abu-Zeid
Hull,Quebec,Canada
MinisterofPublicWorksandWater
Resources Prof.YutakaTakahasi
Giza,Egypt ProfessorEmeritus,TokyoUniversity
Tokyo,Japan
Dr.BeneditoP.F.Braga
ProfessorofCivilEngineering, Dr.JoseGaliciaTundisi
ColoradoStateUniversity, InternationalInstituteofEcology
FortCollins,USA Sa˜oCarlosSP,Brazil
The UNU Programme on Integrated Basin Management focuses on water man-
agement, approaching the complex problematique from three particular angles:
governance,capacity-building,andmanagementtools.Theprogrammeiscarried
outthroughfield-basedresearchencompassingbothnaturalandsocialsciences.It
utilizes extensive networks of scholars and institutions in both developing and
industrialized countries. This work is intended to contribute to policy-making
by the United Nations and the international community, as well as to capacity-
buildingindevelopingcountries.
The Water Resources Management and Policy series disseminates the results of
researchcarriedoutundertheProgrammeonIntegratedBasinManagementand
related activities. The series focuses on policy-relevant topics of wide interest to
scholars,practitioners,andpolicy-makers.
Earlierbooksinthisseriesare:
Hydropolitics Along the Jordan River: Scarce Water and Its Impact on the Arab-
IsraeliConflictbyAaronT.Wolf
Managing Water for Peace in the Middle East: Alternative Strategiesby Masahiro
Murakami
FreshwaterResourcesinAridLandseditedbyJuhaI.UittoandJuttaSchneider
Central Eurasian Water Crisis: Caspian, Aral, and Dead Seas edited by Iwao
KoboriandMichaelH.Glantz
LatinAmericanRiverBasins:Amazon,Plata,andSa˜oFranciscoeditedbyAsitK.
Biswas,NewtonV.Cordiero,BeneditoP.F.Braga,andCeciliaTortajada
Waterfor Urban Areas: ChallengesandPerspectives by Juha I. Uitto andAsit K.
Biswas
Water management in Islam
Edited by Naser I. Faruqui, Asit K. Biswas,
and Murad J. Bino
a
United Nations
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
WatermanagementinIslam/editedbyNaserI.Faruqui,AsitK.Biswas,andMuradJ.Bino.
p. cm.
BasedonthefindingsoftheWorkshoponWaterResourcesManagementintheIslamicWorld,heldin
Amman,JordaninDec.1998,organizedbytheInternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre.Includes
bibliographicalreferences.
ISBN
1.Water-supply-MiddleEast-Management. 2.Water-supply-Africa,North-Management. 3.Water-supply-
Islamiccountries-Management. 4.Waterresourcesdevelopment-Governmentpolicy-Islamiccountries.
I.Faruqui,NaserI. II.Biswas,AsitK. III.Bino,MuradJ. IV.InternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre
(Canada) V.Title.
TD313.5.W382000
363.60100917671—dc21 00-011417
CanadianCataloginginPublicationData
Mainentryundertitle:
WatermanagementinIslam
‘‘ThisbookisprimarilybasedonthefindingsoftheWorkshoponWaterResourcesManagementintheIslamic
World,heldinAmman,Jordan,inDecember1998’’.—Pref.
Co-publishedbyUNUPress.
ISBN0-88936-924-0
1.Waterresourcesdevelopment—MiddleEast.
2.Watersupply—MiddleEast.
3.Waterresourcesdevelopment—Africa,North.
4.Waterqualitymanagement—MiddleEast.
5.Waterqualitymanagement—Africa,North.
I.Faruqui,NaserI.,1965– .
II.Biswas,AsitK.
III.Bino,MuradJ.
IV.InternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre(Canada)
HD1698.7W272000 333.91000956 C00-980407-2
CoverdesignbyJoyceC.Weston.
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
ISBN92-808-1036-7(UNUPedition)
ISBN0-88936-924-0(IDRCedition)
Contents
Foreword............................................................... vii
Caroline Pestieau
Preface................................................................. ix
Acknowledgements.................................................... xii
Introduction............................................................ xiii
Naser I. Faruqui
Islamic sources......................................................... xx
Naser I. Faruqui and Odeh Al-Jayyousi
List of abbreviations................................................... xxiii
1 Islam and water management: Overview and principles ........ 1
Naser I. Faruqui
2 Islamic water management and the Dublin Statement .......... 33
Odeh Al-Jayyousi
3 Islam and the environment........................................ 39
Hussein A. Amery
v
vi CONTENTS
4 Water conservation through public awareness based on Islamic
teachings in the Eastern Mediterranean region.................. 49
Sadok Atallah, M. Z. Ali Khan, and Mazen Malkawi
5 Water conservation through community institutions in
Pakistan: Mosques and religious schools......................... 61
S. M. S. Shah, M. A. Baig, A. A. Khan, and H. F. Gabriel
6 Water demand management in Saudi Arabia.................... 68
Walid A. Abderrahman
7 Sociocultural acceptability of wastewater reuse in Palestine.... 79
Nader Al Khateeb
8 Water rights and water trade: An Islamic perspective........... 85
M. T. Kadouri, Y. Djebbar, and M. Nehdi
9 Ownership and transfer of water and land in Islam ............. 94
Dante A. Caponera
10 Water markets and pricing in Iran................................ 103
Kazem Sadr
11 Intersectoral water markets in the Middle East and North
Africa............................................................... 115
Naser I. Faruqui
12 Management of shared waters: A comparison of international
and Islamic law .................................................... 128
Iyad Hussein and Odeh Al-Jayyousi
Glossary of Arabic and Islamic terms................................ 136
Volume editors ........................................................ 141
Workshop participants ................................................ 142
Index ................................................................... 145
Foreword
The theory and practice of natural resources management is changing.
The formerly neat and isolated compartments in the study of natural
resources management are disappearing. In universities, scientists are
starting to analyse natural resources from multidisciplinary perspectives.
In the field, resource managers are being urged to take account of the
concerns of the full range of stake-holders. In both public and private
sectors,decisionmakersarerecognizingforceswhich,untilrecently,they
considered as extraneous. One of these is globalization which brings for-
eign institutions and actors into the domestic arena. Another is the re-
introduction of explicit value systems into policy choices.
Manyvaluesystemshavetheiroriginsinreligion. Recognizingtherole
of religion can therefore enrich our understanding of how individual and
collective choices are made, independently of our own belief in, or atti-
tude towards, religion in general or towards a particular religion. Water
Management in Islam presents interpretations by eighteen scientists of
the role that Islam may play in water management. Each of the authors
has great experience in one or another aspect of the topic. Since Islam is
the religion of about one-fifth of the world’s population and the official
faith of a number of countries, in many of which water is the key scarce
factor for development, understanding its actual or potential role is
important.
Thisbookmakesavaluablecontributiontodevelopmentbypresenting
the Islamic perspective on a number of proposed water management
vii
viii FOREWORD
policies such as water demand management, wastewater reuse, and fair
pricing. These policies are widely agreed to lead to more equitable, effi-
cient, and sustainable water management. While water management
practices and policies are influenced by a combination of social, cultural,
economic, and political factors, not all of which relate to religious value
systems, the congruence between Islamic principles and those currently
promoted,suchastheDublinPrinciples,isworthnoting.Itismuchcloser
than many theorists and practitioners realize. The book thus opens ave-
nues for a wider dialogue among researchers working at identifying the
most promising water management policies and for a more rapid adop-
tion of these. It also adds to our knowledge of some of the influences on
formal policy and informal practice and makes these ideas available to a
broader public.
Caroline Pestieau
Vice President, Programs
International Development Research Centre
Ottawa, Canada
