Wastewater Treatment: Processes, Uses and Importance

242 Pages·2019·4.577 MB·English

by  Adriana Magdalena (editor)

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WASTE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT

W T
ASTEWATER REATMENT

P , U I
ROCESSES SES AND MPORTANCE

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ASTE AND ASTE ANAGEMENT

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WASTE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT

W T
ASTEWATER REATMENT

P , U I
ROCESSES SES AND MPORTANCE

ADRIANA MAGDALENA
EDITOR

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CONTENTS

Preface vii
Chapter 1 Wastewater Treatment and Agricultural Uses 1
Sufia Irfan and Basma M. Alharbi
Chapter 2 Performance of Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Procedures 31
Ibrahim Chourouk, Hammami Salah
and Hassen Abdennaceur
Chapter 3 Exploring the Energy Potential of
Wastewater with Microbial Fuel Cells 69
Brandon E. Oliphant, Stephen A. Caponetti,
Pauline Sow, Jessica Boyer, Shivani Amin,
Lauren Bahnsen and Birthe V. Kjellerup
Chapter 4 Treatment and Uses of Biogas and
Bioethanol Wastewater 95
Fábio Spitza Stefanski, Thamarys Scapini,
Aline Frumi Camargo, Caroline Dalastra,
Natalia Klanovicz, Karina Paula Preczeski,
Fabiane Czapela, Simone Kubeneck,
Gislaine Fongaro and Helen Treichel
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vi Contents
Chapter 5 Petroleum Wastewater Treatment Using
Granular Sequencing Batch Reactor:
Physical Characteristics and Capabilities
of the Aerobic Granules 145
Shabnam Taghipour and Bita Ayati
Chapter 6 Improving Biomethane Production by the
Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Agro-Industrial
Wastes (Vinasse, Whey and Glycerin) Using
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactors 181
R. Albanez, G. Lovato, J. N. Albuquerque,
S. P. Sousa, S. M. Ratusznei
and J. A. D. Rodrigues
Chapter 7 Reclamation and Reuse of Grey Water:
A Beneficiary Solution for the
Water Demand Issues 201
Rajagopalan Varadarajan, Manjula Gopinathan
and Abirami Mani
Index 221
Related Nova Publications 225
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PREFACE

Wastewater Treatment: Processes, Uses and Importance begins by
providing information about wastewater treatment and its various
application, especially in agriculture sectors. Some information about
wastewater use and regulation in Saudi Arabia is also discussed.
The main characteristics of the natural oxidizing pond system and the
activated sludge procedure are described and their performance in the
abatement of physico-chemical, bacteriological and virological pollution is
discussed.
Next, the authors describe and discuss the most common wastewater
treatment processes and the importance of the activated sludge process in
wastewater treatment, as well as introduce the idea of implementing
microbial fuel cells into the procedural design of wastewater treatment for
resource recovery.
This compilation also covers strategies aimed at minimizing the
expense of water during every stage of energy and biofuel production, as
well as forms of reuse and recycling that guarantee the utilization of
wastewater in order to develop the circular economy in biogas and
bioethanol plants.
Characteristics of cultivated bio-granules including the number of
granules, density, sludge volume index, settling velocity, and physical
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viii Adriana Magdalena
strength are studied and their performance in treating petroleum and other
types of wastewater is investigated.
Following this, the authors provide an overview of the achievements of
studies in which anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactors have been
used to co-digest agro-industrial wastes for the production of methane,
with a focus on operational strategy and perspectives for energy
estimations.
The closing study discusses the characteristics of grey water and
available methods for its recycling and reuse. Grey water is the wastewater
from homes, excluding black water, which typically makes up 50 to 80%
of wastewater.
Chapter 1 - In residential, commercial and industrial communities,
organizations are involved in different activities that make the water
extremely polluted, and therefore, it has no use for other functional
purposes. Since wastewater comes from different sources, it has a
combination of suspended and dissolved organic and inorganic matters,
soaps, detergent, fertilizers, plastic products, inorganic and organic
compounds, and chemicals. Treatment of wastewater is done to save the
ecosystem and people from the adverse outcomes of water pollution such
as lack of dissolved oxygen, which can cause deterioration of the aquatic
environment for plants and animals, excessive nitrogen and phosphorus in
the water can cause ecosystem eutrophication, contamination of useable
water, restrictions on recreational water activities etc. The rapid expansion
of urban populations, the increasing domestic water need and the
construction of city drainage systems are producing a considerable quantity
of municipal waste and sewage water. Awareness of environmental safety
and water pollution problems is one of the great needs of the time, and
already, global environmental organizations are focusing on the safe and
advantageous disposal of wastewater. Among various applications for
wastewater, the agriculture sector has proven to be a functional area where
treated wastewater can be an alternative to agriculture irrigation, especially
in arid and semi-arid geographical regions. However, compared to the
substantial agricultural industry of other countries, treated wastewater
applications as a source of irrigation can be a small proportion, despite that
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